電腦科學的學科分類

Summer發表於2021-11-19

轉自我的知乎回答 www.zhihu.com/question/20179642/an...

就我知道的, 有兩個分類:

Wiki上的分類 (這裡只列出大分類) :


  • Mathematical foundations 數學基礎

  • Theory of computation 計算機理論

  • Algorithms, data structures 演算法與資料結構

  • Programming languages, compilers 程式語言, 編譯器

  • Concurrent, parallel, distributed systems 並行, 分散式計算系統

  • Software engineering 軟體工程

  • System architecture 計算機系統架構

  • Telecommunication, networking 通訊與網路

  • Databases 資料庫

  • Artificial intelligence 人工智慧

  • Computer graphics 計算機圖形

  • Human–computer interaction 人機互動

  • Scientific computing 科學運算

ACM Computing Classification System

(1998):


A. General Literature

is for general computing literature. It includes subtopics for introductory and survey material, and for reference works.

常規計算機文學, 子話題包含學科 介紹 和 調查材料, 參考書目.

B. Hardware

Has subtopics for control structures and microprogramming, arithmetic and logic structures, memory structures, input/output and data communications, register-transfer-level implementation, logic design, integrated circuits, and performance and reliability.

硬體, 子話題包括 控制結構和微程式設計, 算術和邏輯結構, 記憶體結構, 輸入/輸出和資料通訊, 註冊器級別的內部實現, 邏輯設計, 積體電路, 效能和可靠性.

C. Computer Systems Organization

concerns computer systems organization. The subtopics of this section are processor architectures, computer-communication networks, special-purpose and application-based systems, performance of systems, and computer system implementation.

計算機系統組成, 子話題包括: 處理器架構, 計算機通訊網路, 特殊用途和基於應用的系統, 系統效能, 計算機系統實現.

D. Software

This section includes two subtopics on software development: programming techniques and software engineering. Two more subtopics concern the software infrastructure needed to run other software: programming languages and operating systems.

軟體, 在軟體開發上, 有這兩個話題: 程式設計技術 和 軟體工程, 在軟體實現架構上, 有這兩個話題: 程式語言 和 計算機作業系統.

E. Data

includes subtopics on data structures, data storage representations, data encryption, coding and information theory, and files.

資料, 子話題包括: 資料結構, 資料儲存理論, 資料加密, 編碼和資訊理論, 檔案.

F. Theory of Computation

includes several topics from the theory of computation: computation by abstract devices, analysis of algorithms and problem complexity, logics and meanings of programs, mathematical logic, and formal languages.

計算機理論, 包含以下子話題: 抽象裝置的計算, 演算法分析和問題複雜性, 程式的邏輯和意義, 數學邏輯和形式語言.

G. Mathematics of Computing

Its subtopics are numerical analysis, discrete mathematics, probability and statistics, and mathematical software.

計算機數學, 子話題: 數字分析, 離散數學, 概率和統計, 數學軟體.

H. Information Systems

It includes subtopics for models and principles, database management, information storage and retrieval, information systems applications, and information interfaces and presentation (e.g., HCI).

資訊系統, 子話題: 資料庫管理, 資訊儲存和檢索, 資訊系統應用, 資訊介面和表現 (如: HCI - Human computer interactioin 人機互動).

I. Computing Methodologies

Covers a diverse set of subtopics concerning different application areas of computation: symbolic and algebraic manipulation, artificial intelligence, computer graphics, image processing and computer vision, pattern recognition, simulation and modeling, and document and text processing.

計算機方法論, 子話題: 符號和代數操縱, 人工智慧, 計算機影像, 圖片處理和計算機視覺, 模式識別, 模擬和模型, 文件和文字處理.

J. Computer Applications

also covers computer applications, but with a focus more on the different application areas and less on the different styles of computation one does in each of those areas. Its subtopics are administrative data processing, physical sciences and engineering, life and medical sciences, social and behavioral sciences, arts and humanities, computer-aided engineering, and computers in other systems.

計算機應用, 子話題: 可管理的資料處理, 物理科學和工程, 生命和醫療學科, 社交和行為科學, 藝術和人性, 計算機輔助工程, 以及其他系統中的計算機.

K. Computing Milieux

The subtopics of this section are the computer industry, history of computing, computers and education, computers and society, legal aspects of computing, management of computing and information systems, the computing profession, and personal computing.

技術環境, 子話題: 計算機產業, 計算機歷史, 計算機和教育, 計算機和社會, 計算機法律, 計算機資訊管理, 計算機專業, 個人計算機.

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