二進位制部署 k8s 1.18.3
插播一條：ansible 一鍵部署：https://github.com/liyongjian5179/k8s-ansible
1、相關前置資訊
1.1 版本資訊
kube_version: v1.18.3
etcd_version: v3.4.9
flannel: v0.12.0
coredns: v1.6.7
cni-plugins: v0.8.6
pod 網段：10.244.0.0/16
service 網段：10.96.0.0/12
kubernetes 內部地址：10.96.0.1
coredns 地址: 10.96.0.10
apiserver 域名：lb.5179.top
1.2 機器安排
| 主機名 | IP | 角色及元件 | k8s 相關元件 |
|---|---|---|---|
| centos7-nginx | 10.10.10.127 | nginx 四層代理 | nginx |
| centos7-a | 10.10.10.128 | master,node,etcd,flannel | kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubelet kube-proxy |
| centos7-b | 10.10.10.129 | master,node,etcd,flannel | kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubelet kube-proxy |
| centos7-c | 10.10.10.130 | master,node,etcd,flannel | kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubelet kube-proxy |
| centos7-d | 10.10.10.131 | node,flannel | kubelet kube-proxy |
| centos7-e | 10.10.10.132 | node,flannel | kubelet kube-proxy |
2、部署前環境準備
以 centos7-nginx 當主控機對其他機器做免密
2.1、 安裝ansible用於批量操作
安裝過程略
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[masters]
10.10.10.128
10.10.10.129
10.10.10.130
[nodes]
10.10.10.131
10.10.10.132
[k8s]
10.10.10.[128:132]
推送宿主機 hosts 檔案
cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.10.10.127 centos7-nginx lb.5179.top
10.10.10.128 centos7-a
10.10.10.129 centos7-b
10.10.10.130 centos7-c
10.10.10.131 centos7-d
10.10.10.132 centos7-e
ansible k8s -m shell -a "mv /etc/hosts /etc/hosts.bak"
ansible k8s -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/etc/hosts"
2.2 關閉防火牆及SELINUX
# 關閉防火牆
ansible k8s -m shell -a "systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld"
# 關閉 selinux
ansible k8s -m shell -a "setenforce 0 && sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux && sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config "
2.3 關閉 swap 分割槽
ansible k8s -m shell -a "swapoff -a && sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab"
2.4 安裝 docker及加速器
vim ./install_docker.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum -y install docker-ce-19.03.11-19.03.11
systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker
docker version
# 安裝加速器
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://ajpb7tdn.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"log-opts": {"max-size":"100m", "max-file":"5"}
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
然後使用 ansible 批量執行
ansible k8s -m script -a "./install_docker.sh"
2.5 修改核心引數
vim 99-k8s.conf
#sysctls for k8s node config
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle=0
net.core.rmem_max=16777216
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288
kernel.softlockup_all_cpu_backtrace=1
kernel.softlockup_panic=1
fs.file-max=2097152
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
fs.inotify.max_queued_events=16384
vm.max_map_count=262144
vm.swappiness=0
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.may_detach_mounts=1
net.core.netdev_max_backlog=16384
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem=4096 12582912 16777216
net.core.wmem_max=16777216
net.core.somaxconn=32768
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=8096
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem=4096 12582912 16777216
拷貝至遠端
ansible k8s -m copy -a "src=./99-k8s.conf dest=/etc/sysctl.d/"
ansible k8s -m shell -a "cd /etc/sysctl.d/ && sysctl --system"
2.6 建立對應的目錄
master 用
vim mkdir_k8s_master.sh
#!/bin/bash
mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,data,cfg,ssl} -p
mkdir /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs} -p
mkdir /opt/kubernetes/logs/{kubelet,kube-proxy,kube-scheduler,kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager} -p
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/opt/kubernetes/bin' >> /etc/profile
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/opt/etcd/bin' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
node 用
vim mkdir_k8s_node.sh
#!/bin/bash
mkdir /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs} -p
mkdir /opt/kubernetes/logs/{kubelet,kube-proxy} -p
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/opt/kubernetes/bin' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
呼叫 ansible 執行
ansible masters -m script -a "./mkdir_k8s_master.sh"
ansible nodes -m script -a "./mkdir_k8s_node.sh"
2.7 準備 LB
為三臺master提供高可用，可以選用雲廠商的 slb，也可以用 兩臺 nginx + keepalived 實現。
此處，為實驗環境，用單臺 nginx 坐四層代理實現
# 安裝 nginx
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# yum install -y nginx
# 建立子配置檔案
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@centos7-nginx conf.d]# vim lb.tcp
stream {
upstream master {
hash $remote_addr consistent;
server 10.10.10.128:6443 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30;
server 10.10.10.129:6443 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30;
server 10.10.10.130:6443 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30;
}
server {
listen 6443;
proxy_pass master;
}
}
# 在主配置檔案中引入該檔案
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# cd /etc/nginx/
[root@centos7-nginx nginx]# vim nginx.conf
...
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.tcp;
...
# 加入開機自啟，並啟動 nginx
[root@centos7-nginx nginx]# systemctl enable nginx
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@centos7-nginx nginx]# systemctl start nginx
3、部署
3.1 生成證書
執行指令碼
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# mkdir ssl && cd ssl
[root@centos7-nginx ssl]# vim ./k8s-certificate.sh
[root@centos7-nginx ssl]# ./k8s-certificate.sh 10.10.10.127,10.10.10.128,10.10.10.129,10.10.10.130,lb.5179.top,10.96.0.1
IP 說明：
-
10.10.10.127|lb.5179.top: nginx
-
10.10.10.128|129|130: masters
-
10.96.0.1: kubernetes(service 網段的第一個 IP)
指令碼內容如下
#!/bin/bash
# 二進位制部署，生成 k8s 證書檔案
if [ $# -ne 1 ];then
echo "please user in: `basename $0` MASTERS[10.10.10.127,10.10.10.128,10.10.10.129,10.10.10.130,lb.5179.top,10.96.0.1]"
exit 1
fi
MASTERS=$1
KUBERNETES_HOSTNAMES=kubernetes,kubernetes.default,kubernetes.default.svc,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster,kubernetes.svc.cluster.local
for i in `echo $MASTERS | tr ',' ' '`;do
if [ -z $IPS ];then
IPS=\"$i\",
else
IPS=$IPS\"$i\",
fi
done
command_exists() {
command -v "$@" > /dev/null 2>&1
}
if command_exists cfssl; then
echo "命令已存在"
else
# 下載生成證書命令
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
# 新增執行許可權
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
# 移動到 /usr/local/bin 目錄下
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
fi
# 預設籤 10 年
cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
#-----------------------
cat > server-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
${IPS}
"127.0.0.1",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
# 或者
#cat > server-csr.json <<EOF
#{
# "CN": "kubernetes",
# "key": {
# "algo": "rsa",
# "size": 2048
# },
# "names": [
# {
# "C": "CN",
# "L": "BeiJing",
# "ST": "BeiJing",
# "O": "k8s",
# "OU": "System"
# }
# ]
#}
#EOF
#
#cfssl gencert \
# -ca=ca.pem \
# -ca-key=ca-key.pem \
# -config=ca-config.json \
# -hostname=${MASTERS},127.0.0.1,${KUBERNETES_HOSTNAMES} \
# -profile=kubernetes \
# server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
#-----------------------
cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "admin",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert \
-ca=ca.pem \
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
-config=ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes \
admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
#-----------------------
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert \
-ca=ca.pem \
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
-config=ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes \
kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
# 注意: "CN": "system:metrics-server" 一定是這個，因為後面授權時用到這個名稱，否則會報禁止匿名訪問
cat > metrics-server-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:metrics-server",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "system"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert \
-ca=ca.pem \
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
-config=ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes \
metrics-server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare metrics-server
for item in $(ls *.pem |grep -v key) ;do echo ======================$item===================;openssl x509 -in $item -text -noout| grep Not;done
#[root@aliyun k8s]# for item in $(ls *.pem |grep -v key) ;do echo ======================$item===================;openssl x509 -in $item -text -noout| grep Not;done
#======================admin.pem====================
# Not Before: Jun 18 14:32:00 2020 GMT
# Not After : Jun 16 14:32:00 2030 GMT
#======================ca.pem=======================
# Not Before: Jun 18 14:32:00 2020 GMT
# Not After : Jun 17 14:32:00 2025 GMT
#======================kube-proxy.pem===============
# Not Before: Jun 18 14:32:00 2020 GMT
# Not After : Jun 16 14:32:00 2030 GMT
#======================metrics-server.pem===========
# Not Before: Jun 18 14:32:00 2020 GMT
# Not After : Jun 16 14:32:00 2030 GMT
#======================server.pem===================
# Not Before: Jun 18 14:32:00 2020 GMT
# Not After : Jun 16 14:32:00 2030 GMT
注意：cfssl產生的ca證書固定5年有效期
// CAPolicy contains the CA issuing policy as default policy.
