LinkedList
List中除了ArrayList最常用以外,LinkedList也比較常見,而且這兩種list的實現方式不一樣,具體實現看一下原始碼很容易就理解了(以下原始碼來自jdk1.8.0_20)
繼承結構
public class LinkedList<E>
extends AbstractSequentialList<E>
implements List<E>, Deque<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
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LinkedList繼承了AbstractSequentialList,實現了List介面、Deque介面和java.io.Serializable介面,從它的繼承機構就能看出它是一種佇列的實現方式。
成員變數
-
大小size
transient int size = 0;
-
第一個節點
transient Node<E> first;
-
最後一個節點
transient Node<E> last;
Node結構
Node中儲存了當前元素、前一個節點以及後一個節點。
private static class Node<E> {
E item;
Node<E> next;
Node<E> prev;
Node(Node<E> prev, E element, Node<E> next) {
this.item = element;
this.next = next;
this.prev = prev;
}
}
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建構函式
LinkedList有一個空參建構函式和一個集合引數建構函式。
public LinkedList() {
}
public LinkedList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
this();
addAll(c); //把集合中所有節點新增到list中
}
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public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
return addAll(size, c);
}
public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
checkPositionIndex(index); //檢查下標合法性
Object[] a = c.toArray(); //把集合轉換為陣列
int numNew = a.length; //新增元素數量
if (numNew == 0)
return false;
Node<E> pred, succ;
if (index == size) { //把集合c插入到最後面
succ = null;
pred = last;
} else {
succ = node(index); //插入中間
pred = succ.prev;
}
for (Object o : a) { //迴圈插入節點
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E e = (E) o;
Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, null);
if (pred == null)
first = newNode;
else
pred.next = newNode;
pred = newNode;
}
if (succ == null) { //如果插入最後面,則last節點是最後一個插入的節點
last = pred;
} else {
pred.next = succ;
succ.prev = pred;
}
size += numNew; //list大小加上增加集合的元素數量
modCount++; //修改次數加1
return true;
}
private void checkPositionIndex(int index) {
if (!isPositionIndex(index))
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
}
private boolean isPositionIndex(int index) {
return index >= 0 && index <= size; //比較index在0到size之間
}
/**
* 獲取下標為index的節點
*/
Node<E> node(int index) {
// assert isElementIndex(index);
if (index < (size >> 1)) { //如果index在前半部分,則從前迴圈
Node<E> x = first;
for (int i = 0; i < index; i++)
x = x.next;
return x;
} else { //如果index在後半部分,則從後迴圈
Node<E> x = last;
for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--)
x = x.prev;
return x;
}
}
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主要方法
- add方法
- add(E e),一個引數方法,預設新增到list最後面
public boolean add(E e) {
linkLast(e);
return true;
}
void linkLast(E e) {
final Node<E> l = last;
final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(l, e, null); //新建node節點,pre指向list中的last節點
last = newNode;
if (l == null) //如果list為空,新增節點賦值給first
first = newNode;
else
l.next = newNode; //如果不為空,list中的last指向新增節點,完成新增節點動作
size++;
modCount++;
}
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-
- add(int index, E element),把元素element新增到下標index位置
public void add(int index, E element) {
checkPositionIndex(index);
if (index == size) //如果index等於size,新增到list最後面
linkLast(element);
else
linkBefore(element, node(index));
}
void linkBefore(E e, Node<E> succ) {
// assert succ != null;
final Node<E> pred = succ.prev;
final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, succ); //插入到當前index上的節點和它的pred節點中間
succ.prev = newNode;
if (pred == null)
first = newNode;
else
pred.next = newNode;
size++;
modCount++;
}
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- 還有增加集合的add方法,上面介紹過了,以及實現的Deque介面的addFirst(E e)和addLast(E e)方法
- addAll(Collection<? extends E> c)
- addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c)
- addFirst(E e)
linkFirst插入到最前面
- addLast(E e)
和add(E e)一樣
private void linkFirst(E e) {
final Node<E> f = first;
final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(null, e, f);
first = newNode;
if (f == null)
last = newNode;
else
f.prev = newNode;
size++;
modCount++;
}
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- get方法
- get(int index) //獲取下標index上的元素
- getFirst() //獲取第一個元素(first節點的值)
- getLast() //獲取最後一個元素(last節點的值)
public E get(int index) {
checkElementIndex(index);
