1、繼承Thread類方式
這種方式適用於執行特定任務,並且需要獲取處理後的資料的場景。
舉例:一個用於累加陣列內資料的和的執行緒。
public class AdditionThread extends Thread { private int sum = 0; private int[] nums; public AdditionThread(int[] nums, String threadName) { super(threadName); this.nums = nums; } @Override public void run() { for (int num : nums) { sum += num; } } public int getSum() { return sum; } }
呼叫方式:
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { int[] nums = {10, 12, 15, 200, 100}; AdditionThread thread = new AdditionThread(nums, "AdditionThread"); thread.start(); thread.join(); System.out.println("sum=" + thread.getSum()); } }
2、Runnable 介面方式
定義一個實現Runnable介面的類,或者直接建立一個匿名內部類,並覆蓋 run() 方法。最後作為引數傳給Thread的建構函式。
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { // 自定義的 Runnable Runnable runnable = new MyRunnable(); Thread thread = new Thread(runnable, "Runnable-Thread"); thread.start(); // 自定義匿名內部類 new Thread(() -> { System.out.println("Inner class"); }).start(); } static class MyRunnable implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("MyRunnable"); } } }
3、 Callable 介面方式
Callable 介面與 Runnable 介面的區別:
(1)Callable 的方法為call(),Runnable的方法為run()。
(2)Callable 的方法由返回值,Runnable 沒有。
(3)Callable 的方法宣告的Exception,Runnable的沒有。
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { MyCallable myCallable = new MyCallable(); FutureTask<String> task = new FutureTask<>(myCallable); Thread thread = new Thread(task, "FutureTask"); thread.start(); try { // 通過get方法獲取返回值 String result = task.get(); System.out.println(result); } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } static class MyCallable implements Callable<String> { @Override public String call() throws Exception { // 模擬超時操作 Thread.sleep(1000); return "OK"; } } }
4、執行緒池方式
// 建立固定執行緒數的執行緒池 Executors.newFixedThreadPool(); // 建立只有一個核心執行緒的執行緒池 Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); // 建立一個沒有核心執行緒,但可以快取執行緒的執行緒池 Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); // 建立一個適用於執行定時任務的執行緒池 Executors.newScheduledThreadPool();
在建立執行緒池時,最好傳入 ThreadFactory 引數,指定執行緒池所建立執行緒的名稱。這樣有利於分析定位可能存在的問題。
public class Main { private static final ExecutorService SERVICE = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5, new BasicThreadFactory("My-Thread")); public static void main(String[] args) { // 列印執行緒的名字 System.out.println("main thread name:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()); SERVICE.execute(() -> { System.out.println("Hello thread pool."); // 列印執行緒池裡的執行緒的名字 System.out.println("thread name:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()); }); } static class BasicThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(0); private final String basicName; public BasicThreadFactory(String basicName) { this.basicName = basicName; } @Override public Thread newThread(Runnable runnable) { Thread thread = new Thread(runnable); String name = this.basicName + "-" + threadNumber.incrementAndGet(); thread.setName(name); return thread; } } }