MediaPlus是基於FFmpeg從零開發的android多媒體元件,主要包括:採集,編碼,同步,推流,濾鏡及直播及短視訊比較通用的功能等,後續功能的新增都會有相應文件更新,感謝關注。
- android相機的視訊採集格式比較多 ,如:NV21,NV12,YV12等。他們之間的區別就是U,V排列順序不一致,具體YUV相關內容可以看看其他詳細的文件,如:[總結]FFMPEG視音訊編解碼零基礎學習方法。
需要了解的就是:YUV取樣,資料分佈及空間大小計算。
YUV取樣:
YUV420P YUV排序如下圖:
NV12,NV21,YV12,I420都屬於YUV420,但是YUV420 又分為YUV420P,YUV420SP,P與SP區別就是,前者YUV420P UV順序儲存,而YUV420SP則是UV交錯儲存,這是最大的區別,具體的yuv排序就是這樣的:
I420: YYYYYYYY UU VV ->YUV420P
YV12: YYYYYYYY VV UU ->YUV420P
NV12: YYYYYYYY UVUV ->YUV420SP
NV21: YYYYYYYY VUVU ->YUV420SP
那麼H264編碼,為什麼需要把android 相機採集的NV21資料轉換成YUV420P?
剛開始對這些顏色格式也很模糊,後來找到了真理:因為H264編碼必須要用 I420, 所以這裡必須要處理色彩格式轉換。
MediaPlus採集視訊資料為NV21格式,以下描述如何獲取android camera採集的每一幀資料,並處理色彩格式轉換,程式碼如下:
獲取相機採集資料:
mCamera = Camera.open(Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK); mParams = mCamera.getParameters(); setCameraDisplayOrientation(this, Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK, mCamera); mParams.setPreviewSize(SRC_FRAME_WIDTH, SRC_FRAME_HEIGHT); mParams.setPreviewFormat(ImageFormat.NV21); //preview format:NV21 mParams.setFocusMode(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_CONTINUOUS_VIDEO); m_camera.setDisplayOrientation(90); mCamera.setParameters(mParams); // setting camera parameters m_camera.addCallbackBuffer(m_nv21); m_camera.setPreviewCallbackWithBuffer(this); m_camera.startPreview(); @Override public void onPreviewFrame(byte[] data, Camera camera) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //data這裡就是獲取到的NV21資料 m_camera.addCallbackBuffer(m_nv21);//這裡要新增一次緩衝,否則onPreviewFrame可能不會再被回撥 }複製程式碼
因為NV21資料的所需空間大小(位元組)=寬 x 高 x 3 / 2 (y=WxH,u=WxH/4,v=WxH/4);所以我們需要建立一個byte陣列,作為採集視訊資料的緩衝區.
MediaPlus>>app.mobile.nativeapp.com.libmedia.core.streamer.RtmpPushStreamer 類主要採集音視訊資料,並交由底層處理;有兩個執行緒分別用於處理音視訊,AudioThread 、VideoThread.
- 首先看下VideoThread
/**
* 視訊採集執行緒
*/
class VideoThread extends Thread {
public volatile boolean m_bExit = false;
byte[] m_nv21Data = new byte[mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth
* mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight * 3 / 2];
byte[] m_I420Data = new byte[mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth
* mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight * 3 / 2];
byte[] m_RotateData = new byte[mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth
* mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight * 3 / 2];
byte[] m_MirrorData = new byte[mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth
* mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight * 3 / 2];
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.run();
VideoCaptureInterface.GetFrameDataReturn ret;
while (!m_bExit) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1, 10);
if (m_bExit) {
break;
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
ret = mVideoCapture.GetFrameData(m_nv21Data,
m_nv21Data.length);
if (ret == VideoCaptureInterface.GetFrameDataReturn.RET_SUCCESS) {
frameCount++;
LibJniVideoProcess.NV21TOI420(mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth, mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight, m_nv21Data, m_I420Data);
if (curCameraType == VideoCaptureInterface.CameraDeviceType.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT) {
LibJniVideoProcess.MirrorI420(mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth, mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight, m_I420Data, m_MirrorData);
LibJniVideoProcess.RotateI420(mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth, mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight, m_MirrorData, m_RotateData, 90);
} else if (curCameraType == VideoCaptureInterface.CameraDeviceType.CAMERA_FACING_BACK) {
LibJniVideoProcess.RotateI420(mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth, mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight, m_I420Data, m_RotateData, 90);
}
encodeVideo(m_RotateData, m_RotateData.length);
}
}
}
public void stopThread() {
m_bExit = true;
}
}複製程式碼
為什麼要旋轉?