return node(index).item; //node(index)獲取下標index的node節點
}
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public E getFirst() {
final Node<E> f = first;
if (f == null)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
return f.item;
}
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public E getLast() {
final Node<E> l = last;
if (l == null)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
return l.item;
}
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- remove方法
- remove()
刪除第一個元素,直接呼叫的removeFirst()方法
- remove(int index)
刪除下標index上的元素,如果下邊越界,會拋IndexOutOfBoundsException異常
- remove(Object o)
刪除第一個匹配到的元素o
- removeFirst()
刪除第一個元素(如果list為空,會丟擲NoSuchElementException異常)
- removeFirstOccurrence(Object o)
直接呼叫remove(o)
- removeLast()
刪除最後一個元素(如果list為空,會丟擲NoSuchElementException異常)
- removeLastOccurrence(Object o)
刪除最後一個匹配到的元素
- remove()
public E remove() {
return removeFirst();
}
public E removeFirst() {
final Node<E> f = first;
if (f == null)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
return unlinkFirst(f);
}
private E unlinkFirst(Node<E> f) {
// assert f == first && f != null;
final E element = f.item;
final Node<E> next = f.next;
f.item = null;
f.next = null; // 斷開刪除節點的連線,幫助垃圾回收
first = next;
if (next == null)
last = null;
else
next.prev = null;
size--;
modCount++;
return element;
}
public E remove(int index) {
checkElementIndex(index);
return unlink(node(index)); //刪除下標index上的節點
}
E unlink(Node<E> x) {
// assert x != null;
final E element = x.item;
final Node<E> next = x.next;
final Node<E> prev = x.prev;
if (prev == null) { //如果是頭節點,first指向next節點,即刪除當前節點
first = next;
} else {
prev.next = next; //否則,前一個節點的next指向下一個節點
x.prev = null;
}
if (next == null) { //如果是尾節點,last指向前一個節點,即刪除當前節點
last = prev;
} else {
next.prev = prev; //否則,下一個節點的prev指向前一個節點
x.next = null;
}
x.item = null;
size--;
modCount++;
return element;
}
/**
* 刪除list中最前面的元素o(如果存在),從first節點往後迴圈查詢
* null的equals方法總是返回false,所以需要分開判斷
*/
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) { //從first節點往後迴圈,刪除第一個匹配的元素,結束迴圈
if (x.item == null) {
unlink(x);
return true;
}
}
} else {
for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
if (o.equals(x.item)) {
unlink(x);
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
public boolean removeFirstOccurrence(Object o) {
return remove(o);
}
public E removeLast() {
final Node<E> l = last;
if (l == null)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
return unlinkLast(l);
}
public boolean removeLastOccurrence(Object o) { //刪除list中最後面的元素o(如果存在),從last節點往前迴圈查詢即可
if (o == null) {
for (Node<E> x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) {
if (x.item == null) {
unlink(x);
return true;
}
}
} else {
for (Node<E> x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) {
if (o.equals(x.item)) {
unlink(x);
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
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- peek方法,返回list中的第一個元素,不刪除,如果list為空,返回null
public E peek() {
final Node<E> f = first;
return (f == null) ? null : f.item;
}
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- poll方法,返回list中的第一個元素,並刪除,如果list為空,返回null
public E poll() {
final Node<E> f = first;
return (f == null) ? null : unlinkFirst(f);
}
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-
- peekFirst(),同peek()
- peekLast(),返回最後一個元素,不刪除
- pollFirst(),同poll()
- pollLast(),返回最後一個元素,並刪除
-
push(E e)方法,新增元素,
public void push(E e) {
addFirst(e);
}
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- pop()方法,刪除list中的第一個元素,如果list為空,丟擲NoSuchElementException異常
public E pop() {
return removeFirst();
}
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- clear()方法,刪除list中的所有元素
public void clear() {
for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; ) { //迴圈list,把item、next、prev賦值為null,幫助垃圾回收
Node<E> next = x.next;
x.item = null;
x.next = null;
x.prev = null;
x = next;
}
first = last = null;
size = 0;
modCount++;
}
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- clone()方法,複製一個相同的list
public Object clone() {
LinkedList<E> clone = superClone();
// 初始化list的狀態
clone.first = clone.last = null;
clone.size = 0;
clone.modCount = 0;
// 把原list中的元素複製到新list中