var CAPolicy = func() *config.Signing {
return &config.Signing{
Default: &config.SigningProfile{
Usage: []string{"cert sign", "crl sign"},
ExpiryString: "43800h",
Expiry: 5 * helpers.OneYear,
CAConstraint: config.CAConstraint{IsCA: true},
},
}
}
可以通過修改原始碼方式重新編譯更改 ca 過期時間，或者在ca-csr.json新增如下
"ca": {
"expiry": "438000h" #---> 50年
}
3.2 拷貝證書
3.2.1 拷貝 etcd 叢集使用的證書
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# cd ssl
[root@centos7-nginx ssl]#
[root@centos7-nginx ssl]# ansible masters -m copy -a "src=./ca.pem dest=/opt/etcd/ssl"
[root@centos7-nginx ssl]# ansible masters -m copy -a "src=./server.pem dest=/opt/etcd/ssl"
[root@centos7-nginx ssl]# ansible masters -m copy -a "src=./server-key.pem dest=/opt/etcd/ssl"
3.2.2 拷貝 k8s 叢集使用的證書
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# cd ssl
[root@centos7-nginx ssl]#
[root@centos7-nginx ssl]# scp *.pem root@10.10.10.128:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@centos7-nginx ssl]# scp *.pem root@10.10.10.129:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@centos7-nginx ssl]# scp *.pem root@10.10.10.130:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@centos7-nginx ssl]# scp *.pem root@10.10.10.131:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@centos7-nginx ssl]# scp *.pem root@10.10.10.132:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
3.3 安裝 ETCD 叢集
下載二進位制etcd包，並把執行檔案推到各 master節點的 /opt/etcd/bin/ 目錄下
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# mkdir ./etcd && cd ./etcd
[root@centos7-nginx etcd]# wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@centos7-nginx etcd]# tar zxvf etcd-v3.3.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@centos7-nginx etcd]# cd etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64
[root@centos7-nginx etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64]# ll
總用量 40540
drwxr-xr-x. 14 630384594 600260513 4096 5月 22 03:54 Documentation
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 630384594 600260513 23827424 5月 22 03:54 etcd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 630384594 600260513 17612384 5月 22 03:54 etcdctl
-rw-r--r--. 1 630384594 600260513 43094 5月 22 03:54 README-etcdctl.md
-rw-r--r--. 1 630384594 600260513 8431 5月 22 03:54 README.md
-rw-r--r--. 1 630384594 600260513 7855 5月 22 03:54 READMEv2-etcdctl.md
[root@centos7-nginx etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64]# ansible masters -m copy -a "src=./etcd dest=/opt/etcd/bin mode=755"
[root@centos7-nginx etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64]# ansible masters -m copy -a "src=./etcdctl dest=/opt/etcd/bin mode=755"
編寫 etcd 配置檔案指令碼
#!/bin/bash
# 使用說明
#./etcd.sh etcd01 10.10.10.128 etcd01=https://10.10.10.128:2380,etcd02=https://10.10.10.129:2380,etcd03=https://10.10.10.130:2380
#./etcd.sh etcd02 10.10.10.129 etcd01=https://10.10.10.128:2380,etcd02=https://10.10.10.129:2380,etcd03=https://10.10.10.130:2380
#./etcd.sh etcd03 10.10.10.130 etcd01=https://10.10.10.128:2380,etcd02=https://10.10.10.129:2380,etcd03=https://10.10.10.130:2380
ETCD_NAME=${1:-"etcd01"}
ETCD_IP=${2:-"127.0.0.1"}
ETCD_CLUSTER=${3:-"etcd01=https://127.0.0.1:2379"}
# ETCD 版本選擇[3.3,3.4]
# 要用 3.3.14 以上版本：https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/configure-upgrade-etcd/#%E5%B7%B2%E7%9F%A5%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98-%E5%85%B7%E6%9C%89%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%AF%E7%82%B9%E7%9A%84-etcd-%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF%E5%9D%87%E8%A1%A1%E5%99%A8
ETCD_VERSION=3.4.9
if [ ${ETCD_VERSION%.*} == "3.4" ] ;then
cat <<EOF >/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.yml
#etcd ${ETCD_VERSION}
name: ${ETCD_NAME}
data-dir: /opt/etcd/data
listen-peer-urls: https://${ETCD_IP}:2380
listen-client-urls: https://${ETCD_IP}:2379,https://127.0.0.1:2379
advertise-client-urls: https://${ETCD_IP}:2379
initial-advertise-peer-urls: https://${ETCD_IP}:2380
initial-cluster: ${ETCD_CLUSTER}
initial-cluster-token: etcd-cluster
initial-cluster-state: new
enable-v2: true
client-transport-security:
cert-file: /opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem
key-file: /opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem
client-cert-auth: false
trusted-ca-file: /opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
auto-tls: false
peer-transport-security:
cert-file: /opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem
key-file: /opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem
client-cert-auth: false
trusted-ca-file: /opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
auto-tls: false
debug: false
logger: zap
log-outputs: [stderr]
EOF
else
cat <<EOF >/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.yml
#etcd ${ETCD_VERSION}
name: ${ETCD_NAME}
data-dir: /opt/etcd/data
listen-peer-urls: https://${ETCD_IP}:2380
listen-client-urls: https://${ETCD_IP}:2379,https://127.0.0.1:2379
advertise-client-urls: https://${ETCD_IP}:2379
initial-advertise-peer-urls: https://${ETCD_IP}:2380
initial-cluster: ${ETCD_CLUSTER}
initial-cluster-token: etcd-cluster
initial-cluster-state: new
client-transport-security:
cert-file: /opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem
key-file: /opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem
client-cert-auth: false
trusted-ca-file: /opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
auto-tls: false
peer-transport-security:
cert-file: /opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem
key-file: /opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem
peer-client-cert-auth: false
trusted-ca-file: /opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
auto-tls: false
debug: false
log-package-levels: etcdmain=CRITICAL,etcdserver=DEBUG
log-outputs: default
EOF
fi
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
Documentation=https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd
Conflicts=etcd.service
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5s
TimeoutStartSec=0
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd --config-file=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.yml
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl restart etcd
推送到 masters 機器上
ansible masters -m copy -a "src=./etcd.sh dest=/opt/etcd/bin mode=755"
分別登陸到三臺機器上執行指令碼檔案
[root@centos7-a bin]# ./etcd.sh etcd01 10.10.10.128 etcd01=https://10.10.10.128:2380,etcd02=https://10.10.10.129:2380,etcd03=https://10.10.10.130:2380
[root@centos7-b bin]# ./etcd.sh etcd02 10.10.10.129 etcd01=https://10.10.10.128:2380,etcd02=https://10.10.10.129:2380,etcd03=https://10.10.10.130:2380
[root@centos7-c bin]# ./etcd.sh etcd03 10.10.10.130 etcd01=https://10.10.10.128:2380,etcd02=https://10.10.10.129:2380,etcd03=https://10.10.10.130:2380
驗證叢集是否是健康的
### 3.4.9
[root@centos7-a ~]# ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --write-out="table" --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints=https://10.10.10.128:2379,https://10.10.10.129:2379,https://10.10.10.130:2379 endpoint health
+---------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| ENDPOINT | HEALTH | TOOK | ERROR |
+---------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| https://10.10.10.128:2379 | true | 31.126223ms | |
| https://10.10.10.129:2379 | true | 28.698669ms | |
| https://10.10.10.130:2379 | true | 32.508681ms | |
+---------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
檢視叢集成員
[root@centos7-a ~]# ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --write-out="table" --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints=https://10.10.10.128:2379,https://10.10.10.129:2379,https://10.10.10.130:2379 member list
+------------------+---------+--------+---------------------------+---------------------------+------------+
| ID | STATUS | NAME | PEER ADDRS | CLIENT ADDRS | IS LEARNER |
+------------------+---------+--------+---------------------------+---------------------------+------------+
| 2cec243d35ad0881 | started | etcd02 | https://10.10.10.129:2380 | https://10.10.10.129:2379 | false |
| c6e694d272df93e8 | started | etcd03 | https://10.10.10.130:2380 | https://10.10.10.130:2379 | false |
| e9b57a5a8276394a | started | etcd01 | https://10.10.10.128:2380 | https://10.10.10.128:2379 | false |
+------------------+---------+--------+---------------------------+---------------------------+------------+
給 etcdctl建立別名，三臺機器分別執行
vim .bashrc
alias etcdctl2="ETCDCTL_API=2 etcdctl --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints=https://10.10.10.128:2379,https://10.10.10.129:2379,https://10.10.10.130:2379"
alias etcdctl3="ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints=https://10.10.10.128:2379,https://10.10.10.129:2379,https://10.10.10.130:2379"
source .bashrc
3.3 安裝 k8s 相關元件
3.3.1 下載二進位制安裝包
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# mkdir k8s-1.18.3 && cd k8s-1.18.3/
[root@centos7-nginx k8s-1.18.3]# wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.18.3/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@centos7-nginx k8s-1.18.3]# tar xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@centos7-nginx k8s-1.18.3]# cd kubernetes
[root@centos7-nginx kubernetes]# ll
總用量 33092
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 20 21:32 addons
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 32587733 5月 20 21:32 kubernetes-src.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1297746 5月 20 21:32 LICENSES
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 5月 20 21:27 server
[root@centos7-nginx kubernetes]# cd server/bin/
[root@centos7-nginx bin]# ll
總用量 1087376
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 48128000 5月 20 21:32 apiextensions-apiserver
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 39813120 5月 20 21:32 kubeadm
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 120668160 5月 20 21:32 kube-apiserver
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 5月 20 21:27 kube-apiserver.docker_tag
-rw-------. 1 root root 174558720 5月 20 21:27 kube-apiserver.tar
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 110059520 5月 20 21:32 kube-controller-manager
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 5月 20 21:27 kube-controller-manager.docker_tag
-rw-------. 1 root root 163950080 5月 20 21:27 kube-controller-manager.tar
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 44032000 5月 20 21:32 kubectl
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 113283800 5月 20 21:32 kubelet
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 38379520 5月 20 21:32 kube-proxy
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 5月 20 21:28 kube-proxy.docker_tag
-rw-------. 1 root root 119099392 5月 20 21:28 kube-proxy.tar
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 42950656 5月 20 21:32 kube-scheduler
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 5月 20 21:27 kube-scheduler.docker_tag
-rw-------. 1 root root 96841216 5月 20 21:27 kube-scheduler.tar
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1687552 5月 20 21:32 mounter
將對應檔案拷貝到目標機器上
# masters
[root@centos7-nginx bin]# scp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl kubelet kube-proxy root@10.10.10.128:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
[root@centos7-nginx bin]# scp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl kubelet kube-proxy root@10.10.10.129:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
[root@centos7-nginx bin]# scp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl kubelet kube-proxy root@10.10.10.130:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
# nodes
[root@centos7-nginx bin]# scp kubelet kube-proxy root@10.10.10.131:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
[root@centos7-nginx bin]# scp kubelet kube-proxy root@10.10.10.131:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
# 本機
[root@centos7-nginx bin]# cp kubectl /usr/local/bin/
3.3.2 建立Node節點kubeconfig檔案
- 建立TLS Bootstrapping Token
- 建立kubelet kubeconfig
- 建立kube-proxy kubeconfig
- 建立admin kubeconfig
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# cd ~/ssl/
[root@centos7-nginx ssl]# vim kubeconfig.sh # 修改第10行 KUBE_APISERVER 地址
[root@centos7-nginx ssl]# bash ./kubeconfig.sh
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
User "kubelet-bootstrap" set.
