本文由 愛學園平臺 進行聯合編輯整理輸出
原作者:愛學園——莫比烏斯環
在開始描述問題之前先說點題外話,寫這篇文章的初衷一方面為了構建Android知識體系,另一方面是真心覺得這個是Android面試必問的知識點。網上這方面的部落格和書籍講解這方面的知識也不少,講的也很到位。正所謂只有自己理解了才是自己的,所以在閱讀了他們的文章後,加上自己的理解特此記錄一篇~,以便加深理解和記憶!如理解有誤的地方請留言說明,我們一起探討,謝謝!
聯絡方式:郵箱(ixiyan.li@gmail.com)
1.必備知識點
事件的分發說白了,就是使用者與應用的互動過程(手指與螢幕接觸)中,發生的一系列事件傳遞與處理過程。
1.1 事件分發涉及的物件--MotionEvent
典型事件型別:
ACTION_DOWN——手指剛觸碰螢幕那一刻(按下)
ACTION_MOVE——手指在螢幕上移動(移動)
ACTION_UP——手指抬起那一刻(抬起)
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一個事件序列:就是從手指按下 View 開始直到手指離開 View 產生的一系列事件。
ACTION_DOWN-> ACTION_UP
ACTION_DOWN->...ACTION_MOVE...->ACTION_UP
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1.2 事件分發涉及的方法
1. dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)
用來進行事件分發。返回結果受當前 View 的 onTouchEvent 和子 View 的 dispatchTouchEvent 方法的影響,表示是否消耗當前事件。
2. onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)
在上述dispatchTouchEvent
方法內部呼叫,用來進行當前事件是否攔截校驗。這裡有一點要注意的地方就是如果當前View攔截了某個事件(一般指ACTION_DOWN),那麼在同一個事件序列
(上面講過這個概念)當中,此方法不會被再次呼叫——即不會做二次攔截校驗。
注:Activity和View內部沒有此方法
3. onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)
在上述dispatchTouchEvent
方法內部呼叫,返回結果表示是否消耗當前事件。這裡同上也有一點要注意,如果當前方法返回false
(不消耗),那麼同一個事件序列
中,當前View無法再次接收到事件。
上述方法的關係可用下面的一段虛擬碼表示:
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvetn e){
if(onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)){//是否攔截
return onTouchEvent(e);//攔截事件處理:是否消耗
}
return child.dispatchTouchEvent(e);//不攔截:子類View分發
}
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通過上面的虛擬碼可以大致瞭解到事件的傳遞規則:對於一個根ViewGroup
來說,點選事件產生後,首先會傳遞給它,這時它的dispatchTouchEvent
就會被呼叫,如果這個ViewGroup
的onInterceptTouchEvent
方法返回true
,就說明攔截當前事件,接著事件就會交給這個ViewGroup
的onTouchEvent
方法處理。反之onInterceptTouchEvent
方法返回false
,就不攔截當前事件,這時當前事件就會傳遞給它的子View
,接著View
的dispatchTouchEvent
方法就會呼叫,如此反覆直到事件最終被處理。
1.3 事件傳遞過程遵循如下過程
Activity -> Windown(PhoneWindow) -> DecorView(FrameLayout) -> contentView(setContentView) ->..ViewGroup..->View
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2. 事件分發原始碼解析
根據上面瞭解到的事件傳遞的過程分析,下面我們就一步一步撕開它神祕的面紗,從內部瞭解它的呼叫關係。
2.1 Activity對點選事件的分發過程
點選事件用MontionEvent
表示,當一個點選操作發生時,最先傳遞給當前Activity
,由Activity
的dispatchTouchEvent
方法進行事件分發,具體的工作由Window
來完成。Window
會將事件傳遞給DecorView
,DecorView
一般就是當前介面的底層容器(即setContentView所設定的 View
的父容器),通過Activity.getWindow().getDecorView()可以獲得。因此我們先從Activity
的dispatchTouchEvent
開始分析。
原始碼-1:Activity#dispatchTouchEvent
/**
* Called to process touch screen events. You can override this to
* intercept all touch screen events before they are dispatched to the
* window. Be sure to call this implementation for touch screen events
* that should be handled normally.
*
* @param ev The touch screen event.
*
* @return boolean Return true if this event was consumed.
