很多小步快跑的公司,開發人員多則3-4個,面對巨大業務壓力,日連夜的趕著上線,快速試錯,自然就沒時間搭建一些基礎設施,比如說logCenter,但初期
專案不穩定,bug又多,每次都跑到生產去找日誌,確實也不大方便,用elk或者用hadoop做日誌中心,雖然都是沒問題的,但基於成本和人手還是怎麼簡化怎麼來,
本篇就來說說直接使用log4net的ElasticSearchAppender擴充套件直接將log寫入到es中。
一:從nuget下載
nuget下來的都是開箱可用,如果看原始碼的話可以在github上找一下log4net.ElasticSearch專案。https://github.com/jptoto/log4net.ElasticSearch。
1. App.config配置
nuget包下來之後,就可以配置config檔案了,其實還是蠻簡單的,大家可以根據自己的專案合理的配置裡面的各項引數,為了方便大家理解,我在每個配置
項上加了詳細的註釋,大家可以仔細看看。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <configSections> <section name="log4net" type="log4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler, log4net" /> </configSections> <log4net> <!-- 日誌的處理類:log4net.ElasticSearch.ElasticSearchAppender --> <appender name="ElasticSearchAppender" type="log4net.ElasticSearch.ElasticSearchAppender, log4net.ElasticSearch"> <!-- ES地址 rolling=true:表示每天一個index(datamipcrm_log_2018.05.31) --> <connectionString value="Scheme=http;Server=192.168.23.145;Index=datamiprm_log;Port=9200;rolling=true"/> <!-- 有損配置: 如果配置的buffer滿了還沒來的及重新整理到es中,那麼新來的log將會被丟棄。 --> <lossy value="false" /> <evaluator type="log4net.Core.LevelEvaluator"> <!-- 表示 小於ERROR級別的日誌會進入buffer陣列,大於等於這個級別的,直接提交給es。 通常情況下,ERROR級別的錯誤,我們直接塞到ES中,這樣更有利於我們發現問題。 DEBUG,INFO WARN ERROR --> <threshold value="ERROR" /> </evaluator> <!-- buffer池的閾值50,一旦滿了就會觸發flush 到 es的動作(bulk api) --> <bufferSize value="50" /> </appender> <root> <!-- 指定所有的loglevel(DEBUG,INFO,WARN,ERROR)級別都是用 ElasticSearchAppender 處理 --> <level value="ALL"/> <appender-ref ref="ElasticSearchAppender" /> </root> </log4net> <startup> <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.6.1" /> </startup> </configuration>
上面有幾點要特別注意一下:
《1》 bufferSize
這個大家理解成快取區,方便批量提交到es中,否則的話,過於頻繁的和es進行互動,對頻寬,對application,es都是比較大的壓力。
《2》 <threshold value="ERROR" />
有時候我們有這樣的需求,我希望ERROR,Fault這種級別的錯誤不要走buffer,直接提交給es,這樣更容易讓初創團隊發現問題,找到問題,恭喜你,
上面這個配置就是解決這個事的。
2. 在AssemblyInfo中追加如下配置。
// 可以指定所有值,也可以使用以下所示的 "*" 預置版本號和修訂號
// 方法是按如下所示使用“*”: :
// [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")]
[assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.0.0")]
[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("1.0.0.0")]
[assembly: log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator(Watch = true)]
3. 然後就可以寫一段測試程式碼啦。
namespace ConsoleApp1 { class Program { private static readonly ILog _log = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(Program)); static void Main(string[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { try { var m = "1"; var result = 100 / Convert.ToInt32(m); _log.Info("我要開始記錄日誌啦"); } catch (Exception ex) { _log.Error("呼叫失敗" + i, ex); //_log.Info("呼叫失敗" + i, ex); //Console.WriteLine(i); } } Console.Read(); } } }
然後通過elasticsearch-head 外掛進行檢視,各種資料就都在es中了。
二:elasticsearch-header 外掛
關於這個外掛的下載,因為google官網被遮蔽,大家如果有VPN的話,可以自行在chrome商店搜尋,當然也可以直接下載我的zip包,elasticsearch-head。
在瀏覽器中載入外掛的時候選擇0.1.3.0 資料夾即可
完了之後點選右上邊的 “放大鏡“ 按鈕就可以看到你想看到的UI了。
三:下載elasticsearch
這是一個基於luncene的分散式搜尋框架,用起來還是挺順手的,你可以下載5.6.4版本。
[elsearch@localhost myapp]$ ls elasticsearch-5.6.4.tar.gz
一般來說,安裝的過程中你可能會遇到3個坑。
1. 不能用root賬號登入
