A*搜尋演算法。保證了走n步時 G + H ,是最小的。會有誤差。實驗了幾次發現,當點比較密集時n在3-5左右,誤差較小。點比較分散時,n>=7,誤差較小,n越大,進行的運算越慢。 F = G + H,G = 從起點 A 移動到指定方格的移動代價,H = 從指定的方格移動到終點 的估算成本。 還有待優化 , 比如解決繞遠路問題, 讓它回來~~
原理
走幾步回頭看看哪個短,然後繼續走,不斷重複,直到到達終點
$stepCount 大於10 走起來就很吃力了,理論上$stepCount越大越精確,但也越吃記憶體
程式碼可直接執行
php -S localhost:8888
訪問 localhost:8888/xxx.php
<?php
$n=20;
$positions=[];
for ($i=0;$i<=$n;$i++){
for ($j=0;$j<=$n;$j++){
$positions[] =[$j,$i] ;
}
}
//開始的點
$startDot=[0,0];
//已經放置的點
$placedDot=[];
//不可放置的點
$notPlacedDot=notPlacedDot($positions,$n);
$placedDot[]=$startDot;
//所有穿過的點
list($lineDot,$finishDot)=line($positions,$startDot,$placedDot,$notPlacedDot,$n);
//平面上的所有迷宮點
$mazePositions=mazePosition($positions,$lineDot);
$line=[];//最終結果
$canReOpen=[];//庫存
$startDot=[0,0];//開始的點
$line[]=[0,0];
$count=1;//預設值達到 $stepCount重置
$nextStep=[];//儲存改點走$stepCount步有多少種可能
$extraNotPlaceDot=[];//不可放置的點
$stepCount=3;//每次前進幾步進行比較
$shortLine=getShortLine($line,$canReOpen,$startDot,$mazePositions,$notPlacedDot,$finishDot,$n,$count,$nextStep,$extraNotPlaceDot,$stepCount);
echo "解迷宮";
echo getHtml($positions,$lineDot,$shortLine,$n);
echo "<br>";
echo "迷宮路線";
echo getAllHtml($positions,$lineDot,$n);
//echo getHtml($positions,$lineDot,$n);
/**
* 生成迷宮路線
* @param $positions
* @param $startDot
* @param $placedDot
* @param $notPlacedDot
* @param $n
* @return array
*/
function line($positions,$startDot,$placedDot,$notPlacedDot,$n){
$dotWrapper=GetDotWrappers($startDot);
$key=rand(0,3);
$nextDot = $dotWrapper[$key];
$i=0;
$notPlacedDotAll =array_merge($notPlacedDot,[]);
while (in_array($nextDot,$placedDot)||in_array($nextDot,$notPlacedDotAll)){
$i++;
if(badDot($nextDot,$placedDot,$notPlacedDot,$n)){//是否是壞點
$notPlacedDotAll[]=$nextDot;
$startDot=$placedDot[count($placedDot)-1];
$dotWrapper=GetDotWrappers($startDot);
$key=rand(0,3);
$nextDot = $dotWrapper[$key];
if(badDot($startDot,$placedDot,$notPlacedDotAll,$n)){//本身是否是壞點
$notPlacedDotAll[]= array_pop($placedDot);
$startDot=$placedDot[count($placedDot)-1];
$dotWrapper=GetDotWrappers($startDot);
$key=rand(0,3);
$nextDot = $dotWrapper[$key];
}
}else{
$key=rand(0,3);
$nextDot = $dotWrapper[$key];
}
if($i>4&&count($placedDot)>1){//迴圈大於3次 還沒找到去除該點
$i=0;
$notPlacedDot[]= array_pop($placedDot);
$startDot=$placedDot[count($placedDot)-1];
$dotWrapper=GetDotWrappers($startDot);
$key=rand(0,3);
$nextDot = $dotWrapper[$key];
}
}
$placedDot[]=$nextDot;
if($nextDot[0]>=$n&&$nextDot[1]>0&&$nextDot[1]<=$n){
return [$placedDot,$nextDot];
}
return line($positions,$nextDot,$placedDot,$notPlacedDot,$n);
}
/**
* 所有迷宮的點
* @param $positions
* @param $lineDot
* @return array
*/
function mazePosition($positions,$lineDot){
$mazePositions=[];
foreach ($positions as $position){
if(in_array($position,$lineDot)){
$mazePositions[]=$position;
}
}
return $mazePositions;
}
/**
* 計算最短路線
*
* 迷宮平面座標系
* @param $line
* 待用的點
* @param $canReOpen
* 開始的點
* @param $startDot
* 所有迷宮的可走的點
* @param $mazePositions
* 不能放置的點比如平面座標系外的點
* @param $notPlacedDot
* 迷宮終點
* @param $endDot
* 沒用到座標系的寬
* @param $n
* 初始值預設1 最終會達到 $stepCount後會重置
* @param $count
* 存放一個點的走 $stepCount 步所有可能性類似於這樣的陣列 json_decode({"0":[1,0],"10":[[1,1]],"11":[[1,2],[2,1]],"12":[[2,2],[0,2]],"22":[[3,2],[3,2]],"02":[[0,3]],"21":[[2,2],[3,1]],"31":[[3,2],[3,0]]}',true)
* @param $nextStep
* 走的過程中不能放置的點
* @param $extraNotPlaceDot
* @param $stepCount
* @return array
*/
