嵌入式Linux—輸入子系統

Tayoou發表於2023-02-26

輸入系統

常見的輸入裝置有鍵盤、滑鼠、遙控杆、書寫板、觸控式螢幕等等,使用者透過這些輸入裝置與Linux系統進行資料交換。

核心中怎樣表示一個輸入裝置

// include/linux/input.h
struct input_dev {
	const char *name;  //裝置名稱
	const char *phys;  //裝置物理路徑
	const char *uniq;  //裝置唯一標識碼
	struct input_id id;

	unsigned long propbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(INPUT_PROP_CNT)];

	unsigned long evbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(EV_CNT)];   //支援什麼型別的輸入事件
	unsigned long keybit[BITS_TO_LONGS(KEY_CNT)]; //支援按鍵輸入事件的話,支援哪些按鍵(鍵盤)
	unsigned long relbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(REL_CNT)]; //支援相對位移事件的話,支援哪些
	unsigned long absbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(ABS_CNT)];
	unsigned long mscbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(MSC_CNT)];
	unsigned long ledbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(LED_CNT)];
	unsigned long sndbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(SND_CNT)];
	unsigned long ffbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(FF_CNT)];
	unsigned long swbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(SW_CNT)];
	
	.......
	
	};

檢視所有的輸入裝置:

ls /dev/input/* -l

檢視輸入裝置的資訊:

cat /proc/bus/input/devices

得到如下資訊:

[root@imx6ull:~]# cat /proc/bus/input/devices
I: Bus=0019 Vendor=0000 Product=0000 Version=0000
N: Name="20cc000.snvs:snvs-powerkey"
P: Phys=snvs-pwrkey/input0
S: Sysfs=/devices/soc0/soc/2000000.aips-bus/20cc000.snvs/20cc000.snvs:snvs-powerkey/input/input0
U: Uniq=
H: Handlers=kbd event0 evbug
B: PROP=0
B: EV=3
B: KEY=100000 0 0 0

I: Bus=0018 Vendor=dead Product=beef Version=28bb  //裝置ID(定義在input.h的struct input_id結構體)
N: Name="goodix-ts"      //名稱
P: Phys=input/ts         //實體地址
S: Sysfs=/devices/virtual/input/input1  //sys系統地址
U: Uniq=          //標識號(無)
H: Handlers=event1 evbug
B: PROP=2        //裝置屬性
B: EV=b          //支援何種輸入事件 
B: KEY=1c00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0   //裝置具有的鍵
B: ABS=6e18000 0

I: Bus=0019 Vendor=0001 Product=0001 Version=0100
N: Name="gpio-keys"
P: Phys=gpio-keys/input0
S: Sysfs=/devices/soc0/gpio-keys/input/input2
U: Uniq=
H: Handlers=kbd event2 evbug
B: PROP=0
B: EV=3
B: KEY=c

APP可以獲得什麼資料

// include/linux/input.h
struct input_value {
	__u16 type;   //當前資料的事件型別
	__u16 code;   //當前事件型別下的哪一個事件
	__s32 value;  //
};

Type的內容:

// include/uapi/linux/input-event-codes.h
/*
 * Event types
 */

#define EV_SYN			0x00  //同步事件
#define EV_KEY			0x01  //鍵盤事件
#define EV_REL			0x02  //相對位移事件
#define EV_ABS			0x03  //絕對位移事件
#define EV_MSC			0x04
#define EV_SW			0x05
#define EV_LED			0x11
#define EV_SND			0x12
#define EV_REP			0x14
#define EV_FF			0x15
#define EV_PWR			0x16
#define EV_FF_STATUS		0x17
#define EV_MAX			0x1f
#define EV_CNT			(EV_MAX+1)

code的內容(以EV_KEY舉例)

// include/uapi/linux/input-event-codes.h
#define KEY_RESERVED		0
#define KEY_ESC			1
#define KEY_1			2
#define KEY_2			3
#define KEY_3			4
#define KEY_4			5
#define KEY_5			6
#define KEY_6			7
#define KEY_7			8
#define KEY_8			9
#define KEY_9			10
#define KEY_0			11

獲取輸入裝置資訊例項

兩個ioctl的request引數說明(input.h)
request 說明
EVIOCGID 返回輸入裝置ID
EVIOCGBIT(ev,len) 獲取輸入裝置支援的事件型別列表

ev值的說明:ev引數列示要獲取的事件型別,它是一個整數值

  • 當ev=0,表示要獲取輸入裝置支援的所有事件型別列表,包括鍵盤事件、滑鼠事件、相對事件、絕對事件、事件同步、雜項事件等。
  • 當ev=1,表示要獲取輸入裝置支援的鍵盤事件型別列表。
  • 當ev=2,表示要獲取輸入裝置支援的相對事件型別列表。