*/
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
onUserInteraction();
}
if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
return true;
}
return onTouchEvent(ev);
}
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
if (mWindow.shouldCloseOnTouch(this, event)) {
finish();
return true;
}
return false;
}
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現在分析上述程式碼,通過原始碼瞭解到事件交給Activity所附屬的Window進行分發,如果getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)
返回true
,事件到此結束,返回false
,說明下級所有View的onTouchEvent
都返回了false
,則Activity的onTouchEvent
將會被呼叫(如上)
通過上面瞭解到getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)
這個才是分發的關鍵,看原始碼:
原始碼-2:Window#superDispatchTouchEvent
/**
* Abstract base class for a top-level window look and behavior policy. An
* instance of this class should be used as the top-level view added to the
* window manager. It provides standard UI policies such as a background, title
* area, default key processing, etc.
*
* <p>The only existing implementation of this abstract class is
* android.view.PhoneWindow, which you should instantiate when needing a
* Window.
*/
public abstract class Window {
/**
* Used by custom windows, such as Dialog, to pass the touch screen event
* further down the view hierarchy. Application developers should
* not need to implement or call this.
*
*/
public abstract boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event);
...
}
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看上面貼的原始碼發現貼了好多註釋說明,因為這裡Window
是個抽象類,那麼它的實現類是什麼呢,是PhoneWindow
,為什麼呢?到這裡您可以詳細閱讀下上面Window
類的說明,發現此處已經指明瞭Window
的唯一實現就是android.view.PhoneWindow
,好傢伙,隱藏的夠深的,那麼請移駕,謝謝~
原始碼-3:PhoneWindow#superDispatchTouchEvent相關程式碼
// This is the top-level view of the window, containing the window decor.
private DecorView mDecor;
@Override
public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
return mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event);
}
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到這裡邏輯就清晰了吧!雖然程式碼只有一行,但已經足以說明問題了,此處具體邏輯移交給DecorView
(這就是我們前面說的視窗的頂級View-->ViewGroup),即Activity#setContentView
設定的View
就是DecorView
的子View。目前事件傳遞到了DecorView
這裡,由於DecorVieW
即成自FrameLayout
且是父View
,那麼得出結論--最終事件會傳遞給View
,到這一步並不是我們的重點,事件如何通過頂級View
進行傳遞消費才是我們的重頭戲,請繼續,謝謝~
2.2 頂級View對點選事件的分發過程
關於點選事件如何在View
中進行分發,上面已經做了描述,這裡就直接上ViewGroup
原始碼,原始碼如下:
dispatchTouchEvent
方法內容較多分如下幾個片段說明:
原始碼-4:ViewGroup#dispatchTouchEvent——攔截邏輯處理
// Handle an initial down.
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
// Throw away all previous state when starting a new touch gesture.
// The framework may have dropped the up or cancel event for the previous gesture
// due to an app switch, ANR, or some other state change.
cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
resetTouchState();
}
// Check for interception.
final boolean intercepted;
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
|| mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
if (!disallowIntercept) {
intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
} else {
intercepted = false;
}
} else {
// There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
// so this view group continues to intercept touches.
intercepted = true;
}
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- 是否攔截條件:事件型別為
ACTION_DOWN || mFirstTouchTarget != null
; - mFirstTouchTarget:每次開始(
ACTION_DOWN
)都會被初始化為null
,當事件由ViewGroup
的子元素成功處理時,它指向子元素; - 當事件由
ViewGroup
攔截時,條件mFirstTouchTarget != null
不成立,即當ACTION_MOVE
和ACTION_UP
事件到來時,由於第一條攔截條件不滿足,則onInterceptTouchEvent
不再呼叫:應證了一旦當前View攔截事件,那麼同一事件序列的其它事件都不再進行攔截校驗,直接交給它處理。 FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT
標記位:這個標記位一旦設定後(requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent
),ViewGroup
將無法攔截除了ACTION_DOWN
以外的其它點選事件(ACTION_DOWN
事件會重置此標記位,將導致子View中設定的這個標記位無效)。- 面對
ACTION_DOWN
事件時,ViewGroup
總是會呼叫自己的onInterceptTouchEvent
方法來詢問自己是否要攔截事件,這一點從上面的原始碼中可以看出來。
原始碼-5:ViewGroup#dispatchTouchEvent——初始化
// Handle an initial down.
