pyqt5例項——pycharm實現猜數遊戲

1. 設計介面

如下所示，利用QTdesigner設計的介面：

然後將設計好的介面轉換為.py檔案：

guess_number.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'guess_number.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.2
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again.  Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.


from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(580, 328)
        icon = QtGui.QIcon()
        icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("../../../Icon/Comment.svg"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
        icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("../../../Icon/Comment.svg"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.On)
        icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("../../../Icon/Comment.svg"), QtGui.QIcon.Disabled, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
        icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("../../../Icon/Comment.svg"), QtGui.QIcon.Disabled, QtGui.QIcon.On)
        icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("../../../Icon/Comment.svg"), QtGui.QIcon.Active, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
        icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("../../../Icon/Comment.svg"), QtGui.QIcon.Active, QtGui.QIcon.On)
        icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("../../../Icon/Comment.svg"), QtGui.QIcon.Selected, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
        icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("../../../Icon/Comment.svg"), QtGui.QIcon.Selected, QtGui.QIcon.On)
        MainWindow.setWindowIcon(icon)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.gridLayout_4 = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.gridLayout_4.setObjectName("gridLayout_4")
        spacerItem = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(20, 50, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        self.gridLayout_4.addItem(spacerItem, 0, 1, 1, 1)
        spacerItem1 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(181, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
        self.gridLayout_4.addItem(spacerItem1, 1, 3, 1, 1)
        spacerItem2 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(180, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
        self.gridLayout_4.addItem(spacerItem2, 1, 0, 1, 1)
        self.gridLayout_3 = QtWidgets.QGridLayout()
        self.gridLayout_3.setObjectName("gridLayout_3")
        spacerItem3 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(17, 37, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        self.gridLayout_3.addItem(spacerItem3, 0, 2, 1, 1)
        self.gridLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QGridLayout()
        self.gridLayout_2.setObjectName("gridLayout_2")
        self.button = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.button.setObjectName("button")
        self.gridLayout_2.addWidget(self.button, 2, 1, 1, 1)
        self.inputnumber = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
        self.inputnumber.setObjectName("inputnumber")
        self.gridLayout_2.addWidget(self.inputnumber, 0, 0, 1, 3)
        spacerItem4 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
        self.gridLayout_2.addItem(spacerItem4, 2, 2, 1, 1)
        spacerItem5 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
        self.gridLayout_2.addItem(spacerItem5, 2, 0, 1, 1)
        spacerItem6 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(20, 40, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        self.gridLayout_2.addItem(spacerItem6, 1, 1, 1, 1)
        self.gridLayout_3.addLayout(self.gridLayout_2, 1, 1, 2, 2)
        spacerItem7 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(37, 17, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
        self.gridLayout_3.addItem(spacerItem7, 1, 3, 1, 1)
        spacerItem8 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(37, 17, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
        self.gridLayout_3.addItem(spacerItem8, 1, 0, 1, 1)
        spacerItem9 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(17, 37, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        self.gridLayout_3.addItem(spacerItem9, 3, 1, 1, 1)
        self.gridLayout_4.addLayout(self.gridLayout_3, 1, 1, 1, 2)
        spacerItem10 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(20, 49, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        self.gridLayout_4.addItem(spacerItem10, 2, 2, 1, 1)
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 580, 28))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "猜數遊戲"))
        self.button.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "我猜"))
        self.inputnumber.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "在這裡輸入數字"))

2.對ui介面的功能具體實現

如果直接使用生成好的.py檔案使用起來不是很方便，修改介面以後重新生成的.py檔案會直接覆蓋，這裡我採用一個新類直接獲取前面設計好的介面從而實現演算法與介面程式分離，先上程式碼。

main.py

import sys
import guess_number
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QMessageBox, QWidget
from random import randint


class guess_ui(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        # get ui from guess_number
        super().__init__()
        self.num = randint(1, 100)
        self.MainWindow = QMainWindow()
        self.InitUI()

    def InitUI(self):
        ui = guess_number.Ui_MainWindow()
        ui.setupUi(self)
        button = self.findChild(QWidget, 'button')
        button.clicked.connect(self.show_message)
        self.show()
        # self.MainWindow.show()

    def show_message(self):
        inputnumber = self.findChild(QWidget, 'inputnumber')
        guessnumber = int(inputnumber.text())
        print(guessnumber)
        if guessnumber > self.num:
            QMessageBox.about(self, 'see the result', 'bigger!')
            inputnumber.setFocus()
        elif guessnumber < self.num:
            QMessageBox.about(self, 'see the result', 'smaller!')
            inputnumber.setFocus()
        else:
            QMessageBox.about(self, 'see the result', 'true')
            self.num = randint(1, 100)
            inputnumber.clear()
            inputnumber.setFocus()

    def closeEvent(self, event):
        reply = QMessageBox.question(self, 'confirm', 'Are you sure?', QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No)
        if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
            event.accept()
        else:
            event.ignore()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    guess = guess_ui()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

3.對部分程式碼的解析

class guess_ui(QMainWindow):

將此類直接從QMainWindow繼承過來可以實現對QT事件的重寫，事件重現程式碼如下：

    def closeEvent(self, event):
        reply = QMessageBox.question(self, 'confirm', 'Are you sure?', QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No)
        if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
            event.accept()
        else:
            event.ignore()

在介面檔案中按鈕的定義是直接add進去的，所以定義某個控制元件功能首先要獲取該控制元件，程式碼如下所示：

button = self.findChild(QWidget, 'button')