function getShortLine($line,$canReOpen,$startDot,$mazePositions,$notPlacedDot,$endDot,$n,$count,$nextStep,$extraNotPlaceDot,$stepCount){
$dotWrapper=GetDotWrappers($startDot); //一個點的上下左右點
$allOpen = array_reduce($canReOpen, 'array_merge', array()); //待用點
$arr=[];//周圍符合條件的點
$notPlacedDotAll =array_merge($notPlacedDot,$extraNotPlaceDot);
foreach ($dotWrapper as $dot){
if(in_array($dot,$mazePositions)&&!in_array($dot,$line)&&!in_array($dot,$allOpen)&&!in_array($dot,$notPlacedDotAll)){
$arr[distance($dot,$endDot)][]=$dot;
}
}
if($count==1){//首次進入父節點
if($startDot==$endDot){
return $line;
}
if(empty($arr)){//死點
array_pop($line);
$extraNotPlaceDot[]=$startDot;
$nextStartDot = $line[count($line)-1];
}else{
ksort($arr);//按距離大小升序排序
$arr = array_reduce($arr, 'array_merge', array());
$canReOpen=[];
if(!empty($arr)){
$canReOpen[] = array_values($arr);
}
$nextSteps=[];//父節點走$stepCount步,周圍所有可能走的點,是一個二維陣列 類似於這樣json_decode([{"0":[1,0],"10":[[1,1]],"11":[[1,2],[2,1]],"12":[[2,2],[0,2]],"22":[[3,2],[3,2]],"02":[[0,3]],"21":[[2,2],[3,1]],"31":[[3,2],[3,0]]}]',true)
$count++;
do{//求周圍點的可能
$nextStep=[];
$nextStartDot=array_shift($arr);//依次取出最小距離的作為開始點
if($nextStartDot==$endDot){
array_push($line,$nextStartDot);
return $line;
}
$nextStep[0]=$nextStartDot;//父頂點
//呼叫 getShortLine 進入到if($count==1){}else{} 的else 程式碼塊。求走$stepCount的所有可能的點
$nextSteps[] = getShortLine($line,$canReOpen,$nextStartDot,$mazePositions,$notPlacedDot,$endDot,$n,$count,$nextStep,$extraNotPlaceDot,$stepCount);
}while(!empty($arr));
$result=[];
foreach ($nextSteps as $step){
if(isset($step[0])){
$ar=[];
$item=$step[0];
unset($step[0]);
$parent=[];
$result=linkTable($result,$step,$item,$item,$ar,$parent);//將結果轉化為連結串列的結構
}
}
$nextSteps=$result;
if(empty($nextSteps)){
array_pop($line);
$extraNotPlaceDot[]=$startDot;
$nextStartDot = $line[count($line)-1];
}else{
$full=[];
$notFull=[];
foreach ($nextSteps as $k1=>$temp){
if(count($temp)==$stepCount){//走完$stepCount的點
$full[$k1]=$temp;
}else{//沒走完$stepCount的點
$notFull[$k1]=$temp;
}
}
if(!empty($full)){//優先使用走完$stepCount步的點
$temps=[];
foreach ($full as $key=>$tmp){
$end=$tmp[count($tmp)-1];
$distance=distance($end,$endDot);
$temps[$distance]=$tmp;
}
}else{
$temps=[];
foreach ($notFull as $key=>$tmp){
$end=$tmp[count($tmp)-1];
$distance=distance($end,$endDot);
$temps[$distance]=$tmp;
}
}
ksort($temps);//按距離大小升序排序
$steps=array_shift($temps);//取出最近的一個組點
$nextStartDot=$steps[count($steps)-1];//最後一個點作為開始點
$line=array_merge($line,$steps);
if($nextStartDot==$endDot){
return $line;
}
}
}
//繼續下一個點重複以上步驟
$count=1;
return getShortLine($line,$canReOpen,$nextStartDot,$mazePositions,$notPlacedDot,$endDot,$n,$count,$nextStep,$extraNotPlaceDot,$stepCount);
}else{//求每一個父頂點下的所有可能點
if($startDot==$endDot){
return $nextStep;
}
if($count<=$stepCount){
if(empty($arr)){//死點
$extraNotPlaceDot[]=$startDot;//這個點不能放
foreach ($nextStep as $key=>&$next){//把這個點移出去, $nextStep 屬於結構類似與這樣 json_decode({"0":[1,0],"10":[[1,1]],"11":[[1,2],[2,1]],"12":[[2,2],[0,2]],"22":[[3,2],[3,2]],"02":[[0,3]],"21":[[2,2],[3,1]],"31":[[3,2],[3,0]]}',true)
if($startDot==$next){
unset($nextStep[$key]);
continue;
}
if(in_array($startDot,$next)){
unset($next[array_search($startDot,$next)]);
if(empty($next)){
unset($nextStep[$key]);
}else{
$next=array_values($next);
}
}
}
return $nextStep;
}else{
ksort($arr);//按距離大小升序排序
$arr = array_reduce($arr, 'array_merge', array());
$canReOpen[] = array_values($arr);
do{//繼續改點的分裂直到達到$stepCount 一個點可能分裂為1個兩個或三個
