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ARM 64位架構介紹
- ARM 64位架構介紹
- ARM架構概況,v8-A及其他架構概況
- ARM架構擴充套件到v8-A, v8.1A, v8.2-A等版本
- v8-A介紹和原理
- 支援v7遺留程式碼
- AArch32和AArch64狀態
- v7指令集變更
- 廢棄
- 新增功能(一些新的64位特性也被新增到32位執行中)
64位平臺架構概述
- 示例SoC
- 多核處理器
- 互連(ACE或CHI)
- 一致性和互連
- 分散式中斷控制器
- 韌體的角色
- 啟動
A64指令集架構(ISA)
- 整數操作
- 指令集
- 整數操作
- 記憶體操作
- 堆疊
- 系統指令
- 系統控制暫存器
- 與v7支援和協處理器的關係
- 呼叫約定
- 記憶體訪問(DRAM和裝置)
- 排序模型
- 屏障
- dmb, dsb, isb
- 負載-獲取和儲存-釋放
- 領域
- 訊號量
- 屏障
- 快取管理
- 排序模型
- 浮點,先進的SIMD,加密
- 暫存器和指令
- 異常級別
- 4個異常級別
- 棧模型,處理程式和執行緒
- 向量表
- 核心實現選擇
- 切換AArch32和AArch64狀態
- 異常和中斷處理
- 控制異常和中斷的傳遞
- 綜合暫存器
- 切換異常級別
- 從異常中返回
- 分頁
- 使用頁表進行記憶體管理
- 4K, 16K和64K粒度
- 頁大小
- 使用頁表實現的特性,例如“永不執行”
- 地址空間技巧——不屬於地址的一些欄位,例如標籤和指標認證
- TLB管理
EL2概述
- 處理器特性,適用於虛擬化
- 使用異常級別
- 記憶體管理
- 二級頁表
- 記憶體分割槽
- I/O MMU (SMMU)
- 啟動過程中使用EL2進行UEFI執行
- 增加了Secure EL2架構
快取
- 硬體快取一致性
- 軟體責任
- 軟體中的快取控制
安全(TrustZone)
- TrustZone功能
- 安全記憶體
- 連結到其他架構中的TrustZone
- 32位或64位TrustZone
- 異常級別上的影響和Secure EL2的增加
- 切換TrustZone的位寬
- 動態TrustZone,也稱為Realms,是ARM的機密計算架構的一部分
其他主題
- 核心電源管理,外部電源控制器
- 電源模式(休眠,關閉)
- WFI, WFE, SEV
- 除錯(硬體和軟體除錯)
- 偵錯程式,虛擬機器監控程式,作業系統
- RAS(可靠性,可用性,可維護性)
- 啟動過程
Introduction to ARM 64-bit Architecture
- Introduction to ARM 64-bit Architecture
- ARM architecture profiles, what is v8-A and the other architecture profiles
- ARM architecture extensions to v8-A, the v8.1A, v8.2-A, etc
- v8-A introduction and rationale
- Support for v7 legacy code
- AArch32 and AArch64 state
- v7 instruction set changes
- Deprecation
- Additional features (some new 64-bit features have also been added to 32-bit execution)
64-bit Platform Architecture Overview
- Sample SoC
- MP Core
- Interconnect (ACE or CHI)
- Coherency and the interconnect
- Distributed interrupt controller
- Role of firmware
- Booting
A64 ISA (Instruction Set Architecture)
- Integer operations
- Instruction set
- Integer operations
- Memory operations
- Stack
- System instructions
- System control registers
- Relationship to v7 support and co-processors
- Calling conventions
- Memory access (DRAM and device)
- Ordering model
- Barriers
- dmb, dsb, isb
- load-acquire and store-release
- Domains
- Semaphores
- Barriers
- Cache management
- Ordering model
- Floating point, advanced SIMD, crypto
- Registers and instructions
- Exception levels
- The 4 exception levels
- Stack model, handler and thread
- Vector table
- Core implementation choices
- Switching AArch32 and AArch64 state
- Exception and interrupt handling
- Control of delivery of exceptions and interrupts
- Syndrome registers
- Switching exception levels
- Return from exception
- Paging
- Memory management with page tables
- 4K, 16K and 64K granules
- Page sizes
- Features achieved with page tables, such as execute never
- Address space trickery – fields in pointers that are not part of the address, such as tags and pointer authentication
- TLB management
EL2 Overview
- Processor features intended for virtualization
- Use of exception levels
- Memory management
- Second level page tables
- Memory partitioning
- I/O MMU (SMMU)
- The use of EL2 for UEFI execution during boot
- Addition of Secure EL2 to the architecture
Caches
- Hardware cache coherency
- Software responsibilities
- Cache control in software
Security (TrustZone)
- TrustZone functionality
- Secure memory
- Links to TrustZone in other architectures
- 32-bit or 64-bit TrustZone
- Implications on exception levels, and the addition of secure EL2
- Switching bitness of TrustZone
- Dynamic TrustZone, also called Realms, part of ARM's Confidential Compute Architecture
Other Topics
- Core power management, external power controller
- Power modes (dormant, shutdown)
- WFI, WFE, SEV
- Debug (hardware and software based debug)
- Debugger, hypervisor, OS
- RAS (Reliability, Availability, Serviceability)
- Boot process