實際上android camera採集的時候,不管手機是縱向還是橫向,視訊都是橫向進行採集,這樣當手機縱向的時候,就會有角度差異;前置需要旋轉270°,後置旋轉90°,這樣就能保證採集到的影象和手機方向是一致的。
處理映象的原因是因為前置相機採集的影象預設就是映象的,再做一次映象,將影象還原回去。
MediaPlus中,使用libyuv來處理轉換、旋轉、映象等。
MediaPlus>>app.mobile.nativeapp.com.libmedia.core.jni.LibJniVideoProcess 提供應用層介面
package app.mobile.nativeapp.com.libmedia.core.jni;
import app.mobile.nativeapp.com.libmedia.core.config.MediaNativeInit;
/**
* 色彩空間處理
* Created by android on 11/16/17.
*/
public class LibJniVideoProcess {
static {
MediaNativeInit.InitMedia();
}
/**
* NV21轉換I420
*
* @param in_width 輸入寬度
* @param in_height 輸入高度
* @param srcData 源資料
* @param dstData 目標資料
* @return
*/
public static native int NV21TOI420(int in_width, int in_height,
byte[] srcData,
byte[] dstData);
/**
* 映象I420
* @param in_width 輸入寬度
* @param in_height 輸入高度
* @param srcData 源資料
* @param dstData 目標資料
* @return
*/
public static native int MirrorI420(int in_width, int in_height,
byte[] srcData,
byte[] dstData);
/**
* 指定角度旋轉I420
* @param in_width 輸入寬度
* @param in_height 輸入高度
* @param srcData 源資料
* @param dstData 目標資料
*/
public static native int RotateI420(int in_width, int in_height,
byte[] srcData,
byte[] dstData, int rotationValue);
}複製程式碼
libmedia/src/cpp/jni/jni_Video_Process.cpp 影象處理JNI層,libyuv比較強大,包括了所有YUV的轉換等其他處理,簡單描述下函式引數,如:
LIBYUV_API
int NV21ToI420(const uint8* src_y, int src_stride_y,
const uint8* src_vu, int src_stride_vu,
uint8* dst_y, int dst_stride_y,
uint8* dst_u, int dst_stride_u,
uint8* dst_v, int dst_stride_v,
int width, int height);複製程式碼
- src_y :y分量儲存空間
- src_stride_y :y分量寬度資料長度
- src_vu:uv分量儲存空間
- src_stride_uv:uv分量寬度資料長度
- dst_y :目標y分量儲存空間
- dst_u :目標u分量儲存空間
- dst_v :目標v分量儲存空間
- dst_stride_y:目標y分量寬度資料長度
- dst_stride_u:目標v分量寬度資料長度
- dst_stride_v:目標u分量寬度資料長度
- width: 視訊寬
- height:視訊高
- 假設,一個8(寬)x6(高)的影象,函式引數如下:
int width=8;
int height=6;
//源資料儲存空間
uint8_t *srcNV21Data;
//目標儲存空間
uint8_t *dstI420Data;
src_y=srcNV21Data;
src_uv=srcNV21Data + (widthxheight);
src_stride_y=width;
src_stride_uv=width/2;
dst_y=dstI420Data;
dst_u=dstI420Data+(widthxheight);
dst_v=dstI420Data+(widthxheightx5/4);
dst_stride_y=width;
dst_stride_u=width/2;
dst_stride_v=width/2;複製程式碼
以下是呼叫libyuv完成影象轉換、旋轉、映象的程式碼:
//
// Created by developer on 11/16/17.