$count_tmp=$count;
$nextStartDot=array_shift($arr);
$nextStep[$startDot[0].$startDot[1]][]=$nextStartDot;
$count_tmp++;
$nextStep=getShortLine($line,$canReOpen,$nextStartDot,$mazePositions,$notPlacedDot,$endDot,$n,$count_tmp,$nextStep,$extraNotPlaceDot,$stepCount);
}while(!empty($arr));
return $nextStep=array_map(function ($val){
if(isset($val[0])&&!is_array($val[0])){//父節點第一個點
return $val;
}
return array_values(array_unique($val,SORT_REGULAR));
},$nextStep);
}
}else{
if(empty($arr)){//死點
$extraNotPlaceDot[]=$startDot;//這個點不能放
}
return $nextStep;
}
}
}
function getAllHtml($positions,$lineDot,$n){
$str="<table border='1'>";
foreach (array_chunk($positions,$n+1) as $row){
$str.="<tr>";
foreach ($row as $tr){
if(in_array($tr,$lineDot)){
$str.="<td style='color: white;background-color: red'>點{$tr[0]},{$tr[1]}</td>";
}else{
$str.="<td>{$tr[0]},{$tr[1]}</td>";
}
}
$str.="<tr>";
};
$str.="</table>";
return $str;
}
function getHtml($positions,$lineDot,$shortLine,$n){
$str="<table border='1'>";
foreach (array_chunk($positions,$n+1) as $row){
$str.="<tr>";
foreach ($row as $tr){
if(in_array($tr,$lineDot)){
if(in_array($tr,$shortLine)){
$str.="<td style='color: white;background-color: blue'>點{$tr[0]},{$tr[1]}</td>";
}else{
$str.="<td style='color: white;background-color: red'>點{$tr[0]},{$tr[1]}</td>";
}
}else{
$str.="<td>{$tr[0]},{$tr[1]}</td>";
}
}
$str.="<tr>";
};
$str.="</table>";
return $str;
}
function linkTable($result,$steps,$item,$start,$ar,$parent){
if(isset($steps[$item[0].$item[1]])&&!empty($steps[$item[0].$item[1]])){
$items=$steps[$item[0].$item[1]];
$length=count($items);
for ($i=0;$i<$length;$i++){
if(!in_array($items[$i],$ar)){//避免形成一個環
$parent[]=$items[$i];
$ar[]=$items[$i];
$item=$items[$i];
$result=linkTable($result,$steps,$item,$start,$ar,$parent);
array_pop($parent);
$ar=$parent;
}
}
return array_values(array_unique($result,SORT_REGULAR ));
}else{
array_unshift($ar,$start);
$result[]=$ar;
return $result;
}
}
function distance($start,$end){
return abs($end[0]-$start[0])+abs($end[1]-$start[1]);
}
function notPlacedDot($positions,$n)
{
$notPlacedDot=[];
foreach ($positions as $position){
$dotWrapper=GetDotWrappers($position);
foreach ($dotWrapper as $dot){
if($dot[0]<0||$dot[1]<0||$dot[0]>$n||$dot[1]>$n){
$notPlacedDot[]=$dot;
}
}
}
return $notPlacedDot;
}
/**
* 是否是壞點
* @param $dotWrapper
* @param $placedDot
* @param $notPlacedDot
* @return bool
*/
function badDot($position,$placedDot,$notPlacedDot,$n){
$dotWrapper=GetDotWrappers($position);
$i=0;
foreach ($dotWrapper as $dot){
if($dot[0]<0||$dot[1]<0||$dot[1]>$n||in_array($dot,$placedDot)||in_array($dot,$notPlacedDot)){
$i++;
}
}
if($i==4){
return true;
}
return false;
}
function GetDotWrappers($placementEd){
$top = calculateXY($placementEd[0],$placementEd[1],'top');
$bottom = calculateXY($placementEd[0],$placementEd[1],'bottom');
$left = calculateXY($placementEd[0],$placementEd[1],'left');
$right = calculateXY($placementEd[0],$placementEd[1],'right');
return [$top,$bottom,$left,$right];
}
function calculateXY($x,$y,$default='top')
{
switch ($default){
case 'top':
$y=$y+1;
break;
case 'bottom':
$y=$y-1;
break;
case 'left':
$x=$x-1;
break;
case 'right':
$x=($x+1);
break;
case 'left_top':
$x=($x-1);
$y=($y+1);
break;
case 'right_top':
$x=($x+1);
$y=($y+1);
break;
case 'right_bottom':
$x=($x+1);
$y=($y-1);
break;
case 'left_bottom':
$x=($x-1);
$y=($y-1);
break;
}
return [$x,$y];
}