for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next)
clone.add(x.item);
return clone;
}
private LinkedList<E> superClone() {
try {
return (LinkedList<E>) super.clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
throw new InternalError(e);
}
}
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- contains(Object o)方法,判斷list中是否包含元素o
public boolean contains(Object o) {
return indexOf(o) != -1;
}
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- indexOf(Object o)方法,返回元素o的下標
public int indexOf(Object o) {
int index = 0;
if (o == null) {
for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
if (x.item == null)
return index;
index++;
}
} else {
for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
if (o.equals(x.item))
return index;
index++;
}
}
return -1;
}
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- set(int index, E element)方法,給下標index上的元素賦值,返回原有的值
public E set(int index, E element) {
checkElementIndex(index);
Node<E> x = node(index);
E oldVal = x.item;
x.item = element;
return oldVal;
}
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- size方法,返回list大小
public int size() {
return size;
}
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- toArray()方法,把list中的元素複製到新陣列中並返回該陣列
public Object[] toArray() {
Object[] result = new Object[size];
int i = 0;
for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next)
result[i++] = x.item;
return result;
}
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- toArray(T[] a)方法,把list中的元素複製到指定的陣列中
public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
if (a.length < size)
a = (T[])java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(
a.getClass().getComponentType(), size);
int i = 0;
Object[] result = a;
for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next)
result[i++] = x.item;
if (a.length > size)
a[size] = null;
return a;
}
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ListIterator迭代器
- listIterator(int index)
public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) {
checkPositionIndex(index);
return new ListItr(index);
}
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LinkedList中的迭代器,比較簡單,使用next、nextIndex、lastReturned變數做個標記。
private class ListItr implements ListIterator<E> {
private Node<E> lastReturned;
private Node<E> next;
private int nextIndex;
private int expectedModCount = modCount;
ListItr(int index) {
// assert isPositionIndex(index);
next = (index == size) ? null : node(index);
nextIndex = index;
}
public boolean hasNext() {
return nextIndex < size;
}
public E next() {
checkForComodification();
if (!hasNext())
throw new NoSuchElementException();
lastReturned = next;
next = next.next;
nextIndex++;
return lastReturned.item;
}
public boolean hasPrevious() {
return nextIndex > 0;
}
public E previous() {
checkForComodification();
if (!hasPrevious())
throw new NoSuchElementException();
lastReturned = next = (next == null) ? last : next.prev;
nextIndex--;
return lastReturned.item;
}
public int nextIndex() {
return nextIndex;
}
public int previousIndex() {
return nextIndex - 1;
}
public void remove() {
checkForComodification();
if (lastReturned == null)
throw new IllegalStateException();
Node<E> lastNext = lastReturned.next;
unlink(lastReturned);
if (next == lastReturned)
next = lastNext;
else
nextIndex--;
lastReturned = null;
expectedModCount++;
}
public void set(E e) {
if (lastReturned == null)
throw new IllegalStateException();
checkForComodification();
lastReturned.item = e;
}
public void add(E e) {
checkForComodification();
lastReturned = null;
if (next == null)
linkLast(e);
else
linkBefore(e, next);
nextIndex++;
expectedModCount++;
}
public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> action) {
Objects.requireNonNull(action);
while (modCount == expectedModCount && nextIndex < size) {
action.accept(next.item);
lastReturned = next;
next = next.next;
nextIndex++;
}
checkForComodification();
}
final void checkForComodification() {
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
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總結
- ArrayList是以陣列的方式實現,而LinkedList是以連結串列的方式實現
- LinkedList的原始碼相對簡單,很容易理解它的儲存結構,提供的方法以及實現。