[root@localhost bin]# ./elasticsearch [2018-05-31T04:01:59,402][WARN ][o.e.b.ElasticsearchUncaughtExceptionHandler] [] uncaught exception in thread [main] org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.StartupException: java.lang.RuntimeException: can not run elasticsearch as root at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:136) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.4.jar:5.6.4] at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.execute(Elasticsearch.java:123) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.4.jar:5.6.4] at org.elasticsearch.cli.EnvironmentAwareCommand.execute(EnvironmentAwareCommand.java:70) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.4.jar:5.6.4] at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.mainWithoutErrorHandling(Command.java:134) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.4.jar:5.6.4] at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.main(Command.java:90) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.4.jar:5.6.4] at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:91) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.4.jar:5.6.4] at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:84) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.4.jar:5.6.4] Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: can not run elasticsearch as root at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.initializeNatives(Bootstrap.java:106) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.4.jar:5.6.4] at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.setup(Bootstrap.java:195) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.4.jar:5.6.4] at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:342) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.4.jar:5.6.4] at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:132) ~[elasticsearch-5.6.4.jar:5.6.4] ... 6 more
這個簡單,增加一個elasearch使用者就可以了。
groupadd elsearch #新建elsearch組 useradd elsearch -g elsearch -p elasticsearch #新建一個elsearch使用者 chown -R elsearch:elsearch ./elasticsearch #指定elasticsearch所屬elsearch組
2. 記憶體不足的問題。
[elsearch@localhost bin]$ ./elasticsearch
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: INFO: os::commit_memory(0x00000000a9990000, 1449590784, 0) failed; error='Cannot allocate memory' (errno=12)
#
# There is insufficient memory for the Java Runtime Environment to continue.
# Native memory allocation (mmap) failed to map 1449590784 bytes for committing reserved memory.
# An error report file with more information is saved as:
# /usr/myapp/elasticsearch/bin/hs_err_pid33341
這是ES預設分配的堆記憶體是2g,如果出現這個問題,一般來說是你的虛擬機器擁有的記憶體小於2g,只需要在jvm.options中將2g修改1g就可以了。
[root@localhost config]# ls elasticsearch.yml jvm.options log4j2.properties scripts
# Xms represents the initial size of total heap space # Xmx represents the maximum size of total heap space -Xms1g -Xmx1g
3. max file descriptors 太少 和 max virtual memory 虛擬記憶體太低。
[elsearch@localhost bin]$ ./elasticsearch
[2018-05-30T20:44:56,484][INFO ][o.e.n.Node ] [] initializing ...