Context "default" created.
Switched to context "default".
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
User "kube-proxy" set.
Context "default" created.
Switched to context "default".
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
User "admin" set.
Context "default" created.
Switched to context "default".
指令碼內容如下：
# 建立 TLS Bootstrapping Token
export BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ')
cat > token.csv <<EOF
${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN},kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF
#----------------------
# 建立kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig
export KUBE_APISERVER="https://lb.5179.top:6443"
# 設定叢集引數
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 設定客戶端認證引數
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
--token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 設定上下文引數
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 設定預設上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
#----------------------
# 建立kube-proxy kubeconfig檔案
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
#----------------------
# 建立 admin kubeconfig檔案
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=admin.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials admin \
--client-certificate=./admin.pem \
--client-key=./admin-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=admin.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=admin \
--kubeconfig=admin.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=admin.kubeconfig
將檔案拷貝至對應位置
ansible k8s -m copy -a "src=./bootstrap.kubeconfig dest=/opt/kubernetes/cfg"
ansible k8s -m copy -a "src=./kube-proxy.kubeconfig dest=/opt/kubernetes/cfg"
ansible k8s -m copy -a "src=./token.csv dest=/opt/kubernetes/cfg"
3.4 安裝 kube-apiserver
Masters 節點安裝
此處可以使用 tmux 開啟三個終端視窗進行，並行輸入
也可以在三臺機器上分開執行
[root@centos7-a ~]# mkdir k8s-scripts
[root@centos7-a k8s-scripts]# vim install-apiserver.sh
[root@centos7-a k8s-scripts]# IP=`ip addr | grep ens33 | grep inet | awk '{ print $2; }' | sed 's/\/.*$//'|head -1` && echo $IP
10.10.10.128
[root@centos7-a k8s-scripts]# bash install-apiserver.sh $IP https://10.10.10.128:2379,https://10.10.10.129:2379,https://10.10.10.130:2379
指令碼內容如下：
#!/bin/bash
# MASTER_ADDRESS 寫本機
MASTER_ADDRESS=${1:-"10.10.10.128"}
ETCD_SERVERS=${2:-"http://127.0.0.1:2379"}
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs/kube-apiserver \\
--etcd-servers=${ETCD_SERVERS} \\
--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=${MASTER_ADDRESS} \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/12 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--kubelet-https=true \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \\
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \\
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\
--proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/metrics-server.pem \\
--proxy-client-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/metrics-server-key.pem \\
--runtime-config=api/all=true \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-truncate-enabled=true \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl restart kube-apiserver
3.5 安裝 kube-scheduler
Masters 節點安裝
此處可以使用 tmux 開啟三個終端視窗進行，並行輸入，也可以在三臺機器上分開執行
[root@centos7-a ~]# cd k8s-scripts
[root@centos7-a k8s-scripts]# vim install-scheduler.sh
[root@centos7-a k8s-scripts]# bash install-scheduler.sh 127.0.0.1
指令碼內容如下
#!/bin/bash
MASTER_ADDRESS=${1:-"127.0.0.1"}
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs/kube-scheduler \\
--master=${MASTER_ADDRESS}:8080 \\
--address=0.0.0.0 \\
--leader-elect"
EOF
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl restart kube-scheduler
3.6 安裝 kube-controller-manager
Masters 節點安裝
此處可以使用 tmux 開啟三個終端視窗進行，並行輸入，也可以在三臺機器上分開執行
[root@centos7-a ~]# cd k8s-scripts
[root@centos7-a k8s-scripts]# vim install-controller-manager.sh
[root@centos7-a k8s-scripts]# bash install-controller-manager.sh 127.0.0.1
指令碼內容如下
#!/bin/bash
MASTER_ADDRESS=${1:-"127.0.0.1"}
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs/kube-controller-manager \\
--master=${MASTER_ADDRESS}:8080 \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/12 \\
--cluster-name=kubernetes \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s \\
--feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \\
--feature-gates=RotateKubeletClientCertificate=true \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem"
EOF
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl restart kube-controller-manager
3.7 檢視元件狀態
在三臺機器上任意一臺執行kubectl get cs
[root@centos7-a k8s-scripts]# kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
controller-manager Healthy ok
scheduler Healthy ok
3.8 配置kubelet證書自動申請 CSR、稽核及自動續期
3.8.1 節點自動建立 CSR 請求
節點 kubelet 啟動時自動建立 CSR 請求，將kubelet-bootstrap使用者繫結到系統叢集角色 ,這個是為了頒發證書用的許可權
# Bind kubelet-bootstrap user to system cluster roles.
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
3.8.2 證書審批及自動續期
1）手動審批指令碼(啟動 node 節點 kubelet 之後操作)
vim k8s-csr-approve.sh
#!/bin/bash
CSRS=$(kubectl get csr | awk '{if(NR>1) print $1}')
for csr in $CSRS; do
kubectl certificate approve $csr;
done
- 自動審批及續期
建立自動批准相關 CSR 請求的 ClusterRole
[root@centos7-a ~]# mkdir yaml
[root@centos7-a ~]# cd yaml/
[root@centos7-a yaml]# vim tls-instructs-csr.yaml
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeserver
rules:
- apiGroups: ["certificates.k8s.io"]
resources: ["certificatesigningrequests/selfnodeserver"]
verbs: ["create"]
[root@centos7-a yaml]# kubectl apply -f tls-instructs-csr.yaml
自動批准 kubelet-bootstrap 使用者 TLS bootstrapping 首次申請證書的 CSR 請求
kubectl create clusterrolebinding node-client-auto-approve-csr --clusterrole=system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient --user=kubelet-bootstrap
自動批准 system:nodes 組使用者更新 kubelet 自身與 apiserver 通訊證書的 CSR 請求
kubectl create clusterrolebinding node-client-auto-renew-crt --clusterrole=system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient --group=system:nodes
自動批准 system:nodes 組使用者更新 kubelet 10250 api 埠證書的 CSR 請求
kubectl create clusterrolebinding node-server-auto-renew-crt --clusterrole=system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeserver --group=system:nodes
自動獲籤後的狀態如下：
[root@centos7-a kubelet]# kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
csr-44lt8 4m10s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
csr-45njg 0s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
csr-nsbc9 4m9s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
csr-vk64f 4m9s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
csr-wftvq 59s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
3.9 安裝 kube-proxy
拷貝對應包至所有節點
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# cd k8s-1.18.3/kubernetes/server/bin/
[root@centos7-nginx bin]# ansible k8s -m copy -a "src=./kube-proxy dest=/opt/kubernetes/bin mode=755"
此處可以使用 tmux 開啟五個終端視窗進行，並行輸入，也可以在五臺機器上分開執行
[root@centos7-a ~]# cd k8s-scripts
[root@centos7-a k8s-scripts]# vim install-proxy.sh
[root@centos7-a k8s-scripts]# bash install-proxy.sh ${HOSTNAME}
指令碼內容如下
#!/bin/bash
HOSTNAME=${1:-"`hostname`"}
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs/kube-proxy \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
address: 0.0.0.0 # 監聽地址
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249 # 監控指標地址,監控獲取相關資訊 就從這裡獲取
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig # 讀取配置檔案
hostnameOverride: ${HOSTNAME} # 註冊到k8s的節點名稱唯一
clusterCIDR: 10.244.0.0/16
mode: iptables # 使用iptables模式
# 使用 ipvs 模式
#mode: ipvs # ipvs 模式
#ipvs:
# scheduler: "rr"
#iptables:
# masqueradeAll: true
EOF
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl restart kube-proxy
3.10 安裝 kubelet
拷貝對應包至所有節點
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# cd k8s-1.18.3/kubernetes/server/bin/
[root@centos7-nginx bin]# ansible k8s -m copy -a "src=./kubelet dest=/opt/kubernetes/bin mode=755"
此處可以使用 tmux 開啟五個終端視窗進行，並行輸入，也可以在五臺機器上分開執行
[root@centos7-a ~]# cd k8s-scripts
[root@centos7-a k8s-scripts]# vim install-kubelet.sh
[root@centos7-a k8s-scripts]# bash install-kubelet.sh 10.96.0.10 ${HOSTNAME} cluster.local
指令碼內容如下
#!/bin/bash
DNS_SERVER_IP=${1:-"10.96.0.10"}
HOSTNAME=${2:-"`hostname`"}
CLUETERDOMAIN=${3:-"cluster.local"}
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs/kubelet \\
--hostname-override=${HOSTNAME} \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d \\
--cni-bin-dir=/opt/cni/bin \\
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0 \\
--system-reserved=memory=300Mi \\
--kube-reserved=memory=400Mi"
EOF
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml
kind: KubeletConfiguration # 使用物件
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1 # api版本
address: 0.0.0.0 # 監聽地址
port: 10250 # 當前kubelet的埠
readOnlyPort: 10255 # kubelet暴露的埠
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs # 驅動，要與docker info顯示的驅動一致
clusterDNS:
- ${DNS_SERVER_IP}
clusterDomain: ${CLUETERDOMAIN} # 叢集域
failSwapOn: false # 關閉swap
# 身份驗證
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
# 授權
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
# Node 資源保留
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 300Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
evictionPressureTransitionPeriod: 5m0s
# 映象刪除策略
imageGCHighThresholdPercent: 85
imageGCLowThresholdPercent: 80
imageMinimumGCAge: 2m0s
# 旋轉證書
rotateCertificates: true # 旋轉kubelet client 證書
featureGates:
RotateKubeletServerCertificate: true
RotateKubeletClientCertificate: true
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl restart kubelet
3.11 檢視節點個數
等待一段時間後出現
[root@centos7-a ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
centos7-a NotReady <none> 7m v1.18.3
centos7-b NotReady <none> 6m v1.18.3
centos7-c NotReady <none> 6m v1.18.3
centos7-d NotReady <none> 6m v1.18.3
centos7-e NotReady <none> 5m v1.18.3
3.12 安裝網路外掛
3.12.1 安裝 flannel
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# mkdir flannel
[root@centos7-nginx flannel]# wget https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.12.0/flannel-v0.12.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@centos7-nginx flannel]# tar xf flannel-v0.12.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@centos7-nginx flannel]# ll
總用量 43792
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 lyj lyj 35253112 3月 13 08:01 flanneld
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9565406 6月 16 19:41 flannel-v0.12.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 lyj lyj 2139 5月 29 2019 mk-docker-opts.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 lyj lyj 4300 5月 29 2019 README.md
[root@centos7-nginx flannel]# vim remove-docker0.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Copyright 2014 The Kubernetes Authors All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# Delete default docker bridge, so that docker can start with flannel network.