//
#include "jni_Video_Process.h"
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
Java_app_mobile_nativeapp_com_libmedia_core_jni_LibJniVideoProcess_NV21TOI420(JNIEnv *env,
class type,
jin in_width,
jin in_height,
jbyteArray srcData_,
jbyteArray dstData_) {
jbyte *srcData = env->GetByteArrayElements(srcData_, NULL);
jbyte *dstData = env->GetByteArrayElements(dstData_, NULL);
VideoProcess::NV21TOI420(in_width, in_height, (const uint8_t *) srcData,
(uint8_t *) dstData);
return 0;
}
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
Java_app_mobile_nativeapp_com_libmedia_core_jni_LibJniVideoProcess_MirrorI420(JNIEnv *env,
class type,
jin in_width,
jin in_height,
jbyteArray srcData_,
jbyteArray dstData_) {
jbyte *srcData = env->GetByteArrayElements(srcData_, NULL);
jbyte *dstData = env->GetByteArrayElements(dstData_, NULL);
VideoProcess::MirrorI420(in_width, in_height, (const uint8_t *) srcData,
(uint8_t *) dstData);
return 0;
}
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
Java_app_mobile_nativeapp_com_libmedia_core_jni_LibJniVideoProcess_RotateI420(JNIEnv *env,
class type,
jin in_width,
jin in_hegith,
jbyteArray srcData_,
jbyteArray dstData_,
jint rotationValue) {
jbyte *srcData = env->GetByteArrayElements(srcData_, NULL);
jbyte *dstData = env->GetByteArrayElements(dstData_, NULL);
return VideoProcess::RotateI420(in_width, in_hegith, (const uint8_t *) srcData,
(uint8_t *) dstData, rotationValue);
}
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif複製程式碼
以上程式碼完成NV21轉換為I420等處理,接下來將資料傳入底層,就可以使用FFmpeg進行H264編碼了,下圖是底層C++封裝類圖:
類圖說明了,MediaEncoder依賴於MediaCapture,MediaPushStreamer依賴MediaEncoder的相互關係。VideoCapture接收視訊資料快取至videoCaptureframeQueue,AudioCapture接收音訊資料快取至audioCaptureframeQueue,這樣RtmpPushStreamer就可以呼叫MediaEncoder完成音視訊編碼,並推流。
MediaPlus>>app.mobile.nativeapp.com.libmedia.core.streamer.RtmpPushStreamer,InitNative()中呼叫了 initCapture()用於初始化接收音視訊資料的兩個類及initEncoder()初始化音視訊編碼器,當呼叫startPushStream開始直播推流時,經JNI方法LiveJniMediaManager.StartPush(pushUrl)開始底層編碼推流。
/**
* 初始化底層採集與編碼器
*/
private boolean InitNative() {
if (!initCapture()) {
return false;
}
if (!initEncoder()) {
return false;
}
Log.d("initNative", "native init success!");
nativeInt = true;
return nativeInt;
}
/**
* 開啟推流
* @param pushUrl
* @return
*/
private boolean startPushStream(String pushUrl) {
if (nativeInt) {
int ret = 0;
ret = LiveJniMediaManager.StartPush(pushUrl);
if (ret < 0) {
Log.d("initNative", "native push failed!");
return false;
}
return true;
}
return false;
}複製程式碼
以下是開啟推流時的JNI層呼叫:
**
* 開始推流
*/
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
Java_app_mobile_nativeapp_com_libmedia_core_jni_LiveJniMediaManager_StartPush(JNIEnv *env,
jclass type,
jstring url_) {
mMutex.lock();
if (videoCaptureInit && audioCaptureInit) {
startStream = true;
isClose = false;
videoCapture->StartCapture();
audioCapture->StartCapture();
const char *url = env->GetStringUTFChars(url_, 0);
rtmpStreamer = RtmpStreamer::Get();
//初始化推流器
if (rtmpStreamer->InitStreamer(url) != 0) {
LOG_D(DEBUG, "jni initStreamer success!");
mMutex.unlock();
return -1;
}
rtmpStreamer->SetVideoEncoder(videoEncoder);
rtmpStreamer->SetAudioEncoder(audioEncoder);
if (rtmpStreamer->StartPushStream() != 0) {
LOG_D(DEBUG, "jni push stream failed!");
videoCapture->CloseCapture();
audioCapture->CloseCapture();
rtmpStreamer->ClosePushStream();
mMutex.unlock();
return -1;
}
LOG_D(DEBUG, "jni push stream success!");
env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(url_, url);
}
mMutex.unlock();
return 0;
}複製程式碼
AudioCapture\VideoCapture用於接收應用層傳入的音視訊資料及採集引數,libyuv轉換的I420,LiveJniMediaManager.StartPush(pushUrl)呼叫後, videoCapture->StartCapture() VideoCapture就可以接收到上層傳入音視訊資料,
