一般在框架中都會用到composer工具,用它來管理依賴。其中composer有類的自動載入機制,可以載入composer下載的庫中的所有的類檔案。那麼composer的自動載入機制是怎麼實現的呢?
composer 自動載入原理
以在Laravel框架中為例:
1. 首先在入口檔案(/public/index.php)中引入了autoload.php
```
require __DIR__.'/../vendor/autoload.php';
```
2. 我們看看autoload.php的內容
```
require_once __DIR__ . '/composer/autoload_real.php';
return ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273::getLoader();
```
3. 我們再看看 autoload_real.php的內容
```
<?php
// autoload_real.php @generated by Composer
class ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273
{
private static $loader;
public static function loadClassLoader($class)
{
if ('Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader' === $class) {
require __DIR__ . '/ClassLoader.php';
}
}
public static function getLoader()
{
if (null !== self::$loader) {
return self::$loader;
}
spl_autoload_register(array('ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273', 'loadClassLoader'), true, true);
self::$loader = $loader = new \Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader();
spl_autoload_unregister(array('ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273', 'loadClassLoader'));
$useStaticLoader = PHP_VERSION_ID >= 50600 && !defined('HHVM_VERSION') && (!function_exists('zend_loader_file_encoded') || !zend_loader_file_encoded());
if ($useStaticLoader) {
require_once __DIR__ . '/autoload_static.php';
call_user_func(\Composer\Autoload\ComposerStaticInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273::getInitializer($loader));
} else {
$map = require __DIR__ . '/autoload_namespaces.php';
foreach ($map as $namespace => $path) {
$loader->set($namespace, $path);
}
$map = require __DIR__ . '/autoload_psr4.php';
foreach ($map as $namespace => $path) {
$loader->setPsr4($namespace, $path);
}
$classMap = require __DIR__ . '/autoload_classmap.php';
if ($classMap) {
$loader->addClassMap($classMap);
}
}
$loader->register(true);
if ($useStaticLoader) {
$includeFiles = Composer\Autoload\ComposerStaticInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273::$files;
} else {
$includeFiles = require __DIR__ . '/autoload_files.php';
}
foreach ($includeFiles as $fileIdentifier => $file) {
composerRequire1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273($fileIdentifier, $file);
}
return $loader;
}
}
function composerRequire1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273($fileIdentifier, $file)
{
if (empty($GLOBALS['__composer_autoload_files'][$fileIdentifier])) {
require $file;
$GLOBALS['__composer_autoload_files'][$fileIdentifier] = true;
}
}
```
可以看出這一段是composer自動載入的重點,首先在 autoload.php中呼叫ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273::getLoader()方法,getLoader()首先判斷當前??????是不是????,如果不為????就直接返回,否則就初始化一個???????????類給賦值給loader是不是null,如果不為null就直接返回,否則就初始化一個ClassLoader類給賦值給loader,接著將autoload_namespaces.php、autoload_psr4.php、autoload_classmap.php檔案中的內容加入到$loader中對應的陣列中,然後給註冊loadClass函式,將autoload_files.php中的所有路徑所示的檔案都包含進來,當在new一個類的時候如果沒有找到相關的類就會觸發這個loadClass函式,在loadClass()又呼叫了findFile()去查詢相應的檔案,找到相應檔案後就會返回該檔案,然後loadClass呼叫includeFile()方法將該檔案include進去,否則findFile返回false,這樣就完成了自動載入
4. 下面來看一下 findFile()
public function findFile($class)
{
// class map lookup
if (isset($this->classMap[$class])) {
return $this->classMap[$class];
}
if ($this->classMapAuthoritative || isset($this->missingClasses[$class])) {
return false;
}
if (null !== $this->apcuPrefix) {
$file = apcu_fetch($this->apcuPrefix.$class, $hit);
if ($hit) {
return $file;
}
}
$file = $this->findFileWithExtension($class, '.php');
// Search for Hack files if we are running on HHVM
if (false === $file && defined('HHVM_VERSION')) {
$file = $this->findFileWithExtension($class, '.hh');
}
if (null !== $this->apcuPrefix) {
apcu_add($this->apcuPrefix.$class, $file);
}
if (false === $file) {
// Remember that this class does not exist.