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
// Throw away all previous state when starting a new touch gesture.
// The framework may have dropped the up or cancel event for the previous gesture
// due to an app switch, ANR, or some other state change.
cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);//重置 mFirstTouchTarget = null
resetTouchState();//重置FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT標記位
}
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從上面的程式碼可以看出,ViewGroup
會在ACTION_DOWN
事件到來時會做重置狀態的操作,因此子View
呼叫requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent
並不能影響ViewGroup
對ACTION_DOWN
事件的處理。
總結:
ViewGroup
決定攔截事件(ACTION_DOWN
)後,那麼後續的點選事件將會預設交給它處理且不再呼叫它的onInterceptTouchEvent
方法。FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT
這個標誌的作用是讓ViewGroup
不再攔截事件,當然前提是ViewGroup
不攔截ACTION_DOWN
事件。FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT
為解決滑動衝突解決提供了新的思路。
原始碼-6:ViewGroup#dispatchTouchEvent——不攔截,遍歷子View
final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) {
final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
// Find a child that can receive the event.
// Scan children from front to back.
final ArrayList<View> preorderedList = buildTouchDispatchChildList();
final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null
&& isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
final View[] children = mChildren;
for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(
childrenCount, i, customOrder);
final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
preorderedList, children, childIndex);
// If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it
// to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a
// normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is
// safer given the timeframe.
if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
continue;
}
childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
i = childrenCount - 1;
}
if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
|| !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
continue;
}
newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
if (newTouchTarget != null) {
// Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
// Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
break;
}
resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {//*子元素呼叫dispatchTouchEvent方法*
// Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
if (preorderedList != null) {
// childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
break;
}
}
} else {
mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
}
mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
//儲存當前子View:mFirstTouchTarget
newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
break;
}
// The accessibility focus did not handle the event, so clear
// the flag and do a normal dispatch to all children.
ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
}
if (preorderedList != null) preorderedList.clear();
//...
}
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原始碼-7:ViewGroup#dispatchTouchEvent——子View下發主要邏輯呼叫
/**
* Transforms a motion event into the coordinate space of a particular child view,
* filters out irrelevant pointer ids, and overrides its action if necessary.
* If child is null, assumes the MotionEvent will be sent to this ViewGroup instead.
*/
private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
final boolean handled;
// Canceling motions is a special case. We do not need to perform any transformations
// or filtering. The important part is the action, not the contents.
final int oldAction = event.getAction();
if (cancel || oldAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) {
event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
if (child == null) {
handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
} else {
handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
}
event.setAction(oldAction);
return handled;
}
//...
}
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子View
是否能夠接收點選事件有以下兩點衡量:
- 子元素是否在播放動畫
- 點選事件的座標是否落在子元素的區域內
上面這部分程式碼說明的是ViewGroup
不攔截情況下,事件向子View
下發的過程.即主要呼叫方法為dispatchTransformedTouchEvent
,它的內部實際上呼叫的就是子元素的dispatchTouchEvent
方法(可通過上面的原始碼-7看得出來).通過具體分析可看出,如果child.dispatchTouchEvent(event)
返回true
,那麼mFirstTouchTarget
(addTouchTarget
方法內部操作)就會被賦值同時跳出for迴圈,這裡是否對mFirstTouchTarget
賦值,將會影響ViewGroup
的攔截策略,如下所示:
原始碼-8:ViewGroup#dispatchTouchEvent——賦值mFirstTouchTarget
/**
* Adds a touch target for specified child to the beginning of the list.
* Assumes the target child is not already present.
*/
private TouchTarget addTouchTarget(@NonNull View child, int pointerIdBits) {
final TouchTarget target = TouchTarget.obtain(child, pointerIdBits);
target.next = mFirstTouchTarget;
mFirstTouchTarget = target;
return target;
}
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mFirstTouchTarget
如果為null
,將會預設攔截接下來同一序列的所有事件。(不做二次攔截校驗)
遍歷所有子元素,都沒有處理包含兩種情況:
ViewGroup
沒有子元素;- 子元素處理了點選事件,但是所有的子元素都沒有消耗事件。
此時ViewGroup
將會呼叫super.dispatchTouchEvent(evet)
,這一點可以從上述原始碼-8可以看出,很顯然這裡ViewGroup
繼承自View
,所以這裡就轉到View
的dispatchTouchEvent
方法,即點選事件交由View
處理,那麼請繼續看下面的分析。
2.3 View對點選事件的處理過程
View(不包含ViewGroup)對點選事件的處理稍微簡單,它沒有onInterceptTouchEvent
方法且無法向下傳遞事件,只能自己處理,請看它的dispatchTouchEvent
方法,如下:
原始碼-9:View#dispatchTouchEvent——View點選事件處理
/**
* Pass the touch screen motion event down to the target view, or this
* view if it is the target.