EVIOCGBIT的iotcl呼叫說明:必須使用

len = ioctl(fd, EVIOCGBIT(0, sizeof(evbit)), evbit);    
//len是evbit的實際讀取大小,如果單獨使用sizeof(evbit)得到len,將發生段錯誤
原始碼:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/input.h>

/* 用法:./get_input_info /dev/input/event0 */
int main(int argc, char const **argv)
{
	int fd;
	struct input_id id;
	int err;
	unsigned char byte;
	unsigned int evbit[2];
	int i;
	int bit;
	unsigned int len;
	char *ev_names[] = {
		"EV_SYN ",
		"EV_KEY ",
		"EV_REL ",
		"EV_ABS ",
		"EV_MSC ",
		"EV_SW	",
		"NULL ",
		"NULL ",
		"NULL ",
		"NULL ",
		"NULL ",
		"NULL ",
		"NULL ",
		"NULL ",
		"NULL ",
		"NULL ",
		"NULL ",
		"EV_LED ",
		"EV_SND ",
		"NULL ",
		"EV_REP ",
		"EV_FF	",
		"EV_PWR ",
	};

	if(argc != 2) 
	{
		printf("Usage: %s <dev>\n", argv[0]);
		return -1;
	}
	fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);
	if(fd == -1) 
	{
		printf("can not open %s\n", argv[1]);
		return -1;
	}
	err = ioctl(fd, EVIOCGID, &id);      //返回輸入裝置ID
	if(err == 0)
	{
		printf("bustype = 0x%x\n", id.bustype );
		printf("vendor	= 0x%x\n", id.vendor  );
		printf("product = 0x%x\n", id.product );
		printf("version = 0x%x\n", id.version );
	}
	len = ioctl(fd, EVIOCGBIT(0,sizeof(evbit)), evbit);   //返回輸入事件型別
	printf("support ev type:\n");
	for(i = 0;i < len;i++)
	{
		byte = ((unsigned char *)evbit)[i];
		for(bit = 0;bit < 8;bit++)
		{
			if(byte & (1<<bit))
			{
				printf("%s \n", ev_names[i*8 + bit]);
			}
		}

	}
	return 0;

}

實驗結果:
[root@imx6ull:/mnt]# ./get_input_info /dev/input/event0
bustype = 0x19
vendor  = 0x0
product = 0x0
version = 0x0
support ev type:
EV_SYN
EV_KEY
[root@imx6ull:/mnt]# ./get_input_info /dev/input/event1
bustype = 0x18
vendor  = 0xdead
product = 0xbeef
version = 0x28bb
support ev type:
EV_SYN
EV_KEY
EV_ABS
[root@imx6ull:~]# cat /proc/bus/input/devices
I: Bus=0019 Vendor=0000 Product=0000 Version=0000
N: Name="20cc000.snvs:snvs-powerkey"
P: Phys=snvs-pwrkey/input0
S: Sysfs=/devices/soc0/soc/2000000.aips-bus/20cc000.snvs/20cc000.snvs:snvs-powerkey/input/input0
U: Uniq=
H: Handlers=kbd event0 evbug
B: PROP=0
B: EV=3
B: KEY=100000 0 0 0

I: Bus=0018 Vendor=dead Product=beef Version=28bb
N: Name="goodix-ts"
P: Phys=input/ts
S: Sysfs=/devices/virtual/input/input1
U: Uniq=
H: Handlers=event1 evbug
B: PROP=2
B: EV=b
B: KEY=1c00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B: ABS=6e18000 0

I: Bus=0019 Vendor=0001 Product=0001 Version=0100
N: Name="gpio-keys"
P: Phys=gpio-keys/input0
S: Sysfs=/devices/soc0/gpio-keys/input/input2
U: Uniq=
H: Handlers=kbd event2 evbug
B: PROP=0
B: EV=3
B: KEY=c

結論:EV值與程式輸出的type結果一致

查詢和休眠喚醒方式讀輸入事件

所謂的阻塞與非阻塞,是在open處宣告。當設定為阻塞方式,如果沒有輸入事件,整個程式都在阻塞態

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>


/* 用法:./get_input_info /dev/input/event0 */
int main(int argc, char const **argv)
{
	int fd;
	unsigned int len;
	struct input_event event;   //read讀到的是input_event型別的結構體

	if(argc < 2) 
	{
		printf("Usage: %s <dev> [noblock]\n", argv[0]);
		return -1;
	}
	if(argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[2], "noblock"))
	{
		fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);  //非阻塞(查詢)
	}
	else
	{
		fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);
	}
	if(fd == -1) 
	{
		printf("can not open %s\n", argv[1]);
		return -1;
	}

	while(1)
	{
		len = read(fd, &event, sizeof(event));     //阻塞方式下,程式阻塞在此
		if(len == sizeof(event))
		{
			printf("type = 0x%x, code = 0x%x, value = 0x%x", event.type, event.code, event.value);
		}
		else
		{
			printf("read err %d", len);
		}
	}
	return 0;