# exit on any error
set -e
rc=0
ip link show docker0 >/dev/null 2>&1 || rc="$?"
if [[ "$rc" -eq "0" ]]; then
ip link set dev docker0 down
ip link delete docker0
fi
將包拷貝至所有主機對應位置
[root@centos7-nginx flannel]# ansible k8s -m copy -a "src=./flanneld dest=/opt/kubernetes/bin mode=755"
[root@centos7-nginx flannel]# ansible k8s -m copy -a "src=./mk-docker-opts.sh dest=/opt/kubernetes/bin mode=755"
[root@centos7-nginx flannel]# ansible k8s -m copy -a "src=./remove-docker0.sh dest=/opt/kubernetes/bin mode=755"
準備啟動指令碼
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# vim install-flannel.sh
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# bash install-flannel.sh
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# ansible k8s -m script -a "./install-flannel.sh https://10.10.10.128:2379,https://10.10.10.129:2379,https://10.10.10.130:2379"
指令碼內容如下：
#!/bin/bash
ETCD_ENDPOINTS=${1:-'https://127.0.0.1:2379'}
cat >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld <<EOF
FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
-etcd-cafile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
-etcd-certfile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
-etcd-keyfile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem"
EOF
cat >/usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld Overlay address etcd agent
After=network-online.target network.target
Before=docker.service
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
#ExecStartPre=/opt/kubernetes/bin/remove-docker0.sh
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq \$FLANNEL_OPTIONS
#ExecStartPost=/opt/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.env
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable flanneld
systemctl restart flanneld
將 pod 網段資訊寫入 etcd 中
登陸到任意一臺 master 節點上
[root@centos7-a ~]# cd k8s-scripts/
[root@centos7-a k8s-scripts]# vim install-flannel-to-etcd.sh
[root@centos7-a k8s-scripts]# bash install-flannel-to-etcd.sh https://10.10.10.128:2379,https://10.10.10.129:2379,https://10.10.10.130:2379 10.244.0.0/16 vxlan
指令碼內容如下
#!/bin/bash
# bash install-flannel-to-etcd.sh https://10.10.10.128:2379,https://10.10.10.129:2379,https://10.10.10.130:2379 10.244.0.0/16 vxlan
ETCD_ENDPOINTS=${1:-'https://127.0.0.1:2379'}
NETWORK=${2:-'10.244.0.0/16'}
NETWORK_MODE=${3:-'vxlan'}
ETCDCTL_API=2 etcdctl --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} set /coreos.com/network/config '{"Network": '\"$NETWORK\"', "Backend": {"Type": '\"${NETWORK_MODE}\"'}}'
#ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} put /coreos.com/network/config -- '{"Network": "10.244.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'
由於flannel 使用的是v2版本的 etcd，所以此處 etcdctl 使用 v2 的 API
3.12.2 安裝 cni-plugin
下載 cni 外掛
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# mkdir cni
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# cd cni
[root@centos7-nginx cni]# wget https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.6/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz
[root@centos7-nginx cni]# tar xf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz
[root@centos7-nginx cni]# ll
總用量 106512
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4159518 5月 14 03:50 bandwidth
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4671647 5月 14 03:50 bridge
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 36878412 6月 17 20:07 cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12124326 5月 14 03:50 dhcp
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5945760 5月 14 03:50 firewall
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3069556 5月 14 03:50 flannel
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4174394 5月 14 03:50 host-device
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3614480 5月 14 03:50 host-local
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4314598 5月 14 03:50 ipvlan
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3209463 5月 14 03:50 loopback
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4389622 5月 14 03:50 macvlan
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3939867 5月 14 03:50 portmap
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4590277 5月 14 03:50 ptp
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3392826 5月 14 03:50 sbr
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2885430 5月 14 03:50 static
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3356587 5月 14 03:50 tuning
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4314446 5月 14 03:50 vlan
[root@centos7-nginx cni]# cd ..
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# ansible k8s -m copy -a "src=./cni/ dest=/opt/cni/bin mode=755"
建立 cni 配置檔案
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# vim install-cni.sh
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# ansible k8s -m script -a "./install-cni.sh"
指令碼內容如下：
#!/bin/bash
mkdir /etc/cni/net.d/ -pv
cat <<EOF > /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
EOF
3.13 檢視 node 狀態
[root@centos7-c cfg]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
10.10.10.128 Ready <none> 1h v1.18.3
10.10.10.129 Ready <none> 1h v1.18.3
10.10.10.130 Ready <none> 1h v1.18.3
10.10.10.131 Ready <none> 1h v1.18.3
10.10.10.132 Ready <none> 1h v1.18.3
3.14 安裝 coredns
注意：k8s 與 coredns 的版本對應關係
https://github.com/coredns/deployment/blob/master/kubernetes/CoreDNS-k8s_version.md
安裝 dns 外掛
kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
檔案內容如下
cat coredns.yaml # 注意修改clusterIP 和 映象版本1.6.7
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:coredns
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- endpoints
- services
- pods
- namespaces
verbs:
- list
- watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:coredns
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
data:
Corefile: |
.:53 {
errors
health {
lameduck 5s
}
ready
kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
}
prometheus :9153
forward . /etc/resolv.conf
cache 30
loop
reload
loadbalance
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
# replicas: not specified here:
# 1. Default is 1.
# 2. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
replicas: 2
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
spec:
priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
serviceAccountName: coredns
tolerations:
- key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
operator: "Exists"
nodeSelector:
kubernetes.io/os: linux
affinity:
podAntiAffinity:
preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- weight: 100
podAffinityTerm:
labelSelector:
matchExpressions:
- key: k8s-app
operator: In
values: ["kube-dns"]
topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
containers:
- name: coredns
image: coredns/coredns:1.6.7
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
resources:
limits:
memory: 170Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 70Mi
args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/coredns
readOnly: true
ports:
- containerPort: 53
name: dns
protocol: UDP
- containerPort: 53
name: dns-tcp
protocol: TCP
- containerPort: 9153
name: metrics
protocol: TCP
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
capabilities:
add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
drop:
- all
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /health
port: 8080
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 60
timeoutSeconds: 5
successThreshold: 1
failureThreshold: 5
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /ready
port: 8181
scheme: HTTP
dnsPolicy: Default
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: coredns
items:
- key: Corefile
path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: kube-dns
namespace: kube-system
annotations:
prometheus.io/port: "9153"
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
selector:
k8s-app: kube-dns
clusterIP: 10.96.0.10
ports:
- name: dns
port: 53
protocol: UDP
- name: dns-tcp
port: 53
protocol: TCP
- name: metrics
port: 9153
protocol: TCP
驗證是否可以正常執行
# 先建立一個 busybox 容器作為客戶端
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# kubectl create -f https://k8s.io/examples/admin/dns/busybox.yaml
# 解析 kubernetes
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# kubectl exec -it busybox -- nslookup kubernetes
Server: 10.96.0.10
Address 1: 10.96.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Name: kubernetes
Address 1: 10.96.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
[root@centos7-nginx ~]#
3.15 安裝 metrics-server
專案地址：https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server
按照說明執行如下命令即可，需要根據自身叢集狀態進行修改，比如，映象地址、資源限制...
kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/download/v0.3.6/components.yaml
將檔案下載到本地
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/download/v0.3.6/components.yaml
修改內容：修改映象地址，新增資源限制和相關命令
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: metrics-server
spec:
template:
spec:
containers:
- name: metrics-server
image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/liyongjian5179/metrics-server-amd64:v0.3.6
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
resources:
limits:
cpu: 400m
memory: 512Mi
requests:
cpu: 50m
memory: 50Mi
command:
- /metrics-server
- --kubelet-insecure-tls
- --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP
根據您的群集設定，您可能還需要更改傳遞給Metrics Server容器的標誌。最有用的標誌：
--kubelet-preferred-address-types-確定連線到特定節點的地址時使用的節點地址型別的優先順序（default [Hostname,InternalDNS,InternalIP,ExternalDNS,ExternalIP]）--kubelet-insecure-tls-不要驗證Kubelets提供的服務證書的CA。僅用於測試目的。--requestheader-client-ca-file-指定根證書捆綁包，以驗證傳入請求上的客戶端證書。
執行該檔案
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# kubectl apply -f components.yaml
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:aggregated-metrics-reader created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/metrics-server:system:auth-delegator created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/metrics-server-auth-reader created
apiservice.apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io created
serviceaccount/metrics-server created
deployment.apps/metrics-server created
service/metrics-server created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:metrics-server created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:metrics-server created
等待一段時間即可檢視效果
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# kubectl top nodes
NAME CPU(cores) CPU% MEMORY(bytes) MEMORY%
centos7-a 159m 15% 1069Mi 62%
centos7-b 158m 15% 1101Mi 64%
centos7-c 168m 16% 1153Mi 67%
centos7-d 48m 4% 657Mi 38%
centos7-e 45m 4% 440Mi 50%
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# kubectl top pods -A
NAMESPACE NAME CPU(cores) MEMORY(bytes)
kube-system coredns-6fdfb45d56-79jhl 5m 12Mi
kube-system coredns-6fdfb45d56-pvnzt 3m 13Mi
kube-system metrics-server-5f8fdf59b9-8chz8 1m 11Mi
kube-system tiller-deploy-6b75d7dccd-r6sz2 2m 6Mi
完整檔案內容如下
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: system:aggregated-metrics-reader
labels:
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-view: "true"
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-edit: "true"
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-admin: "true"
rules:
- apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: metrics-server:system:auth-delegator
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:auth-delegator
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: metrics-server-auth-reader
namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: extension-apiserver-authentication-reader
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: APIService
metadata:
name: v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io
spec:
service:
name: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
group: metrics.k8s.io
version: v1beta1
insecureSkipTLSVerify: true
groupPriorityMinimum: 100
versionPriority: 100
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
template:
metadata:
name: metrics-server
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
spec:
serviceAccountName: metrics-server
volumes:
# mount in tmp so we can safely use from-scratch images and/or read-only containers
- name: tmp-dir
emptyDir: {}
containers:
- name: metrics-server
image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/liyongjian5179/metrics-server-amd64:v0.3.6
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
resources:
limits:
cpu: 400m
memory: 512Mi
requests:
cpu: 50m
memory: 50Mi
command:
- /metrics-server
- --kubelet-insecure-tls
- --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP
args:
- --cert-dir=/tmp
- --secure-port=4443
ports:
- name: main-port
containerPort: 4443
protocol: TCP
securityContext:
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsNonRoot: true
runAsUser: 1000
volumeMounts:
- name: tmp-dir
mountPath: /tmp
nodeSelector:
kubernetes.io/os: linux
kubernetes.io/arch: "amd64"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/name: "Metrics-server"
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
spec:
selector:
k8s-app: metrics-server
ports:
- port: 443
protocol: TCP
targetPort: main-port
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: system:metrics-server
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
- nodes
- nodes/stats
- namespaces
- configmaps
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:metrics-server
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:metrics-server
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
3.16 安裝 ingress
3.16.1 LB 方案
採用裸金屬伺服器的方案：https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/deploy/#bare-metal
可選NodePort或者LoadBalancer，預設是 NodePort 的方案
在雲上的環境可以使用現成的 LB的方案:
比如阿里雲Internal load balancer示例，可以通過註解的方式
[...]
metadata:
annotations:
service.beta.kubernetes.io/alibaba-cloud-loadbalancer-address-type: "intranet"
[...]
裸金屬伺服器上可選方案：
1）純軟體解決方案：MetalLB（https://metallb.universe.tf/）
該專案釋出於 2017 年底，當前處於 Beta 階段。
MetalLB支援兩種宣告模式：
- Layer 2模式：ARP/NDP
- BGP模式
Layer 2 模式
Layer 2模式下，每個service會有叢集中的一個node來負責。當服務客戶端發起ARP解析的時候，對應的node會響應該ARP請求，之後，該service的流量都會指向該node（看上去該node上有多個地址）。
Layer 2模式並不是真正的負載均衡，因為流量都會先經過1個node後，再通過kube-proxy轉給多個end points。如果該node故障，MetalLB會遷移 IP到另一個node，並重新傳送免費ARP告知客戶端遷移。現代作業系統基本都能正確處理免費ARP，因此failover不會產生太大問題。
Layer 2模式更為通用，不需要使用者有額外的裝置；但由於Layer 2模式使用ARP/ND，地址池分配需要跟客戶端在同一子網，地址分配略為繁瑣。
BGP模式
BGP模式下，叢集中所有node都會跟上聯路由器建立BGP連線，並且會告知路由器應該如何轉發service的流量。
BGP模式是真正的LoadBalancer。
2）通過NodePort
使用`NodePort`有一些侷限性
- Source IP address
預設情況下，NodePort型別的服務執行源地址轉換。這意味著HTTP請求的源IP始終是從NGINX側接收到該請求的Kubernetes節點的IP地址。
建議在NodePort設定中保留源IP的方法是將ingress-nginx的Service中spec的externalTrafficPolicy欄位的值設定為Local，如下面的例子：
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
annotations:
# by default the type is elb (classic load balancer).
service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-type: nlb
spec:
# this setting is t make sure the source IP address is preserved.
externalTrafficPolicy: Local
type: LoadBalancer
selector:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
targetPort: http
- name: https
port: 443
targetPort: https
注意：此設定有效地丟棄了傳送到未執行NGINX Ingress控制器任何例項的Kubernetes節點的資料包。考慮將NGINX Pod分配給特定節點，以控制應排程或不排程NGINX Ingress控制器的節點，可以通過nodeSelector實現。如果有三臺機器，但是隻有兩個 nginx 的 replica，分別部署在 node-2和 node-3，那麼當請求到 node-1 時，會因為在這臺機器上沒有執行 nginx 的 replica 而被丟棄。
給對應節點打標籤
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# kubectl label nodes centos7-d lb-type=nginx
node/centos7-d labeled
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# kubectl label nodes centos7-e lb-type=nginx
node/centos7-e labeled
3.16.2 安裝
本次實驗採用預設的方式：
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/master/deploy/static/provider/baremetal/deploy.yaml
如果需要進行修改，先下載到本地
[root@centos7-nginx yaml]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/master/deploy/static/provider/baremetal/deploy.yaml
[root@centos7-nginx yaml]# vim deploy.yaml
[root@centos7-nginx yaml]# kubectl apply -f deploy.yaml
namespace/ingress-nginx created
serviceaccount/ingress-nginx created
configmap/ingress-nginx-controller created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx created
service/ingress-nginx-controller-admission created
service/ingress-nginx-controller created
deployment.apps/ingress-nginx-controller created
validatingwebhookconfiguration.admissionregistration.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created
job.batch/ingress-nginx-admission-create created
job.batch/ingress-nginx-admission-patch created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created
serviceaccount/ingress-nginx-admission created
也可以先跑起來，在修改
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# kubectl edit deploy ingress-nginx-controller -n ingress-nginx
...
spec:
progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
replicas: 2 #----> 修改為 2 實現高可用
...
template:
...
spec:
nodeSelector: #----> 增加節點選擇器
lb-type: nginx #----> 匹配標籤
或者使用
[root@centos7-nginx yaml]# kubectl -n ingress-nginx patch deployment ingress-nginx-controller -p '{"spec": {"template": {"spec": {"nodeSelector": {"lb-type": "nginx"}}}}}'
deployment.apps/ingress-nginx-controller patched
[root@centos7-nginx yaml]# kubectl -n ingress-nginx scale --replicas=2 deployment/ingress-nginx-controller
deployment.apps/ingress-nginx-controller scaled
檢視 svc 狀態可以看到埠已經分配
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
ingress-nginx-controller NodePort 10.101.121.120 <none> 80:36459/TCP,443:33171/TCP 43m
ingress-nginx-controller-admission ClusterIP 10.111.108.89 <none> 443/TCP 43m
所有機器上的埠也已經開啟，為了防止請求被丟棄，建議將代理後的節點 ip 固定在已經打了lb-type=nginx的節點
[root@centos7-a ~]# netstat -ntpl |grep proxy
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:36459 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 69169/kube-proxy
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:33171 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 69169/kube-proxy
...
