這裡以我的企業QQ郵箱為例，程式碼如下：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import poplib
import email
import time
from email.parser import Parser
from email.header import decode_header
from email.utils import parseaddr
class QQEmail(object):
def __init__(self, user, password):
self.User = user # 郵箱使用者名稱
self.Pass = password # 郵箱密碼
self.server = None # 初始化server，呼叫login_email方法後更新server
self.mails = None # 初始化郵箱資訊列表，呼叫get_email_lists方法後更新列表
def login_email(self):
# 登入郵箱
pop3_server = 'imap.exmail.qq.com'
try:
server = poplib.POP3(pop3_server, 110, timeout=50)
# 身份認證:
server.user(self.User)
server.pass_(self.Pass)
self.server = server
return {"status": True, 'info': f'{self.User} login successful!'}
except BaseException as e:
return {"status": False, 'info': f'Login failed: {e}'}
# 字元編碼轉換
def decode_str(self, str_in):
try:
value, charset = decode_header(str_in)[0]
if charset:
value = value.decode(charset)
return value
except:
return str_in
def guess_charset(self, msg):
charset = msg.get_charset()
if charset is None:
content_type = msg.get('Content-Type', '').lower()
pos = content_type.find('charset=')
if pos >= 0:
charset = content_type[pos + 8:].strip()
return charset
# indent用於縮排顯示:
def print_info(self, msg, indent=0):
if indent == 0:
for header in ['From', 'To', 'Subject']:
value = msg.get(header, '')
if value:
if header == 'Subject':
value = self.decode_str(value)
else:
hdr, addr = parseaddr(value)
name = self.decode_str(hdr)
value = u'%s <%s>' % (name, addr)
print('%s%s: %s' % (' ' * indent, header, value))
if (msg.is_multipart()):
parts = msg.get_payload()
for n, part in enumerate(parts):
print('%spart %s' % (' ' * indent, n))
print('%s--------------------' % (' ' * indent))
self.print_info(part, indent + 1)
else:
content_type = msg.get_content_type()
if content_type == 'text/plain' or content_type == 'text/html':
content = msg.get_payload(decode=True)
charset = self.guess_charset(msg)
if charset:
content = content.decode(charset)
print('%sText: %s' % (' ' * indent, content + '...'))
else:
print('%sAttachment: %s' % (' ' * indent, content_type))
# 獲取郵箱資訊列表
def get_email_lists(self):
try:
resp, mails, octets = self.server.list() # list()返回所有郵件的編號:
self.mails = mails
return {"status": True, 'info': f'成功獲取郵件列表!'}
except BaseException as e:
return {"status": False, 'info': f'郵件列表獲取失敗: {e}'}
# 解析郵件,獲取附件
def get_att(self, msg_in):
attachment_files = []
i = 1
for part in msg_in.walk():
# 獲取附件名稱型別
file_name = part.get_filename()
# contType = part.get_content_type()
if file_name:
h = email.header.Header(file_name)
# 對附件名稱進行解碼
dh = email.header.decode_header(h)
filename = dh[0][0]
if dh[0][1]:
# 將附件名稱可讀化
filename = self.decode_str(str(filename, dh[0][1]))
# print(filename)
# filename = filename.encode("utf-8")
# 下載附件
data = part.get_payload(decode=True)
path = r"附件" # 在指定目錄下建立檔案,如果不存在則建立目錄
if not os.path.exists(path):
os.makedirs(path)
att_file = open(path + '\\' + filename, 'wb') # 注意二進位制檔案需要用wb模式開啟
attachment_files.append(filename)
att_file.write(data) # 儲存附件
att_file.close()
print(f'附件({i}): {filename}')
i += 1
return attachment_files
# 解析郵件
def parser_mail(self, index):
'''
:param index: 郵件索引
:return: 郵件正文、時間、主題、發件人的字典
'''
# 1、獲取郵件原文
try:
resp, lines, octets = self.server.retr(index) # 獲取第index封郵件，lines儲存了郵件的原始文字的每一行
except:
try: # 如果獲取郵件失敗，嘗試重新登入郵箱再獲取
self.login_email()
self.get_email_lists()
resp, lines, octets = self.server.retr(index)
except: # 如果還是失敗，返回False
return False
# 2、拼接郵件
try:
msg_content = b'\n'.join(lines).decode('gbk') # 郵件的原始文字
except:
try:
msg_content = b'\n'.join(lines).decode('utf-8') # 郵件的原始文字
except:
return False
# 3、解析郵件內容
try:
msg = Parser().parsestr(msg_content)
except:
return False
# 4、解析郵件主題(標題)
try:
Subject = self.decode_str(msg.get("Subject"))
except BaseException as e:
return False
# 5、解析郵件時間
try:
Date = time.strptime(self.decode_str(msg.get("Date"))[0:24], '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S')
Date = time.mktime(Date) # 獲取郵件的接收時間,格式化收件時間
except:
return False
# 6、解析發件人
try:
From = self.decode_str(msg.get("From")).split(' ')[-1]
except:
From = '<None>'
return {
'From': From,
'Date': Date,
'Subject': Subject,
'Msg': msg,
}
# 退出server
def server_quit(self):
self.server.quit()
if __name__ == "__main__":
Q = QQEmail(user='郵箱', password='密碼') # 初始化類
login_info = Q.login_email() # 登入郵箱
print(login_info['info'])
if login_info['status']:
email_lists = Q.get_email_lists() # 獲取郵件列表
if email_lists['status']:
indexs = range(len(Q.mails), 0, -1)[-10:] # 獲取最近的10封郵件索引
# 從最近的郵件開始，依次遍歷所有郵件
for index in indexs:
mail_msg = Q.parser_mail(index) # 解析郵件
if mail_msg:
# Q.print_info(mail_msg['Msg']) # 輸入郵件內容
Q.get_att(mail_msg['Msg']) # 下載郵件中的附件
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