藉助一點程式設計工作,iPhone的機載加速計就可以使物件在螢幕上四處“移動”,實時響應使用者傾斜手機的方式。下面的程式碼就是建立一個動畫式的蝴蝶,使用者可以使之快速移過螢幕。
使之工作的祕密在於:向程式中新增一個所謂的"物理計時器“。他不是直接響應加速中的變化,而是加速計回撥用於測量當前的力。它取決於計時器例程隨著 時間的推移通過改變他的畫面對蝴蝶應用那些力。下面是列出要記住的關鍵點。
(1).只要力的方向仍然保持相同,蝴蝶就會加速。他的速度會依據加速力在x或y方向上的量度成比例的提高。
(2).由計時器用的rick例程將通過蝴蝶的原點新增速度向量來移動蝴蝶。
(3).蝴蝶移動的範圍是有界限的,因此,當他撞到某個邊緣時,將會停止那個方向的移動。還可以一直講蝴蝶保留在螢幕中。tick方法將會檢查界限條件。
(4).蝴蝶會改變它自身的方向,使之總是下落。可以在tick方法中應用一個簡單的旋轉變換來實現這一點。在使用變換時,還要關注畫面或中心偏移。在應用偏移之前,總是要重置數學處理,然後重新應用任何角度改變。不這樣的話,可能導致畫面出人意料的放大,收縮或扭曲。
程式碼如下:
#define SIGN(_NUM_) ((_NUM_ < 0) ? (-1) : 1) #define RECTCENTER(RECT) CGPointMake(CGRectGetMidX(RECT), CGRectGetMidY(RECT)) @interface ViewController () { UIImageView *butterfly; float xaccel; float xvelocity; float yaccel; float yvelocity; float mostRecentAngle; } @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor]; [self initButterfly]; } - (void) initButterfly { CGSize size; // Load the animation cells NSMutableArray *butterflies = [NSMutableArray array]; for (int i = 1; i <= 17; i++) { NSString *fileName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"bf_%d.png", i]; UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:fileName]; size = image.size; [butterflies addObject:image]; } // Begin the animation butterfly = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:(CGRect){.size=size}]; [butterfly setAnimationImages:butterflies]; butterfly.animationDuration = 0.75f; [butterfly startAnimating]; // Set the butterfly's initial speed and acceleration xaccel = 2.0f; yaccel = 2.0f; xvelocity = 0.0f; yvelocity = 0.0f; // Add the butterfly butterfly.center = RECTCENTER(self.view.bounds); [self.view addSubview:butterfly]; // Activate the accelerometer [[UIAccelerometer sharedAccelerometer] setDelegate:self]; // Start the physics timer [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval: 0.03f target: self selector: @selector(tick) userInfo: nil repeats: YES]; } - (void) tick { butterfly.transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity; // Move the butterfly according to the current velocity vector CGRect rect = CGRectOffset(butterfly.frame, xvelocity, 0.0f); if (CGRectContainsRect(self.view.bounds, rect)) butterfly.frame = rect; rect = CGRectOffset(butterfly.frame, 0.0f, yvelocity); if (CGRectContainsRect(self.view.bounds, rect)) butterfly.frame = rect; butterfly.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(mostRecentAngle + M_PI_2); } - (void)accelerometer:(UIAccelerometer *)accelerometer didAccelerate:(UIAcceleration *)acceleration { // extract the acceleration components float xx = -acceleration.x; float yy = acceleration.y; mostRecentAngle = atan2(yy, xx); // Has the direction changed? float accelDirX = SIGN(xvelocity) * -1.0f; float newDirX = SIGN(xx); float accelDirY = SIGN(yvelocity) * -1.0f; float newDirY = SIGN(yy); // Accelerate. To increase viscosity lower the additive value if (accelDirX == newDirX) xaccel = (abs(xaccel) + 0.85f) * SIGN(xaccel); if (accelDirY == newDirY) yaccel = (abs(yaccel) + 0.85f) * SIGN(yaccel); // Apply acceleration changes to the current velocity xvelocity = -xaccel * xx; yvelocity = -yaccel * yy; }