}

實驗現象:
  • 查詢方式(非阻塞):反覆查詢,輸出"read err",直到操作輸入裝置時,輸出內容更改為輸入事件內容
  • 休眠-喚醒方式(阻塞):只有操作螢幕,才會輸出事件內容

POLL方式讀輸入事件

poll會在設定的時間內進行監聽,當改時間內有輸入事件返回或超過設定時間沒有事件返回,poll都將喚醒。poll/select函式可以監測多個檔案,可以監測多種事件。

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <poll.h>


/* 用法:./get_input_info /dev/input/event0 */
int main(int argc, char const **argv)
{
	int fd;
	struct input_event event;   //read讀到的是input_event型別的結構體
	struct pollfd pollfd;
	nfds_t nfds = 1;      //同時開啟一個檔案

	if(argc != 2) 
	{
		printf("Usage: %s <dev>\n", argv[0]);
		return -1;
	}
	fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);  //非阻塞(查詢)
	if(fd == -1) 
	{
		printf("can not open %s\n", argv[1]);
		return -1;
	}
	while(1)
	{
		pollfd.fd = fd;
		pollfd.events = POLLIN;
		pollfd.revents = 0;     //revents初始化為0,當有輸入事件傳入,核心改寫revents
		poll(&pollfd, nfds, 3000);    //poll等待時間為3s
		if(pollfd.revents == POLLIN)      //只有poll函式返回了資料,才呼叫read
		{
			while(read(fd, &event, sizeof(event)) == sizeof(event))    //把一次獲取到的資料讀完再退出
			{
				printf("type = 0x%x, code = 0x%x, value = 0x%x\n", event.type, event.code, event.value);
			}
		}
		else if(pollfd.revents == 0)
		{
			printf("time out\n");
		}
		else
		{
			printf("read err\n");
		}
	}
	return 0;

}
關於POLL實現多路複用IO
struct pollfd pollfd[n];    //n為檔案個數
nfds_t nfds = n;      //同時開啟n個檔案

.......

if(pollfd[0].revents == POLLIN){}     //依次訪問revents
if(pollfd[1].revents == POLLIN){}

.......

非同步通知方式讀輸入事件

[補充]fcntl的五個功能:

  • 複製一個現有的描述符(cmd=F_DUPFD).
  • 獲得/設定檔案描述符標記(cmd=F_GETFD或F_SETFD).
  • 獲得/設定檔案狀態標記(cmd=F_GETFL或F_SETFL).
  • 獲得/設定非同步I/O所有權(cmd=F_GETOWN或F_SETOWN).
  • 獲得/設定記錄鎖(cmd=F_GETLK , F_SETLK或F_SETLKW).
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>

int fd;

void sig_func(int sig)
{
	struct input_event event;
	while(read(fd, &event, sizeof(event)) == sizeof(event))
	{
		printf("type = 0x%x, code = 0x%x, value = 0x%x\n", event.type, event.code, event.value);
	}
}


/* 用法:./get_input_info /dev/input/event0 */
int main(int argc, char const **argv)
{	
	int count = 0;
	unsigned short flag;
	if(argc != 2) 
	{
		printf("Usage: %s <dev>\n", argv[0]);
		return -1;
	}
	signal(SIGIO, sig_func);   //1.註冊訊號處理函式(訊號型別為IO型別)
	fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);  //2.開啟驅動(一定要用非阻塞方式,否則無輸入事件程式一直被阻塞)
	if(fd == -1) 
	{
		printf("can not open %s\n", argv[1]);
		return -1;
	}
	fcntl(fd ,F_SETOWN, getpid());   //3.告知驅動程式app程式ID
	flag = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);       //4.獲得檔案狀態標記
	fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flag | FASYNC); //5.設定檔案狀態標記(將程式新增到驅動fasync事件等待佇列)
	
	while(1)
	{
		printf("count = %d\n", count++);
		sleep(2);
	}
	return 0;

}

實驗結果:
[root@imx6ull:/mnt]# ./get_input_info /dev/input/event1
count = 0
count = 1
count = 2               //無輸入事件時正常計數
type = 0x3, code = 0x39, value = 0x6
type = 0x3, code = 0x35, value = 0x1a6
type = 0x3, code = 0x36, value = 0x131
type = 0x3, code = 0x30, value = 0x1f
type = 0x3, code = 0x3a, value = 0x1f
type = 0x1, code = 0x14a, value = 0x1
type = 0x0, code = 0x0, value = 0x0
count = 3
type = 0x3, code = 0x35, value = 0x1a7
type = 0x0, code = 0x0, value = 0x0
count = 4
type = 0x3, code = 0x35, value = 0x1a9
type = 0x0, code = 0x0, value = 0x0
count = 5
type = 0x3, code = 0x35, value = 0x1a8
type = 0x0, code = 0x0, value = 0x0
count = 6

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