[2018-05-30T20:44:56,632][INFO ][o.e.e.NodeEnvironment ] [f9t2Sfl] using [1] data paths, mounts [[/ (rootfs)]], net usable_space [14.4gb], net total_space [22.1gb], spins? [unknown], types [rootfs]
[2018-05-30T20:44:56,632][INFO ][o.e.e.NodeEnvironment ] [f9t2Sfl] heap size [989.8mb], compressed ordinary object pointers [true]
[2018-05-30T20:44:56,634][INFO ][o.e.n.Node ] node name [f9t2Sfl] derived from node ID [f9t2SfljReiND4XeMLUbyA]; set [node.name] to override
[2018-05-30T20:44:56,634][INFO ][o.e.n.Node ] version[5.6.4], pid[33546], build[8bbedf5/2017-10-31T18:55:38.105Z], OS[Linux/3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64/amd64], JVM[Oracle Corporation/Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM/1.8.0_144/25.144-b01]
[2018-05-30T20:44:56,634][INFO ][o.e.n.Node ] JVM arguments [-Xms1g, -Xmx1g, -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC, -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75, -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly, -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch, -Xss1m, -Djava.awt.headless=true, -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8, -Djna.nosys=true, -Djdk.io.permissionsUseCanonicalPath=true, -Dio.netty.noUnsafe=true, -Dio.netty.noKeySetOptimization=true, -Dio.netty.recycler.maxCapacityPerThread=0, -Dlog4j.shutdownHookEnabled=false, -Dlog4j2.disable.jmx=true, -Dlog4j.skipJansi=true, -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError, -Des.path.home=/usr/myapp/elasticsearch]
[2018-05-30T20:44:57,530][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f9t2Sfl] loaded module [aggs-matrix-stats]
[2018-05-30T20:44:57,530][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f9t2Sfl] loaded module [ingest-common]
[2018-05-30T20:44:57,530][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f9t2Sfl] loaded module [lang-expression]
[2018-05-30T20:44:57,531][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f9t2Sfl] loaded module [lang-groovy]
[2018-05-30T20:44:57,531][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f9t2Sfl] loaded module [lang-mustache]
[2018-05-30T20:44:57,531][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f9t2Sfl] loaded module [lang-painless]
[2018-05-30T20:44:57,531][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f9t2Sfl] loaded module [parent-join]
[2018-05-30T20:44:57,531][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f9t2Sfl] loaded module [percolator]
[2018-05-30T20:44:57,531][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f9t2Sfl] loaded module [reindex]
[2018-05-30T20:44:57,531][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f9t2Sfl] loaded module [transport-netty3]
[2018-05-30T20:44:57,531][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f9t2Sfl] loaded module [transport-netty4]
[2018-05-30T20:44:57,532][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService ] [f9t2Sfl] no plugins loaded
[2018-05-30T20:44:59,469][INFO ][o.e.d.DiscoveryModule ] [f9t2Sfl] using discovery type [zen]
[2018-05-30T20:45:00,107][INFO ][o.e.n.Node ] initialized
[2018-05-30T20:45:00,107][INFO ][o.e.n.Node ] [f9t2Sfl] starting ...
[2018-05-30T20:45:00,339][INFO ][o.e.t.TransportService ] [f9t2Sfl] publish_address {192.168.23.143:9300}, bound_addresses {[::]:9300}
[2018-05-30T20:45:00,356][INFO ][o.e.b.BootstrapChecks ] [f9t2Sfl] bound or publishing to a non-loopback or non-link-local address, enforcing bootstrap checks
ERROR: [2] bootstrap checks failed
[1]: max file descriptors [4096] for elasticsearch process is too low, increase to at least [65536]
[2]: max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144]
[2018-05-30T20:45:00,365][INFO ][o.e.n.Node ] [f9t2Sfl] stopping ...
[2018-05-30T20:45:00,444][INFO ][o.e.n.Node ] [f9t2Sfl] stopped
[2018-05-30T20:45:00,444][INFO ][o.e.n.Node ] [f9t2Sfl] closing ...
[2018-05-30T20:45:00,455][INFO ][o.e.n.Node ] [f9t2Sfl] closed
這個max file descriptors 的問題,我只需要修改 vim /etc/security/limits.conf 檔案增加控制程式碼值即可。
* hard nofile 65536
* soft nofile 65536
虛擬記憶體的 max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144] 只需要在sysctl.conf 中修改max即可。
[root@localhost config]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf vm.max_map_count=655360
這些坑解決的話,es就可以正常啟動了,最後記得在elasticsearch.yml 中將host設為0.0.0.0 讓遠端機器可以訪問。
[elsearch@localhost config]$ vim elasticsearch.yml network.host: 0.0.0.0
最後執行 ./elasticsearch -d 讓es在後臺執行。
[elsearch@localhost bin]$ ./elasticsearch -d
[elsearch@localhost bin]$ netstat -tlnp
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 :::9200 :::* LISTEN 17523/java
tcp6 0 0 :::9300 :::* LISTEN 17523/java
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN -
[elsearch@localhost bin]$
好了,本篇就說這麼多,如果你要更精細化的查詢,可以再搭建一個配套版本的kibana即可。