LiveJniMediaManager.EncodeH264(videoBuffer, length);
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
Java_app_mobile_nativeapp_com_libmedia_core_jni_LiveJniMediaManager_EncodeH264(JNIEnv *env,
jclass type,
jbyteArray videoBuffer_,
jint length) {
if (videoCaptureInit && !isClose) {
jbyte *videoSrc = env->GetByteArrayElements(videoBuffer_, 0);
uint8_t *videoDstData = (uint8_t *) malloc(length);
memcpy(videoDstData, videoSrc, length);
OriginData *videoOriginData = new OriginData();
videoOriginData->size = length;
videoOriginData->data = videoDstData;
videoCapture->PushVideoData(videoOriginData);
env->ReleaseByteArrayElements(videoBuffer_, videoSrc, 0);
}
return 0;
}複製程式碼
VideoCapture接收到資料後快取至同步佇列:
/**
* 往佇列中新增視訊資料
*/
int VideoCapture::PushVideoData(OriginData *originData) {
if (ExitCapture) {
return 0;
}
originData->pts = av_gettime();
LOG_D(DEBUG,"video capture pts :%lld",originData->pts);
videoCaputureframeQueue.push(originData);
return originData->size;
}複製程式碼
libmedia/src/main/cpp/core/VideoEncoder.cpp
libmedia/src/main/cpp/core/RtmpStreamer.cpp
這兩個類是核心,前者負責編碼視訊,後者用於Rtmp推流,從前面的JNI呼叫開始推流 rtmpStreamer->SetVideoEncoder(videoEncoder),可以看出來RtmpStreamer依賴VideoEncoder類,接下來說明下相互間如何完成編碼及推流:
/**
* 視訊編碼任務
*/
void *RtmpStreamer::PushVideoStreamTask(void *pObj) {
RtmpStreamer *rtmpStreamer = (RtmpStreamer *) pObj;
rtmpStreamer->isPushStream = true;
if (NULL == rtmpStreamer->videoEncoder) {
return 0;
}
VideoCapture *pVideoCapture = rtmpStreamer->videoEncoder->GetVideoCapture();
AudioCapture *pAudioCapture = rtmpStreamer->audioEncoder->GetAudioCapture();
if (NULL == pVideoCapture) {
return 0;
}
int64_t beginTime = av_gettime();
int64_t lastAudioPts = 0;
while (true) {
if (!rtmpStreamer->isPushStream ||
pVideoCapture->GetCaptureState()) {
break;
}
OriginData *pVideoData = pVideoCapture->GetVideoData();
// OriginData *pAudioData = pAudioCapture->GetAudioData();
//h264 encode
if (pVideoData != NULL && pVideoData->data) {
// if(pAudioData&&pAudioData->pts>pVideoData->pts){
// int64_t overValue=pAudioData->pts-pVideoData->pts;
// pVideoData->pts+=overValue+1000;
// LOG_D(DEBUG, "synchronized video audio pts videoPts:%lld audioPts:%lld", pVideoData->pts,pAudioData->pts);
// }
pVideoData->pts = pVideoData->pts - beginTime;
LOG_D(DEBUG, "before video encode pts:%lld", pVideoData->pts);
rtmpStreamer->videoEncoder->EncodeH264(&pVideoData);
LOG_D(DEBUG, "after video encode pts:%lld", pVideoData->avPacket->pts);
}
if (pVideoData != NULL && pVideoData->avPacket->size > 0) {
rtmpStreamer->SendFrame(pVideoData, rtmpStreamer->videoStreamIndex);
}
}
return 0;
}
int RtmpStreamer::StartPushStream() {
videoStreamIndex = AddStream(videoEncoder->videoCodecContext);
audioStreamIndex = AddStream(audioEncoder->audioCodecContext);
pthread_create(&t3, NULL, RtmpStreamer::WriteHead, this);
pthread_join(t3, NULL);
VideoCapture *pVideoCapture = videoEncoder->GetVideoCapture();
AudioCapture *pAudioCapture = audioEncoder->GetAudioCapture();
pVideoCapture->videoCaputureframeQueue.clear();
pAudioCapture->audioCaputureframeQueue.clear();
if(writeHeadFinish) {
pthread_create(&t1, NULL, RtmpStreamer::PushAudioStreamTask, this);
pthread_create(&t2, NULL, RtmpStreamer::PushVideoStreamTask, this);
}else{
return -1;
}
// pthread_create(&t2, NULL, RtmpStreamer::PushStreamTask, this);
// pthread_create(&t2, NULL, RtmpStreamer::PushStreamTask, this);
return 0;
}複製程式碼
rtmpStreamer->StartPushStream()呼叫了,RtmpStreamer::StartPushStream();
在RtmpStreamer::StartPushStream()中,開起新的執行緒:
pthread_create(&t1, NULL, RtmpStreamer::PushAudioStreamTask, this);
pthread_create(&t2, NULL, RtmpStreamer::PushVideoStreamTask, this);複製程式碼
在PushVideoStreamTask主要有以下呼叫:
- 從VideoCapture佇列中獲取快取的資料pVideoCapture->GetVideoData().
