LeetCode 156 Binary Tree Upside Down 上下翻轉二叉樹

胡椒五菇發表於2019-01-19

LeetCode 156 Binary Tree Upside Down

Given a binary tree where all the right nodes are either leaf nodes with a sibling (a left node that shares the same parent node) or empty, flip it upside down and turn it into a tree where the original right nodes turned into left leaf nodes. Return the new root.

Example:

Input: [1,2,3,4,5]

    1
   / 
  2   3
 / 
4   5

Output: return the root of the binary tree [4,5,2,#,#,3,1]
翻轉以後如下:

   4
  / 
 5   2
    / 
   3   1 

解題思路:
翻轉的形式一開始不是很清楚,但是discuss裡面的高票答案給了一個很好的解釋。看例子,樹的左邊最深的底層是4,4是新的root。對於每個root node,將連結右孩子的指標去掉,將root node變為當前左孩子的left node,root node成為左孩子的right node。

    1
   /  x
  2 -- 3
 /  x
4 -- 5
^
new root

遞迴的寫法:

    public TreeNode upsideDownBinaryTree(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null || root.left == null) {
            return root;
        }
        //遞迴呼叫得到新的root,並且沿途改變結構。
        TreeNode newRoot = upsideDownBinaryTree(root.left);
        root.left.left = root.right;
        root.left.right = root;
        //千萬記得將root node 的左右兩邊設為null
        root.left = null;
        root.right = null;
        return newRoot;
    }

遍歷的解法
遍歷的解法需要四個指標,如圖所示,每次先update next,然後對swap上一個node的右孩子和這個node的左孩子,所以每次我們需要一個temp來記錄上一個node的右邊孩子。

   prev -> 1
          /  x
 curr -> 2 -- 3  <-temp
        /  x
next-> 4 -- 5
      ^
    new root

程式碼如下

    public TreeNode upsideDownBinaryTree(TreeNode root) {
        //iterative
        TreeNode curr = root;
        TreeNode prev = null;
        TreeNode next = null;
        TreeNode temp = null;
        while(curr != null) {
            next = curr.left;
            //swap nodes, we need to keep a temp to track the right node
            curr.left = temp;
            temp = curr.right;
            curr.right = prev;
            
            prev = curr;
            curr = next;
        }
        return prev;

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