$this->missingClasses[$class] = true;
}
return $file;
}
private function findFileWithExtension($class, $ext)
{
// PSR-4 lookup
$logicalPathPsr4 = strtr($class, '\\', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) . $ext;
$first = $class[0];
if (isset($this->prefixLengthsPsr4[$first])) {
$subPath = $class;
while (false !== $lastPos = strrpos($subPath, '\\')) {
$subPath = substr($subPath, 0, $lastPos);
$search = $subPath.'\\';
if (isset($this->prefixDirsPsr4[$search])) {
$pathEnd = DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . substr($logicalPathPsr4, $lastPos + 1);
foreach ($this->prefixDirsPsr4[$search] as $dir) {
if (file_exists($file = $dir . $pathEnd)) {
return $file;
}
}
}
}
}
// PSR-4 fallback dirs
foreach ($this->fallbackDirsPsr4 as $dir) {
if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $logicalPathPsr4)) {
return $file;
}
}
// PSR-0 lookup
if (false !== $pos = strrpos($class, '\\')) {
// namespaced class name
$logicalPathPsr0 = substr($logicalPathPsr4, 0, $pos + 1)
. strtr(substr($logicalPathPsr4, $pos + 1), '_', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
} else {
// PEAR-like class name
$logicalPathPsr0 = strtr($class, '_', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) . $ext;
}
if (isset($this->prefixesPsr0[$first])) {
foreach ($this->prefixesPsr0[$first] as $prefix => $dirs) {
if (0 === strpos($class, $prefix)) {
foreach ($dirs as $dir) {
if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $logicalPathPsr0)) {
return $file;
}
}
}
}
}
// PSR-0 fallback dirs
foreach ($this->fallbackDirsPsr0 as $dir) {
if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $logicalPathPsr0)) {
return $file;
}
}
// PSR-0 include paths.
if ($this->useIncludePath && $file = stream_resolve_include_path($logicalPathPsr0)) {
return $file;
}
return false;
}
4. findFile()函式先在classMap中查詢,如果找不到的話就會嘗試在apcu快取中查詢,如果還是找不到的話就會呼叫findFileWithExtension()函式查詢,如果找到了就會將該檔案加到apcu快取,如果找不到的話就會在missingClasses陣列中設一個標記表示識這個類找不到
findFileWithExtension()方法根據之前通過??????−>???(loader−>set(namespace, ???ℎ)和path)和loader->setPsr4(?????????,namespace,path)方法設定的資訊找出類檔案的路徑資訊
5. 在上面有的地方用到了 spl_autoload_register和spl_autoload_unregister函式
1. spl_autoload_register函式
spl_autoload_register — 註冊給定的函式作為 __autoload 的實現,
bool spl_autoload_register ([ callable ????????????????[,????autoloadfunction[,boolthrow = true [, bool $prepend = false ]]] )
prepend
如果是 true,spl_autoload_register() 會新增函式到佇列之首,而不是佇列尾部。如果在你的程式中已經實現了autoload()函式,它必須顯式註冊到autoload()佇列中。因為 spl_autoload_register()函式會將Zend Engine中的__autoload()函式取代為spl_autoload()或spl_autoload_call()
例:function __autoload($name) { require 'class/'.$name.'.php'; echo '1'; } function autoload_test($name) { echo '2'; } spl_autoload_register('autoload_test'); spl_autoload_register('__autoload'); $ca=new Ca();
2. spl_autoload_unregister函式
spl_autoload_unregister — 登出已註冊的autoload()函式,如果該函式佇列處於啟用狀態,並且在給定函式登出後該佇列變為空,則該函式佇列將會變為無效。如果該函式登出後使得自動裝載函式佇列無效,即使存在有autoload函式它也不會自動啟用。
- bool spl_autoload_unregister ( mixed $autoload_function )
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