兩個階段：

1. 特徵提取方法：自迴歸（Autoregression，AR），公共空間模式（Common Spatial Pattern ，CSP），離散小波變換（Discrete Wavelet Transform，DWT）和功率譜密度（ Power Spectral Density，PSD）；
2. 特徵分類方法：Bagging、Boosting、AdaBoost

資料和程式碼

一、特徵提取

共空間模式 Common Spatial Pattern (CSP)

main_CSP

% Extract Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) Feature
close all; clear; clc;

load dataset_BCIcomp1.mat

EEGSignals.x=x_train;
EEGSignals.y=y_train;
Y=y_train;

classLabels = unique(EEGSignals.y); 
CSPMatrix = learnCSP(EEGSignals,classLabels);
nbFilterPairs = 1;

X = extractCSP(EEGSignals, CSPMatrix, nbFilterPairs);  
EEGSignals.x=x_test;
T = extractCSP(EEGSignals, CSPMatrix, nbFilterPairs);  

save dataCSP.mat X Y T


color_L = [0 102 255] ./ 255;
color_R = [255, 0, 102] ./ 255;

pos = find(Y==1);
plot(X(pos,1),X(pos,2),'x','Color',color_L,'LineWidth',2);

hold on
pos = find(Y==2);
plot(X(pos,1),X(pos,2),'o','Color',color_R,'LineWidth',2);

legend('Left Hand','Right Hand')
xlabel('C3','fontweight','bold')
ylabel('C4','fontweight','bold')

函式1：learnCSP
作用：學習CSP生成投影矩陣

function CSPMatrix = learnCSP(EEGSignals,classLabels)
%
%Input:
%EEGSignals: the training EEG signals, composed of 2 classes. These signals
%are a structure such that:
%   EEGSignals.x: the EEG signals as a [Ns * Nc * Nt] Matrix where
%       Ns: number of EEG samples per trial
%       Nc: number of channels (EEG electrodes)
%       nT: number of trials
%   EEGSignals.y: a [1 * Nt] vector containing the class labels for each trial
%   EEGSignals.s: the sampling frequency (in Hz)
%
%Output:
%CSPMatrix: the learnt CSP filters (a [Nc*Nc] matrix with the filters as rows)
%
%See also: extractCSPFeatures

%check and initializations
nbChannels = size(EEGSignals.x,2);
nbTrials = size(EEGSignals.x,3);
nbClasses = length(classLabels);

if nbClasses ~= 2
    disp('ERROR! CSP can only be used for two classes');
    return;
end

covMatrices = cell(nbClasses,1); %the covariance matrices for each class

%% Computing the normalized covariance matrices for each trial
trialCov = zeros(nbChannels,nbChannels,nbTrials);
for t=1:nbTrials
    E = EEGSignals.x(:,:,t)';                       %note the transpose
    EE = E * E';
    trialCov(:,:,t) = EE ./ trace(EE);
end
clear E;
clear EE;

%computing the covariance matrix for each class
for c=1:nbClasses      
    covMatrices{c} = mean(trialCov(:,:,EEGSignals.y == classLabels(c)),3); %EEGSignals.y==classLabels(c) returns the indeces corresponding to the class labels  
end

%the total covariance matrix
covTotal = covMatrices{1} + covMatrices{2};

%whitening transform of total covariance matrix
[Ut Dt] = eig(covTotal); %caution: the eigenvalues are initially in increasing order
eigenvalues = diag(Dt);
[eigenvalues egIndex] = sort(eigenvalues, 'descend');
Ut = Ut(:,egIndex);
P = diag(sqrt(1./eigenvalues)) * Ut';

%transforming covariance matrix of first class using P
transformedCov1 =  P * covMatrices{1} * P';

%EVD of the transformed covariance matrix
[U1 D1] = eig(transformedCov1);
eigenvalues = diag(D1);
[eigenvalues egIndex] = sort(eigenvalues, 'descend');
U1 = U1(:, egIndex);
CSPMatrix = U1' * P;

函式2：extractCSP
作用：特徵提取

function features = extractCSP(EEGSignals, CSPMatrix, nbFilterPairs)
%
%extract features from an EEG data set using the Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) algorithm
%
%Input:
%EEGSignals: the EEGSignals from which extracting the CSP features. These signals
%are a structure such that:
%   EEGSignals.x: the EEG signals as a [Ns * Nc * Nt] Matrix where
%       Ns: number of EEG samples per trial
%       Nc: number of channels (EEG electrodes)
%       nT: number of trials
%   EEGSignals.y: a [1 * Nt] vector containing the class labels for each trial
%   EEGSignals.s: the sampling frequency (in Hz)
%CSPMatrix: the CSP projection matrix, learnt previously (see function learnCSP)
%nbFilterPairs: number of pairs of CSP filters to be used. The number of
%   features extracted will be twice the value of this parameter. The
%   filters selected are the one corresponding to the lowest and highest
%   eigenvalues
%
%Output:
%features: the features extracted from this EEG data set 
%   as a [Nt * (nbFilterPairs*2 + 1)] matrix, with the class labels as the
%   last column   
%
%initializations

nbTrials = size(EEGSignals.x,3);
features = zeros(nbTrials, 2*nbFilterPairs+1);
Filter = CSPMatrix([1:nbFilterPairs (end-nbFilterPairs+1):end],:);

%extracting the CSP features from each trial
for t=1:nbTrials    
    %projecting the data onto the CSP filters    
    projectedTrial = Filter * EEGSignals.x(:,:,t)';    
    
    %generating the features as the log variance of the projected signals
    variances = var(projectedTrial,0,2);    
    for f=1:length(variances)
        features(t,f) = log(1+variances(f));
    end
end

原始資料集：3為通道，140為試驗trails

生成的特徵資料

特徵散點圖：

AR係數