[root@centos7-d ~]# netstat -ntpl |grep proxy
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:36459 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 84181/kube-proxy
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:33171 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 84181/kube-proxy
[root@centos7-e ~]# netstat -ntpl |grep proxy
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:36459 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 74881/kube-proxy
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:33171 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 74881/kube-proxy
3.16.3 驗證
# 建立一個應用
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx-dns --image=nginx
deployment.apps/nginx-dns created
# 建立 svc
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx-dns --port=80
service/nginx-dns exposed
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 1/1 Running 29 29h
nginx-dns-5c6b6b99df-qvnjh 1/1 Running 0 13s
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 3d5h
nginx-dns ClusterIP 10.108.88.75 <none> 80/TCP 10s
# 建立 ingress 檔案並執行
[root@centos7-nginx yaml]# vim ingress.yaml
[root@centos7-nginx yaml]# cat ingress.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx-dns
namespace: default
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
spec:
rules:
- host: ng.5179.top
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: nginx-dns
servicePort: 80
[root@centos7-nginx yaml]# kubectl apply -f ingress.yaml
ingress.extensions/ingress-nginx-dns created
[root@centos7-nginx yaml]# kubectl get ingress
NAME CLASS HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
ingress-nginx-dns <none> ng.5179.top 80 9s
先將日誌刷起來
[root@centos7-nginx yaml]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 1/1 Running 30 30h
nginx-dns-5c6b6b99df-qvnjh 1/1 Running 0 28m
[root@centos7-nginx yaml]# kubectl logs -f nginx-dns-5c6b6b99df-qvnjh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
10.244.3.123 - - [20/Jun/2020:12:58:20 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "10.244.4.0"
後端 Pod 中 nginx 的日誌格式為
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
另起一個終端進行訪問
[root@centos7-a ~]# curl -H 'Host:ng.5179.top' http://10.10.10.132:36459 -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.19.0
Date: Sat, 20 Jun 2020 12:58:27 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Last-Modified: Tue, 26 May 2020 15:00:20 GMT
ETag: "5ecd2f04-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
可以看到日誌10.244.3.123 - - [20/Jun/2020:12:58:20 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "10.244.4.0"
然後我們可以配置前端的 LB
[root@centos7-nginx conf.d]# vim ng.conf
[root@centos7-nginx conf.d]# cat ng.conf
upstream nginx-dns{
ip_hash;
server 10.10.10.131:36459 ;
server 10.10.10.132:36459;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name ng.5179.top;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
proxy_pass http://nginx-dns;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
# 新增內部解析
[root@centos7-nginx conf.d]# vim /etc/hosts
[root@centos7-nginx conf.d]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.10.10.127 centos7-nginx lb.5179.top ng.5179.top
10.10.10.128 centos7-a
10.10.10.129 centos7-b
10.10.10.130 centos7-c
10.10.10.131 centos7-d
10.10.10.132 centos7-e
# 重啟 nginx
[root@centos7-nginx conf.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos7-nginx conf.d]# nginx -s reload
訪問該域名
[root@centos7-nginx conf.d]# curl http://ng.5179.top -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.16.1
Date: Sat, 20 Jun 2020 13:07:38 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Last-Modified: Tue, 26 May 2020 15:00:20 GMT
ETag: "5ecd2f04-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
後端也能正常收到日誌
10.244.4.17 - - [20/Jun/2020:13:22:11 +0000] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 0 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "10.244.4.1
$remote_addr ---> 10.244.4.17：為某一臺 ingress-nginx 的 nginx_IP
$http_x_forwarded_for ---> 10.244.4.1：為節點上的 cni0 網路卡 IP
[root@centos7-nginx conf.d]# kubectl get pods -n ingress-nginx -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
ingress-nginx-admission-create-tqp5w 0/1 Completed 0 112m 10.244.3.119 centos7-d <none> <none>
ingress-nginx-admission-patch-78jmf 0/1 Completed 0 112m 10.244.3.120 centos7-d <none> <none>
ingress-nginx-controller-5946fd499c-6cx4x 1/1 Running 0 11m 10.244.3.125 centos7-d <none> <none>
ingress-nginx-controller-5946fd499c-khjdn 1/1 Running 0 11m 10.244.4.17 centos7-e <none> <none>
修改 ingress-nginx-controller 的 svc
[root@centos7-nginx conf.d]# kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
ingress-nginx-controller NodePort 10.101.121.120 <none> 80:36459/TCP,443:33171/TCP 97m
ingress-nginx-controller-admission ClusterIP 10.111.108.89 <none> 443/TCP 97m
[root@centos7-nginx conf.d]# kubectl edit svc ingress-nginx-controller -n ingress-nginx
...
spec:
clusterIP: 10.101.121.120
externalTrafficPolicy: Cluster #---> 修改為 Local
...
service/ingress-nginx-controller edited
再次訪問
[root@centos7-nginx conf.d]# curl http://ng.5179.top -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.16.1
Date: Sat, 20 Jun 2020 13:28:05 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Last-Modified: Tue, 26 May 2020 15:00:20 GMT
ETag: "5ecd2f04-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
# 檢視本機網路卡 IP
[root@centos7-nginx conf.d]# ip addr show ens33
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:38:d4:e3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.10.10.127/24 brd 10.10.10.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe38:d4e3/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
nginx的日誌($http_x_forwarded_for)已經記錄了客戶端的真實IP
10.244.4.17 - - [20/Jun/2020:13:28:05 +0000] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 0 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "10.10.10.127"
3.16.4 執行多個 ingress
注意：如果要執行多個 ingress ，一個服務於公共流量，一個服務於“內部”流量。為此，必須將選項--ingress-class更改為控制器定義內群集的唯一值。
spec:
template:
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx-ingress-internal-controller
args:
- /nginx-ingress-controller
- '--election-id=ingress-controller-leader-internal'
- '--ingress-class=nginx-internal'
- '--configmap=ingress/nginx-ingress-internal-controller'
需要建立單獨的Configmap、Service、Deployment的檔案，其他與預設安裝的 ingress 共用即可
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
name: ingress-nginx-internal-controller # 修改名字
namespace: ingress-nginx
data:
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
name: ingress-nginx-internal-controller # 修改名字
namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
protocol: TCP
targetPort: http
- name: https
port: 443
protocol: TCP
targetPort: https
selector:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
name: ingress-nginx-internal-controller # 修改名字
namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
minReadySeconds: 0
template:
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
spec:
dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
containers:
- name: controller
#image: quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.33.0
image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/liyongjian5179/nginx-ingress-controller:0.33.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
lifecycle:
preStop:
exec:
command:
- /wait-shutdown
args:
- /nginx-ingress-controller
- --election-id=ingress-controller-leader-internal
- --ingress-class=nginx-internal
- --configmap=ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx-internal-controller
- --validating-webhook=:8443
- --validating-webhook-certificate=/usr/local/certificates/cert
- --validating-webhook-key=/usr/local/certificates/key
securityContext:
capabilities:
drop:
- ALL
add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
runAsUser: 101
allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 10254
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 10
periodSeconds: 10
timeoutSeconds: 1
successThreshold: 1
failureThreshold: 3
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 10254
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 10
periodSeconds: 10
timeoutSeconds: 1
successThreshold: 1
failureThreshold: 3
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
protocol: TCP
- name: https
containerPort: 443
protocol: TCP
- name: webhook
containerPort: 8443
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- name: webhook-cert
mountPath: /usr/local/certificates/
readOnly: true
resources:
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 90Mi
serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
volumes:
- name: webhook-cert
secret:
secretName: ingress-nginx-admission
然後執行即可，然後還需要在原配置檔案中的 Role中新增一行資訊
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-role.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
...
name: ingress-nginx
namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
...
- apiGroups:
- ''
resources:
- configmaps
resourceNames:
# Defaults to "<election-id>-<ingress-class>"
# Here: "<ingress-controller-leader>-<nginx>"
# This has to be adapted if you change either parameter
# when launching the nginx-ingress-controller.
- ingress-controller-leader-nginx
- ingress-controller-leader-internal-nginx-internal #此處要增加一行,如果不加，會出現下面的報錯
verbs:
- get
- update
上述所說，如果不新增，ingress-controller 的 nginx 會出現這個報錯資訊
E0621 08:25:07.531202 6 leaderelection.go:356] Failed to update lock: configmaps "ingress-controller-leader-internal-nginx-internal" is forbidden: User "system:serviceaccount:ingress-nginx:ingress-nginx" cannot update resource "configmaps" in API group "" in the namespace "ingress-nginx"
然後修改 ingress 檔案
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: nginx
annotations:
# 注意這裡要設定為您前面配置的 INGRESS_CLASS，比如：nginx-internal
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "<YOUR_INGRESS_CLASS>"
示例:
[root@centos7-nginx yaml]# kubectl apply -f ingress-internal.yaml
ingress.extensions/ingress-nginx-dns-internal created
[root@centos7-nginx yaml]# cat ingress-internal.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx-dns-internal
# namespace: default
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx-internal"
spec:
rules:
- host: ng-inter.5179.top
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: nginx-dns
servicePort: 80
[root@centos7-nginx yaml]# kubectl get ingress
NAME CLASS HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
ingress-nginx-dns <none> ng.5179.top 10.10.10.131 80 47m
ingress-nginx-dns-internal <none> ng-inter.5179.top 10.10.10.131,10.10.10.132 80 32s
在 nginx 的配置檔案中增加
[root@centos7-nginx yaml]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/ng.conf
upstream nginx-dns{
ip_hash;
server 10.10.10.131:31511;
server 10.10.10.132:31511;
}
upstream nginx-dns-inter{
ip_hash;
server 10.10.10.131:40377;
server 10.10.10.132:40377;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name ng.5179.top;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
proxy_pass http://nginx-dns;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name ng-inter.5179.top;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
proxy_pass http://nginx-dns-inter/;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
重啟後新增本地解析，然後訪問即可
[root@centos7-nginx yaml]# curl http://ng-inter.5179.top -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.16.1
Date: Sun, 21 Jun 2020 09:07:12 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Last-Modified: Tue, 26 May 2020 15:00:20 GMT
ETag: "5ecd2f04-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
[root@centos7-nginx yaml]# curl http://ng.5179.top -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.16.1
Date: Sun, 21 Jun 2020 09:07:17 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Last-Modified: Tue, 26 May 2020 15:00:20 GMT
ETag: "5ecd2f04-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
3.17 安裝 prometheus-operator
3.17.1 下載安裝
使用 prometheus-operator 進行安裝.