*
* @param event The motion event to be dispatched.
* @return True if the event was handled by the view, false otherwise.
*/
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
// If the event should be handled by accessibility focus first.
//...
boolean result = false;
//...
if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
if ((mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED && handleScrollBarDragging(event)) {
result = true;
}
//noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
&& (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
&& li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
result = true;
}
if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
result = true;
}
}
//...
return result;
}
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從上面的程式碼可以看出:OnTouchListener的onTouch
比onTouchEvent(event)
優先順序高,如果設定了OnTouchListener
且mOnTouchListener.onTouch
返回true
那麼onTouchEvent(event)
將不會呼叫,反之將會呼叫onTouchEvent(event)
,見下文:
原始碼-10:View#onTouchEvent——點選事件具體處理
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
final float x = event.getX();
final float y = event.getY();
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
final int action = event.getAction();
final boolean clickable = ((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE
|| (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)
|| (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE;
if ((viewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == DISABLED) {
if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP && (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0) {
setPressed(false);
}
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
// A disabled view that is clickable still consumes the touch
// events, it just does not respond to them.
return clickable;
}
if (mTouchDelegate != null) {
if (mTouchDelegate.onTouchEvent(event)) {
return true;
}
}
if (clickable || (viewFlags & TOOLTIP) == TOOLTIP) {
switch (action) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
if ((viewFlags & TOOLTIP) == TOOLTIP) {
handleTooltipUp();
}
if (!clickable) {
removeTapCallback();
removeLongPressCallback();
mInContextButtonPress = false;
mHasPerformedLongPress = false;
mIgnoreNextUpEvent = false;
break;
}
boolean prepressed = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PREPRESSED) != 0;
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0 || prepressed) {
// take focus if we do not have it already and we should in
// touch mode.
boolean focusTaken = false;
if (isFocusable() && isFocusableInTouchMode() && !isFocused()) {
focusTaken = requestFocus();
}
if (prepressed) {
// The button is being released before we actually
// showed it as pressed. Make it show the pressed
// state now (before scheduling the click) to ensure
// the user sees it.
setPressed(true, x, y);
}
if (!mHasPerformedLongPress && !mIgnoreNextUpEvent) {
// This is a tap, so remove the longpress check
removeLongPressCallback();
// Only perform take click actions if we were in the pressed state
if (!focusTaken) {
// Use a Runnable and post this rather than calling
// performClick directly. This lets other visual state
// of the view update before click actions start.
if (mPerformClick == null) {
mPerformClick = new PerformClick();
}
if (!post(mPerformClick)) {
performClick();
}
}
}
if (mUnsetPressedState == null) {
mUnsetPressedState = new UnsetPressedState();
}
if (prepressed) {
postDelayed(mUnsetPressedState,
ViewConfiguration.getPressedStateDuration());
} else if (!post(mUnsetPressedState)) {
// If the post failed, unpress right now
mUnsetPressedState.run();
}
removeTapCallback();
}
mIgnoreNextUpEvent = false;
break;
//...
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
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從上面的程式碼看出:影響事件的消耗因素有兩個:CLICKABLE
和LONG_CLICKABLE
只要有一個為true
,那麼它就會消耗這個事件,即onTouchEvent
方法返回true
,實際呼叫方法為performClick();
,在其內部呼叫OnClickListener#onClick
方法。
到此點選事件的分發機制的原始碼分析就完了,但是Android 的學習才剛開始,還有很長的路要走,下面附上從別處盜來的圖,覺得不錯可以看下
2.4 View事件分發流程圖示例圖
參考相關文章與相關書籍
書籍:任玉剛的《Android開發藝術探索》
若果您覺得寫得還不錯的話,請抬手點個贊吧?。