LAMP搭建示例

第七爻發表於2021-01-03

lamp介紹

其實就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一組動態網站或者伺服器的開源軟體，除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自獨立的程式，但是因為經常被放在一起使用，擁有了越來越高的相容度，共同組成了一個強大的Web應用程式平臺。

web伺服器工作流程

web伺服器的資源分為兩種，靜態資源和動態資源

靜態資源就是指靜態內容，客戶端從伺服器獲得的資源的表現形式與原檔案相同。可以簡單的理解為就是直接儲存於檔案系統中的資源
動態資源則通常是程式檔案，需要在伺服器執行之後，將執行的結果返回給客戶端

工作過程：當客戶端請求是靜態資源時，web伺服器會直接把靜態資源返回個客戶端。

　　　　：動態資源則通過FastCGI協議與php伺服器聯絡，通過CGI程式的master程式排程worker程式來執行程式以獲得客戶端請求的動態資源，並將執行的結果通過FastCGI協議返回給httpd伺服器，httpd伺服器收到php的執行結果後將其封裝為http響應報文響應給客戶端。在執行程式獲取動態資源時若需要獲得資料庫中的資源時，由Php伺服器通過mysql協議與MySQL/MariaDB伺服器互動，取之而後返回給httpd，httpd將從php伺服器收到的執行結果封裝成http響應報文響應給客戶端。

cgi與fastcgi

CGI（Common Gateway Interface，通用閘道器介面），CGI是外部應用程式（CGI程式）與WEB伺服器之間的介面標準，是在CGI程式和Web伺服器之間傳遞資訊的過程。CGI規範允許Web伺服器執行外部程式，並將它們的輸出傳送給Web瀏覽器，CGI將web的一組簡單的靜態超媒體文件變成一個完整的新的互動式媒體。

FastCGI（Fast Common Gateway Interface）是CGI的改良版，CGI是通過啟用一個直譯器程式來處理每個請求，耗時且耗資源，而FastCGI則是通過master-worker形式來處理每個請求，即啟動一個master主程式，然後根據配置啟動幾個worker程式，當請求進來時，master會從worker程式中選擇一個去處理請求，這樣就避免了重複的生成和殺死程式帶來的頻繁cpu上下文切換而導致耗時

lamp平臺搭建

環境說明：

系統平臺

需要安裝的服務

centos8

redhat8

192.168.248.131

httpd-2.4
mysql-5.7
php
php-mysql

lamp平臺軟體安裝次序： httpd --> mysql --> php

yum源：

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo


#epel
yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*

`安裝httpd`

#安裝開發工具包
[root@localhost ~]# yum groups mark install 'Development Tools'

#建立apache使用者和組
[root@localhost ~]# useradd  -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache

#安裝依賴包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++ make

#下載和安裝apache，apr和apr-util
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz 
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# ls
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz
apr-1.7.0        apr-util-1.6.1    httpd-2.4.46 

[root@localhost ~]# cd apr-1.7.0
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# vim configure
    cfgfile="${ofile}T"
    trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
    # $RM "$cfgfile"        //將此行加上註釋，或者刪除此行

[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# ./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/apr
....................................................配置過程
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# make && make install
...................................編譯安裝過程

[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# cd  /root/apr-util-1.6.1
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
....................................配置過程
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
.........................................編譯安裝過程

#apache安裝
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# cd /root/httpd-2.4.46
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
> --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \
> --enable-so \
> --enable-ssl \
> --enable-cgi \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --with-zlib \
> --with-pcre \
> --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
> --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
> --enable-modules=most \
> --enable-mpms-shared=all \
> --with-mpm=prefork
....................................配置過程
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# make && make install
............................編譯安裝過程
#安裝後配置
[root@localhost ~]#  echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/apache/man     //新增此行
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf 
#
#ServerName www.example.com:80  //取消前面的註釋

#啟動apache
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl start
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State         Recv-Q        Send-Q                 Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port        
LISTEN        0             128                          0.0.0.0:22                        0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             128                                *:80                              *:*           
LISTEN        0             128                             [::]:22                           [::]:*

`安裝MySQL`

#安裝依賴包
[root@localhost ~]#  yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel ncurses-compat-libs

#建立使用者和組
[root@localhost ~]# useradd  -r -M -s /sbin/nologin  mysql

#下載二進位制格式mysql軟體包
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

#解壓軟體
[root@localhost ~]# tar  -xf mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

[root@localhost ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/  /usr/local/mysql
'/usr/local/mysql' -> '/usr/local/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/'

[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql*

#新增環境變數
[root@localhost local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/myslq.sh
[root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile.d/myslq.sh
[root@localhost local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/apache/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/  /usr/include/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf 
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/apache/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/mysql/man  #新增man檔案

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib

[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig 






#建立資料存放目錄
[root@localhost local]# mkdir  /mydata
[root@localhost local]# chown  -R mysql.mysql  /mydata/

#初始化資料庫
[root@localhost local]# mysqld  --initialize  --user=mysql   --datadir=/mydata
2021-01-01T07:38:58.366227Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-01-01T07:38:58.551752Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-01-01T07:38:58.582971Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-01-01T07:38:58.593654Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 68c0296b-4c04-11eb-a48e-000c2928a994.
2021-01-01T07:38:58.594268Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-01-01T07:38:59.115003Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-01-01T07:38:59.228479Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Jcselu.3md<w

#修改my.cnf配置檔案
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
#新增以下內容
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /mydata
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /mydata/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve

[client-server]

#配置服務啟動指令碼
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files/
[root@localhost support-files]# ls
magic  mysqld_multi.server  mysql-log-rotate  mysql.server
[root@localhost support-files]# cp mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost support-files]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqd
# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files. 

basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/mydata

#啟動mysql
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State         Recv-Q        Send-Q                 Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port        
LISTEN        0             128                          0.0.0.0:22                        0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             80                                 *:3306                            *:*           
LISTEN        0             128                                *:80                              *:*           
LISTEN        0             128                             [::]:22                           [::]:*  

#使用臨時密碼登入修改密碼
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Jcselu.3md<w'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.31

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

yum安裝PHP

#安裝依賴包
[root@localhost ~]#  yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel  pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php-mysqlnd

[root@localhost ~]#  yum -y install php-*
[root@localhost ~]# php -v
PHP 7.2.24 (cli) (built: Oct 22 2019 08:28:36) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v7.2.24, Copyright (c) 1999-2018, by Zend Technologies

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
;listen = /run/php-fpm/www.sock #註釋此行
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000  #新增監聽埠

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start php-fp
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State         Recv-Q        Send-Q                 Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port        
LISTEN        0             128                        127.0.0.1:9000                      0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             128                          0.0.0.0:22                        0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             80                                 *:3306                            *:*           
LISTEN        0             128                                *:80                              *:*           
LISTEN        0             128                             [::]:22

配置apache

啟用代理模組

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
#LoadModule remoteip_module modules/mod_remoteip.so
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so                  //取消註釋
#LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
#LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
#LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so      //取消註釋
#LoadModule proxy_scgi_module modules/mod_proxy_scgi.so

建立虛擬主機目錄並生成php測試頁面

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir  /usr/local/apache/htdocs/test
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/htdocs/test/index.php
<?php
        phpinfo();
?>

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R apache.apache  /usr/local/apache/htdocs/

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
#在配置檔案的最後加入以下內容
<VirtualHost *:80>
        DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/test"
        ServerName  www.testhhhh.com
        ProxyRequests   Off
        ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/test/$1
        <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/test">
                Options none
                AllowOverride none
                Require all granted
        </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
    # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
    # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
    #
    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
    AddType application/x-httpd-php .php      #新增此行
    AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps   #新增此行
.......................................................
# is requested.
#
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.php  index.html   #新增index.php

[root@localhost ~]# apachectl restart

驗證

Ubuntu搭建LAMP
2014-06-20
UbuntuLAMP
php環境搭建---LAMP
2017-11-04
PHPLAMP
Centos6.5搭建LAMP
2017-11-12
CentOSLAMP
Centos7.2搭建Lamp
2017-11-12
CentOSLAMP
centos7lamp搭建
2017-11-16
CentOSLAMP
RedHat5.4搭建LAMP
2013-12-23
RedhatLAMP
搭建高效能LAMP架構：LAMP+FastCGI薦
2014-03-25
LAMP架構AST
Centos下搭建LAMP+PHP
2021-04-18
CentOSLAMPPHP
Ubuntu14.04搭建LAMP
2017-11-12
UbuntuLAMP
Ubuntu16.04搭建LAMP
2017-11-12
UbuntuLAMP
linux搭建lamp環境
2017-11-12
LinuxLAMP
lamp 以及ucenter、phpBB、discuz！搭建
2011-05-30
LAMPPHP
編譯搭建LAMP伺服器
2017-11-08
編譯LAMP伺服器
LAMP環境搭建-MySQL5.6
2017-11-12
LAMPMySql
【轉】 Windows下LAMP環境搭建
2012-11-14
WindowsLAMP
LAMP(CentOS 7.2)環境下搭建WordPress
2019-04-01
LAMPCentOS
CentOS 7.3搭建LAMP環境和Wordpress
2017-10-20
CentOSLAMP
linux中lamp的搭建（rpm）
2017-11-14
LinuxLAMP
CentOS7.3 編譯搭建 lamp 環境
2019-04-28
CentOS編譯LAMP
centos7.3搭建lamp實現使用wordpress
2017-09-28
CentOSLAMP
Linux下原始碼搭建LAMP環境
2017-11-10
Linux原始碼LAMP
搭建LAMP中安裝PHP遇到的故障
2017-11-12
LAMPPHP
CentOS6.7原始碼搭建LAMP平臺
2017-11-12
CentOS原始碼LAMP
lamp環境搭建與phpwind,wordprss實現
2017-11-12
LAMPPHP
CentOS7.0 LAMP環境搭建（MariaDB）
2016-07-08
CentOSLAMP
Linux-LAMP平臺搭建詳解
2014-11-20
LinuxLAMP
LAMP--原始碼MySQL叢集版搭建
2012-09-21
LAMP原始碼MySql
搭建lamp環境以及安裝配置phpmyadmin
2015-08-19
LAMPPHP
Lamp(linux+apache+mysql+php)環境搭建
2014-08-18
LAMPLinuxApacheMySqlPHP
PHP開發大牛必修課——LAMP平臺搭建
2016-03-25
PHPLAMP
CentOS下搭建LAMP環境及遇到的問題
2017-05-25
CentOSLAMP
RHEL5.3下搭建LAMP+Django環境（二）
2017-11-22
LAMPDjango
Linux下Lamp（rpm包）搭建+網頁管理mysql
2017-11-24
LinuxLAMP網頁MySql
Mac下使用Brew搭建PHP(LNMP/LAMP)開發環境
2015-03-03
MacPHPLNMPLAMP開發環境
在原始碼安裝的LAMP環境中搭建Nagios
2017-11-16
原始碼LAMPiOS
Ubuntu14.04LAMP搭建(Apache2.47+MySQL5.5+PHP5.5)
2015-01-28
UbuntuLAMPApacheMySqlPHP
HHvm建站環境搭建方法：Nginx、lnmp/lamp等安裝部署
2015-07-03
NginxLNMPLAMP
Windows10系統下LAMP開發環境的搭建
2016-05-17
WindowsLAMP開發環境