[轉]SAP 物料帳 WIP計算啟用

請參考http://sapper.blog.sohu.com/129194637.html

其實WIP透過配置也可以實施差異分攤的。詳細參考Note 608162。

另外，如果不實施ML很難實現生產訂單的實際成本。因為下層物料如果採用標準價格，則物料投入生產時的成本是標準價，ML也不會更新生產訂單的物料的實際成本到生產訂單，所以需要開發一個報表，把物料的實際成本從ML取得後，才能計算出生產訂單的實際成本。

如果在ECC6中使用了成本中心消耗，還會有下面的問題。

如果對生產的成本中心做重估會影響生產成本中心的作業價格。因為月結步驟先做成本中心結算，再做生產訂單結算，最後做ML結算。當ML結算後會重估過帳到生產成本中心，這樣生產成本中心餘額就不為零了。

在4.6中，價格差異可以在庫存和消耗間分配，如：生產投料，工廠間轉移，物料轉換（309）和庫存。但不能把差異分攤到銷售，成本中心，內部訂單，project, PA segment.scrap 和quality inspection.

在4.7及以後版本中，可透過配置實施銷售，成本中心等更新。

ECC6中，即使沒有配置相關movement group，銷售的差異，只要在CKMLCP中執行了Revaluation of Consumption，差異就會分配到銷售中去。但成本中心等需要配置。

Note 608162。

Symptom

You want to activate the WIP revaluation function in the material ledger. To do this you need to enter a password.

Other terms

CNACT; OMXW

Reason and Prerequisites

The WIP revaluation was developed as a country-specific solution for Brazil. As of Release R/3 Enterprise Extension Set 2.00 this function is now integrated in the SAP Standard System. However, SAP decided to only release the WIP revaluation function with restrictions. This is because of the following reasons:

• The function was developed on the basis of Brazilian legal requirements. Possible legal requirements of other countries were not taken into account.

• The function is not complete for some processings (see the restrictions below).

The 'Release with restrictions' status means that:

• There are no release notes.

• The individual functions cannot be executed in IMG or in the SAP application menu but rather only via the transaction code.

• The documentation of the Knowledge Warehouse can only be accessed from the transactions via the 'Application Help' menu.

• You need a password to activate the WIP revaluation in the Customizing. An information message in the Customizing refers to this note. This is to ensure that every user is aware of this information.

Restrictions and special features of the WIP revaluation function are described in detail here:

1. The revaluation of the work in process is carried out for actual costs and not for valuation approaches which are tax-based or on the balance sheet.

2. Restriction from the Profit Center Accounting view:
The revaluation of the work in process for actual prices is component-oriented, not product-oriented. This means: The WIP revaluation is an additional posting for the standard posting of the work in process. It contains the variances that result from the actual price, which deviates from the standard price, for components and activities consumed for the work in process. However, this additional posting occurs on profit centers and business areas of the components or activities, while the standard posting of the work in process occurs on the profit center and business area of the product or order.

3. The calculation of the WIP quantities for the components and activities is based on the existing 'WIP for Actual Costs' and 'WIP for Planned Costs' procedures of the SAP standard system. This means that the special features of the two procedures are also reflected in the WIP quantities calculated. For example, unplanned excess consumptions in the 'WIP at Actual Costs' procedure are completely assigned to the work in process, whereas they are completely assigned to the variances in the 'WIP for Planned Costs' procedure.

4. The overhead rates in the work in process remain unchanged and are not calculated on the updated basis.

5. Inaccuracies occur in the manufacture of joint products if the main product and the joint product have different percentages of completion. The allocation of the variances to the partially delivered main and joint product or to the work in process occurs in the material ledger as if main and joint product had the same (averaged between the actual values) percentage of completion. This leads to an inaccuracy during the apportionment of the variances to be allocated to the main and joint product.
However, the inaccuracy described here occurs within the framework of the other inaccuracies occurring in connection with the manufacture of joint products in the material ledger.

Solution

The password for the activation is 'WPSOLUTION'.

The following individual functions of the WIP revaluation can be called via transaction code:
Transaction code Individual function
OMXW Activate WIP revaluation
COMLWIPDOC Display WIP quantity document
COMLWIPDISP WIP report for Actual Costs
CKMACD Value flow display for activity types
CKMREDWIP Value flow display for reduced WIP
COMLWIPARCH Archive WIP quantity documents
CKMARCHWIP Archive WIP for Actual Costs (period records)

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