地址如下https://github.com/coreos/kube-prometheus
根據 Readme.md 進行版本的選擇，本次 k8s 安裝的是 1.18 ，所以 prometheus 選的分支為 release-0.5
git clone https://github.com/coreos/kube-prometheus.git -b release-0.5
cd kube-prometheus
# Create the namespace and CRDs, and then wait for them to be availble before creating the remaining resources
kubectl create -f manifests/setup
until kubectl get servicemonitors --all-namespaces ; do date; sleep 1; echo ""; done
kubectl create -f manifests/
為了遠端訪問方便，建立了 ingress
[root@centos7-a ingress]# cat ingress-grafana.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-grafana
namespace: monitoring
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
spec:
rules:
- host: grafana.5179.top
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: grafana
servicePort: 3000
[root@centos7-a ingress]# cat ingress-prometheus.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-prometheus
namespace: monitoring
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
spec:
rules:
- host: prometheus.5179.top
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: prometheus-k8s
servicePort: 9090
[root@centos7-a ingress]# cat ingress-alertmanager.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-alertmanager
namespace: monitoring
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
spec:
rules:
- host: alertmanager.5179.top
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: alertmanager-main
servicePort: 9093
檢視 ingress
[root@centos7-a ingress]# kubectl get ingress -A
NAMESPACE NAME CLASS HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
monitoring ingress-alertmanager <none> alertmanager.5179.top 10.10.10.129 80 3m6s
monitoring ingress-grafana <none> grafana.5179.top 10.10.10.129 80 3m6s
monitoring ingress-prometheus <none> prometheus.5179.top 10.10.10.129 80 3m6s
3.17.2 遇到的坑
1) kube-scheduler和kube-controller-manager 的target 為 0/0
二進位制部署k8s管理元件和新版本 kubeadm 部署的都會發現在prometheus status 下的 target 頁面上發現kube-controller-manager和kube-scheduler的 target 為0/0。因為 serviceMonitor是根據 label 去選取 svc的，可以檢視對應的serviceMonitor是選取的ns範圍是kube-system
解決辦法：
檢視endpoint 兩者的endpoint為 none
[root@centos7-a kube-prometheus]# kubectl get endpoints -n kube-system
NAME ENDPOINTS AGE
kube-controller-manager <none> 7m35s
kube-dns 10.244.43.2:53,10.244.62.2:53,10.244.43.2:9153 + 3 more... 4m10s
kube-scheduler <none> 7m31s
kubelet 10.10.10.129:4194,10.10.10.132:4194,10.10.10.128:4194 + 12 more... 22s
檢視兩者的埠
[root@centos7-a kube-prometheus]# ss -tnlp| grep scheduler
LISTEN 0 32768 :::10251 :::* users:(("kube-scheduler",pid=60128,fd=5))
LISTEN 0 32768 :::10259 :::* users:(("kube-scheduler",pid=60128,fd=7))
[root@centos7-a kube-prometheus]# ss -tnlp| grep contro
LISTEN 0 32768 :::10252 :::* users:(("kube-controller",pid=59695,fd=6))
LISTEN 0 32768 :::10257 :::* users:(("kube-controller",pid=59695,fd=7))
建立檔案並執行
[root@centos7-a yaml]# cat schedulerandcontroller-ep-svc.yaml
# cat kube-scheduer-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-scheduler
name: kube-scheduler
namespace: kube-system
spec:
clusterIP: None
ports:
- name: https-metrics
port: 10259
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 10259
- name: http-metrics
port: 10251
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 10251
type: ClusterIP
---
# cat kube-controller-manager-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-controller-manager
name: kube-controller-manager
namespace: kube-system
spec:
clusterIP: None
ports:
- name: https-metrics
port: 10257
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 10257
- name: http-metrics
port: 10252
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 10252
type: ClusterIP
---
# cat ep-controller-manager.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-controller-manager
name: kube-controller-manager
namespace: kube-system
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
subsets:
- addresses:
- ip: 10.10.10.128
targetRef:
kind: Node
name: 10.10.10.128
- ip: 10.10.10.129
targetRef:
kind: Node
name: 10.10.10.129
- ip: 10.10.10.130
targetRef:
kind: Node
name: 10.10.10.130
ports:
- name: http-metrics
port: 10252
protocol: TCP
- name: https-metrics
port: 10257
protocol: TCP
---
# cat ep-scheduler.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-scheduler
name: kube-scheduler
namespace: kube-system
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
subsets:
- addresses:
- ip: 10.10.10.128
targetRef:
kind: Node
name: 10.10.10.128
- ip: 10.10.10.129
targetRef:
kind: Node
name: 10.10.10.129
- ip: 10.10.10.130
targetRef:
kind: Node
name: 10.10.10.130
ports:
- name: http-metrics
port: 10251
protocol: TCP
- name: https-metrics
port: 10259
protocol: TCP
2) node-exporter的 target 顯示（3/5）
有兩個有問題的 Node，同時檢視 kubectl top node 也發現問題，節點資料看不到
[root@centos7--a kube-prometheus]# kubectl top nodes
NAME CPU(cores) CPU% MEMORY(bytes) MEMORY%
10.10.10.129 110m 5% 1360Mi 36%
10.10.10.128 114m 5% 1569Mi 42%
10.10.10.130 101m 5% 1342Mi 36%
10.10.10.132 <unknown> <unknown> <unknown> <unknown>
10.10.10.131 <unknown> <unknown> <unknown> <unknown>
解決辦法：
檢視問題節點所對應的 Pod
[root@centos7--a kube-prometheus]# kubectl get pods -o custom-columns='NAME:metadata.name,NODE:spec.nodeName' -n monitoring |grep node
node-exporter-2fqt5 10.10.10.130
node-exporter-fxqxb 10.10.10.129
node-exporter-pbq28 10.10.10.132
node-exporter-tvw5j 10.10.10.128
node-exporter-znp6k 10.10.10.131
檢視日誌
[root@centos7--a kube-prometheus]# kubectl logs -f node-exporter-znp6k -n monitoring -c kube-rbac-proxy
I0627 02:58:01.947861 53400 main.go:213] Generating self signed cert as no cert is provided
I0627 02:58:44.246733 53400 main.go:243] Starting TCP socket on [10.10.10.131]:9100
I0627 02:58:44.346251 53400 main.go:250] Listening securely on [10.10.10.131]:9100
E0627 02:59:27.246742 53400 webhook.go:106] Failed to make webhook authenticator request: Post https://10.96.0.1:443/apis/authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1/tokenreviews: dial tcp 10.96.0.1:443: i/o timeout
E0627 02:59:27.247585 53400 proxy.go:67] Unable to authenticate the request due to an error: Post https://10.96.0.1:443/apis/authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1/tokenreviews: dial tcp 10.96.0.1:443: i/o timeout
E0627 02:59:42.160199 53400 webhook.go:106] Failed to make webhook authenticator request: Post https://10.96.0.1:443/apis/authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1/tokenreviews: dial tcp 10.96.0.1:443: i/o timeout
一直在報連線 10.96.0.1:443 超時，像是 kubernetes 在回包的時候，無法建立連線，
兩種解決辦法：
- 在問題節點加入一條防火牆命令（不推薦）
iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -s 10.96.0.0/12 -j MASQUERADE
- 修改 kube-proxy 配置檔案，改成正確的 cluster-CIDR (推薦)
再次檢視已經正常了
[root@centos7--a kube-prometheus]# kubectl top nodes
NAME CPU(cores) CPU% MEMORY(bytes) MEMORY%
10.10.10.129 109m 5% 1362Mi 36%
10.10.10.132 65m 3% 1118Mi 30%
10.10.10.128 175m 8% 1581Mi 42%
10.10.10.130 118m 5% 1344Mi 36%
10.10.10.131 60m 3% 829Mi 22%
實際排查後發現，是 kube-proxy 的 clusterCIDR寫成了 service 的網段。
clusterCIDR: kube-proxy 根據 --cluster-cidr 判斷叢集內部和外部流量，指定 --cluster-cidr 或 --masquerade-all選項後 kube-proxy 才會對訪問 Service IP 的請求做 SNAT；
3.17.3 監控 etcd
除了 Kubernetes 叢集中的一些資源物件、節點以及元件需要監控，有的時候我們可能還需要根據實際的業務需求去新增自定義的監控項，新增一個自定義監控的步驟如下：
- 第一步建立一個 ServiceMonitor 物件，用於 Prometheus 新增監控項
- 第二步為 ServiceMonitor 物件關聯 metrics 資料介面的一個 Service 物件
- 第三步確保 Service 物件可以正確獲取到 metrics 資料
對於 etcd 叢集一般情況下，為了安全都會開啟 https 證書認證的方式，所以要想讓 Prometheus 訪問到 etcd 叢集的監控資料，就需要提供相應的證書校驗。
首先我們將需要使用到的證書通過 secret 物件儲存到叢集中去：(在 etcd 執行的節點)
[root@centos7--a ssl]# pwd
/opt/etcd/ssl
[root@centos7--a ssl]# kubectl -n monitoring create secret generic etcd-certs --from-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem --from-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem --from-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
secret/etcd-certs created
Prometheus配置檔案，將上面建立的 etcd-certs 物件配置到 prometheus 資源物件中
[root@centos7--a manifests]# pwd
/root/kube-prometheus/manifests
[root@centos7--a manifests]# vim prometheus-prometheus.yaml
replicas: 2
secrets:
- etcd-certs
[root@centos7--a manifests]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-prometheus.yaml
prometheus.monitoring.coreos.com/k8s configured
進入 pod 內檢視證書是否存在
#等到pod重啟後,進入pod檢視是否可以看到證書
[root@centos7--a kube-prometheus]# kubectl exec -it prometheus-k8s-0 -n monitoring -- sh
Defaulting container name to prometheus.
