模擬手動建庫的過程，往往在中間建立引數檔案的過程容易出錯，
最容易出錯的地方是審計目錄的設定，容易被忽略，其次就是控制檔案目錄
的設定，往往在啟動例項的時候報錯ORA-09925:。以下是模擬一些錯誤並糾正的過程。

1、確定例項名：
[oracle@enmo ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=PROD

[oracle@enmo ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@enmo dbs]$

[oracle@enmo dbs]$ ls
hc_OCMU.dat initOCMU.ora init.ora.bck lkORA11GR2 orapwPROD spfileOCMU.ora
hc_PROD.dat init.ora initPROD.ora lkPROD snapcf_OCMU.f spfilePROD.ora
[oracle@enmo dbs]$

2、從spfile檔案建立pfile檔案：
[oracle@enmo dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Oct 13 13:54:17 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

3、開啟例項到nomount狀態：
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2257840 bytes
Variable Size 541068368 bytes
Database Buffers 289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers 2371584 bytes
SQL> select status fron v$instance;
select status fron v$instance
*
SQL> select status from v$instance ;

STATUS
------------
STARTED

這個狀態下，還沒有開啟spfile引數檔案：

4、建立引數pfile檔案：
SQL> create pfile from spfile;

File created.
檔案已經建立。

[oracle@enmo dbs]$ ls
hc_OCMU.dat initOCMU.ora init.ora.bck lkORA11GR2 orapwPROD spfileOCMU.ora
hc_PROD.dat init.ora initPROD.ora lkPROD snapcf_OCMU.f spfilePROD.ora
[oracle@enmo dbs]$

5、修改pfile引數檔案並模擬設定audit_file_dest目錄錯誤情況：
修改前：
[oracle@enmo dbs]$ vi initPROD.ora
PROD.__db_cache_size=289406976
PROD.__java_pool_size=4194304
PROD.__large_pool_size=71303168
PROD.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
PROD.__pga_aggregate_target=335544320
PROD.__sga_target=503316480
PROD.__shared_io_pool_size=0
PROD.__shared_pool_size=130023424
PROD.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/prod/adump'
*.compatible='11.2.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/ora_control1.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/ora_control2.ctl',
'/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ora_control3.ctl','/u01/app/FRA/ora_control4.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain='oracle.com'
*.db_name='PROD'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=3221225472
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/FRA/'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
*.memory_target=800M
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

修改後：
[oracle@enmo dbs]$ vi initPROD.ora
PROD.__db_cache_size=289406976
PROD.__java_pool_size=4194304
PROD.__large_pool_size=71303168
PROD.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
PROD.__pga_aggregate_target=335544320
PROD.__sga_target=503316480
PROD.__shared_io_pool_size=0
PROD.__shared_pool_size=130023424
PROD.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/admin/prod/adump'
*.compatible='11.2.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/ora_control1.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/ora_control2.ctl',
'/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ora_control3.ctl','/u01/app/FRA/ora_control4.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain='oracle.com'
*.db_name='PROD'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=3221225472
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/FRA/'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
*.memory_target=800M
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

6、生成spfile檔案：
SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

7、開啟例項：
[oracle@enmo dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Oct 13 14:16:27 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount;
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
發現報錯，是由於Unable to create audit trail file系統沒有相應的目錄。

8、檢視系統層的目錄/路徑：
[oracle@enmo prod]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/admin/prod
[oracle@enmo prod]$ cd adump
[oracle@enmo adump]$

9、去修改pfile檔案，重新生成spfile檔案：
[oracle@enmo dbs]$ vi initPROD.ora
PROD.__db_cache_size=289406976
PROD.__java_pool_size=4194304
PROD.__large_pool_size=71303168
PROD.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
PROD.__pga_aggregate_target=335544320
PROD.__sga_target=503316480
PROD.__shared_io_pool_size=0
PROD.__shared_pool_size=130023424
PROD.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/admin/prod/adump' ----糾正後
*.compatible='11.2.0'
... ...

10、從 pfile生成spfile：
SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

11、修改過後，啟動資料庫到nomount狀態：
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2257840 bytes
Variable Size 541068368 bytes
Database Buffers 289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers 2371584 bytes
SQL>

12、到這裡，直接執行建庫指令碼。
由於我的已經建好，所以直接修改到mount狀態。
SQL> alter database mount;

Database altered.

手動建庫過程錯誤

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