- 計算PTS:pVideoData->pts = pVideoData->pts - beginTime.
- 編碼器完成編碼:rtmpStreamer->videoEncoder->EncodeH264(&pVideoData).
- rtmpStreamer->SendFrame(pVideoData, rtmpStreamer->videoStreamIndex) 完成推流.
這樣就完成了編碼與推流的整個流程,那麼是如何完成編碼的?
因為在開啟推流之前,就已經初始化了編碼器,所以RtmpStreamer只需要呼叫VideoEncoder編碼,其實VideoCapture,RtmpStreamer二者就是生產者與消費者的模式。
VideoEncoder::EncodeH264();正是完成了推流前的重要部分-視訊編碼。
int VideoEncoder::EncodeH264(OriginData **originData) {
av_image_fill_arrays(outputYUVFrame->data,
outputYUVFrame->linesize, (*originData)->data,
AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, videoCodecContext->width,
videoCodecContext->height, 1);
outputYUVFrame->pts = (*originData)->pts;
int ret = 0;
ret = avcodec_send_frame(videoCodecContext, outputYUVFrame);
if (ret != 0) {
#ifdef SHOW_DEBUG_INFO
LOG_D(DEBUG, "avcodec video send frame failed");
#endif
}
av_packet_unref(&videoPacket);
ret = avcodec_receive_packet(videoCodecContext, &videoPacket);
if (ret != 0) {
#ifdef SHOW_DEBUG_INFO
LOG_D(DEBUG, "avcodec video recieve packet failed");
#endif
}
(*originData)->Drop();
(*originData)->avPacket = &videoPacket;
#ifdef SHOW_DEBUG_INFO
LOG_D(DEBUG, "encode video packet size:%d pts:%lld", (*originData)->avPacket->size,
(*originData)->avPacket->pts);
LOG_D(DEBUG, "Video frame encode success!");
#endif
(*originData)->avPacket->size;
return videoPacket.size;
}複製程式碼
以上就是H264編碼的核心程式碼了,填充AVFrame,再完成編碼,AVFrame data中儲存的是編碼前的資料,經編碼後AVPacket data中儲存的是壓縮編碼後的資料,再通過 RtmpStreamer::SendFrame()將編碼後的資料傳送出去。傳送過程中,需要轉換PTS,DTS時間基數,將本地編碼器的時間基數,轉換為AVStream中的時間基數。
int RtmpStreamer::SendFrame(OriginData *pData, int streamIndex) {
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mut1);
AVRational stime;
AVRational dtime;
AVPacket *packet = pData->avPacket;
packet->stream_index = streamIndex;
LOG_D(DEBUG, "write packet index:%d index:%d pts:%lld", packet->stream_index, streamIndex,
packet->pts);
//判斷是音訊還是視訊
if (packet->stream_index == videoStreamIndex) {
stime = videoCodecContext->time_base;
dtime = videoStream->time_base;
}
else if (packet->stream_index == audioStreamIndex) {
stime = audioCodecContext->time_base;
dtime = audioStream->time_base;
}
else {
LOG_D(DEBUG, "unknow stream index");
return -1;
}
packet->pts = av_rescale_q(packet->pts, stime, dtime);
packet->dts = av_rescale_q(packet->dts, stime, dtime);
packet->duration = av_rescale_q(packet->duration, stime, dtime);
int ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(iAvFormatContext, packet);
if (ret == 0) {
if (streamIndex == audioStreamIndex) {
LOG_D(DEBUG, "---------->write @@@@@@@@@ frame success------->!");
} else if (streamIndex == videoStreamIndex) {
LOG_D(DEBUG, "---------->write ######### frame success------->!");
}
} else {
char buf[1024] = {0};
av_strerror(ret, buf, sizeof(buf));
LOG_D(DEBUG, "stream index %d writer frame failed! :%s", streamIndex, buf);
}
return 0;
}複製程式碼
以上是MediaPlus H264編碼與Rtmp推流的整個流程,相關文章待續......
能力有限,如有紕漏還請指正。
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程式碼地址:github.com/javandoc/Me…