Use 'kubectl describe pod/prometheus-k8s-0 -n monitoring' to see all of the containers in this pod.
/prometheus $ ls /etc/prometheus/secrets/
etcd-certs
/prometheus $ ls /etc/prometheus/secrets/ -l
total 0
drwxrwsrwt 3 root 2000 140 Jun 27 04:59 etcd-certs
/prometheus $ ls /etc/prometheus/secrets/etcd-certs/ -l
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Jun 27 04:59 ca.pem -> ..data/ca.pem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Jun 27 04:59 server-key.pem -> ..data/server-key.pem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Jun 27 04:59 server.pem -> ..data/server.pem
建立 ServiceMonitor
現在 Prometheus 訪問 etcd 叢集的證書已經準備好了，接下來建立 ServiceMonitor 物件即可（prometheus-serviceMonitorEtcd.yaml）
$ vim prometheus-serviceMonitorEtcd.yaml
apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: ServiceMonitor
metadata:
name: etcd-k8s
namespace: monitoring
labels:
k8s-app: etcd-k8s
spec:
jobLabel: k8s-app
endpoints:
- port: port
interval: 30s
scheme: https
tlsConfig:
caFile: /etc/prometheus/secrets/etcd-certs/ca.pem
certFile: /etc/prometheus/secrets/etcd-certs/server.pem
keyFile: /etc/prometheus/secrets/etcd-certs/server-key.pem
insecureSkipVerify: true
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: etcd
namespaceSelector:
matchNames:
- kube-system
$ kubectl apply -f prometheus-serviceMonitorEtcd.yaml
上面我們在 monitoring 名稱空間下面建立了名為 etcd-k8s 的 ServiceMonitor
物件，匹配 kube-system 這個名稱空間下面的具有 k8s-app=etcd 這個 label 標籤的
Service，jobLabel 表示用於檢索 job 任務名稱的標籤，和前面不太一樣的地方是 endpoints 屬性的寫法，配置上訪問
etcd 的相關證書，endpoints 屬性下面可以配置很多抓取的引數，比如 relabel、proxyUrl，tlsConfig
表示用於配置抓取監控資料端點的 tls 認證，由於證書 serverName 和 etcd 中籤發的可能不匹配，所以加上了
insecureSkipVerify=true
建立 Service
ServiceMonitor 建立完成了，但是現在還沒有關聯的對應的 Service 物件，所以需要我們去手動建立一個 Service 物件（prometheus-etcdService.yaml）：
$ vim prometheus-etcdService.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: etcd-k8s
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: etcd
spec:
type: ClusterIP
clusterIP: None
ports:
- name: port
port: 2379
protocol: TCP
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
name: etcd-k8s
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: etcd
subsets:
- addresses:
- ip: 10.10.10.128
- ip: 10.10.10.129
- ip: 10.10.10.130
ports:
- name: port
port: 2379
protocol: TCP
$ kubectl apply -f prometheus-etcdService.yaml
等待一會兒就可以看到 target 已經包含了
資料採集到後，可以在 grafana 中匯入編號為3070的 dashboard，獲取到 etcd 的監控圖表。
3.18 為遠端 kubectl 準備管理員證書
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# cd ssl/
[root@centos7-nginx ssl]# cat admin.kubeconfig > ~/.kube/config
[root@centos7-nginx ssl]# vim ~/.kube/config
[root@centos7-nginx ssl]# kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
3.19 給節點打上角色標籤
預設裝完在角色這列顯示 <none>
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
centos7-a Ready <none> 32h v1.18.3
centos7-b Ready <none> 32h v1.18.3
centos7-c Ready <none> 32h v1.18.3
centos7-d Ready <none> 21m v1.18.3
centos7-e Ready <none> 20m v1.18.3
執行如下命令即可：
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# kubectl label nodes centos7-a node-role.kubernetes.io/master=
node/centos7-a labeled
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# kubectl label nodes centos7-b node-role.kubernetes.io/master=
node/centos7-b labeled
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# kubectl label nodes centos7-c node-role.kubernetes.io/master=
node/centos7-c labeled
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# kubectl label nodes centos7-d node-role.kubernetes.io/node=
node/centos7-d labeled
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# kubectl label nodes centos7-e node-role.kubernetes.io/node=
node/centos7-e labeled
再次檢視
[root@centos7-nginx ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
centos7-a Ready master 32h v1.18.3
centos7-b Ready master 32h v1.18.3
centos7-c Ready master 32h v1.18.3
centos7-d Ready node 23m v1.18.3
centos7-e Ready node 22m v1.18.3
3.20 測試在節點上執行維護工作
驅逐並使節點不可排程
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# kubectl drain centos7-d --ignore-daemonsets=true --delete-local-data=true --force=true
node/centos7-d cordoned
evicting pod kube-system/coredns-6fdfb45d56-pvnzt
pod/coredns-6fdfb45d56-pvnzt evicted
node/centos7-d evicted
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
centos7-a Ready master 47h v1.18.3
centos7-b Ready master 47h v1.18.3
centos7-c Ready master 47h v1.18.3
centos7-d Ready,SchedulingDisabled node 15h v1.18.3
centos7-e Ready node 15h v1.18.3
重新使節點可排程：
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# kubectl uncordon centos7-d
node/centos7-d uncordoned
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
centos7-a Ready master 47h v1.18.3
centos7-b Ready master 47h v1.18.3
centos7-c Ready master 47h v1.18.3
centos7-d Ready node 15h v1.18.3
centos7-e Ready node 15h v1.18.3
3.21 使 master 節點不執行pod
master節點最好是不要作為node使用，也不推薦做node節點，
在該叢集中需要打下標籤node-role.kubernetes.io/master=:NoSchedule才能實現
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# kubectl taint nodes centos7-a node-role.kubernetes.io/master=:NoSchedule
node/centos7-a tainted
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# kubectl taint nodes centos7-b node-role.kubernetes.io/master=:NoSchedule
node/centos7-b tainted
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# kubectl taint nodes centos7-c node-role.kubernetes.io/master=:NoSchedule
node/centos7-c tainted
部署一個 nginx 的 deploy 進行驗證
# 建立一個 deployment
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# kubectl create deployment nginx-dns --image=nginx
deployment.apps/nginx-dns created
# 修改副本數為 3
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# kubectl patch deployment nginx-dns -p '{"spec":{"replicas":3}}'
deployment.apps/nginx-dns patched
# 檢視位置分佈
[root@centos7-nginx scripts]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
busybox 1/1 Running 0 14m 10.244.3.113 centos7-d <none> <none>
nginx-dns-5c6b6b99df-6k4qv 1/1 Running 0 2m8s 10.244.3.116 centos7-d <none> <none>
nginx-dns-5c6b6b99df-88lcr 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 6s <none> centos7-d <none> <none>
nginx-dns-5c6b6b99df-c2nnc 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 6s <none> centos7-e <none> <none>
如果需要把master當node:
kubectl taint nodes centos7-a node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
4 FAQ
4.1 解決無法查詢pods日誌問題
[root@centos7-b cfg]# kubectl exec -it nginx -- bash
error: unable to upgrade connection: Forbidden (user=kubernetes, verb=create, resource=nodes, subresource=proxy)
[root@centos7-b cfg]# kubectl logs -f nginx
Error from server (Forbidden): Forbidden (user=kubernetes, verb=get, resource=nodes, subresource=proxy) ( pods/log nginx)
$ vim ~/yaml/apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yml
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: kubelet-api-admin
subjects:
- kind: User
name: kubernetes
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kubelet-api-admin
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
# 應用
$ kubectl apply -f ~/yaml/apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yml
[root@centos7-a ~]# kubectl logs -f nginx
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
10.244.2.1 - - [17/Jun/2020:02:45:59 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
10.244.2.1 - - [17/Jun/2020:02:46:09 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
10.244.2.1 - - [17/Jun/2020:02:46:12 +0000] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 0 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
10.244.2.1 - - [17/Jun/2020:02:46:13 +0000] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 0 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
5 參考
Prometheus Operator 監控 etcd 叢集： https://www.qikqiak.com/post/prometheus-operator-monitor-etcd/
Kubernetes v1.18.2 二進位制高可用部署: https://www.yp14.cn/2020/05/19/Kubernetes-v1-18-2-二進位制高可用部署/