程式設計實驗五

SuouYuki發表於2024-12-03
程式設計

任務1

task1.cpp

程式設計實驗五 
 1 #include "publisher.hpp"
 2 #include <vector>
 3 #include <typeinfo>
 4 
 5 using std::vector;
 6 
 7 void test() {
 8    vector<Publisher *> v;
 9 
10    v.push_back(new Book("Harry Potter", "J.K. Rowling"));
11    v.push_back(new Film("The Godfather", "Francis Ford Coppola"));
12    v.push_back(new Music("Blowing in the wind", "Bob Dylan"));
13 
14    for(auto &ptr: v) {
15         cout << "pointer type: " << typeid(ptr).name() << endl;  // 輸出指標型別
16         cout << "RTTI type: " << typeid(*ptr).name() << endl;    // 輸出指標指向的物件型別
17         ptr->publish();
18         ptr->use();
19         cout << endl;
20    }
21 }
22 
23 int main() {
24     test();
25 }
task1.cpp

publisher.hpp

程式設計實驗五 
 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <string>
 5 
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 using std::string;
 9 
10 // 發行/出版物類：Publisher （抽象類）
11 class Publisher {
12 public:
13     Publisher(const string &s = "");            // 建構函式
14 
15 public:
16     virtual void publish() const = 0;                 // 純虛擬函式，作為介面繼承
17     virtual void use() const = 0;                     // 純虛擬函式，作為介面繼承
18 
19 protected:
20     string name;    // 發行/出版物名稱
21 };
22 
23 Publisher::Publisher(const string &s): name {s} {
24 }
25 
26 
27 // 圖書類: Book
28 class Book: public Publisher {
29 public:
30     Book(const string &s = "", const string &a = "");  // 建構函式
31 
32 public:
33     void publish() const override;        // 介面
34     void use() const override;            // 介面
35 
36 private:
37     string author;          // 作者
38 };
39 
40 Book::Book(const string &s, const string &a): Publisher{s}, author{a} {
41 }
42 
43 void Book::publish() const {
44     cout << "Publishing book: 《" << name << "》 by " << author << endl;
45 }
46 
47 void Book::use() const {
48     cout << "Reading book: " << name << " by " << author << endl;
49 }
50 
51 
52 // 電影類: Film
53 class Film: public Publisher {
54 public:
55     Film(const string &s = "", const string &d = "");   // 建構函式
56 
57 public:
58     void publish() const override;    // 介面
59     void use() const override;        // 介面            
60 
61 private:
62     string director;        // 導演
63 };
64 
65 Film::Film(const string &s, const string &d): Publisher{s}, director{d} {
66 }
67 
68 void Film::publish() const {
69     cout << "Publishing film: <" << name << "> directed by " << director << endl;
70 }
71 
72 void Film::use() const {
73     cout << "Watching film: " << name << " directed by " << director << endl;
74 }
75 
76 
77 // 音樂類：Music
78 class Music: public Publisher {
79 public:
80     Music(const string &s = "", const string &a = "");
81 
82 public:
83     void publish() const override;        // 介面
84     void use() const override;            // 介面
85 
86 private:
87     string artist;      // 音樂藝術家名稱
88 };
89 
90 Music::Music(const string &s, const string &a): Publisher{s}, artist{a} {
91 }
92 
93 void Music::publish() const {
94     cout << "Publishing music <" << name << "> by " << artist << endl;
95 }
96 
97 void Music::use() const {
98     cout << "Listening to music: " << name << " by " << artist << endl;
99 }
publisher.hpp

程式碼執行截圖：

任務2

task2.cpp

程式設計實驗五 
 1 #include "booksale.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <string>
 4 #include <vector>
 5 #include <algorithm>
 6 
 7 // 按圖書銷售數額比較
 8 bool compare_by_amount(const BookSale &x1, const BookSale &x2) {
 9     return x1.get_amount() > x2.get_amount();
10 }
11 
12 void test() {
13     using namespace std;
14 
15      vector<BookSale> sales_lst;         // 存放圖書銷售記錄
16 
17      int books_number;
18     cout << "錄入圖書數量: ";
19     cin >> books_number;
20 
21     cout << "錄入圖書銷售記錄" << endl;
22     for(int i = 0; i < books_number; ++i) {
23         string name, author, translator, isbn;
24         float price;
25         cout << string(20, '-') << "第" << i+1 << "本圖書資訊錄入" << string(20, '-') << endl;
26         cout << "錄入書名: "; cin >> name;
27         cout << "錄入作者: "; cin >> author;
28         cout << "錄入譯者: "; cin >> translator;
29         cout << "錄入isbn: "; cin >> isbn;
30         cout << "錄入定價: "; cin >> price;
31 
32         Book book(name, author, translator, isbn, price);
33 
34         float sales_price;
35         int sales_amount;
36 
37         cout << "錄入售價: "; cin >> sales_price;
38         cout << "錄入銷售數量: "; cin >> sales_amount;
39 
40         BookSale record(book, sales_price, sales_amount);
41         sales_lst.push_back(record);
42     }
43 
44     // 按銷售冊數排序
45     sort(sales_lst.begin(), sales_lst.end(), compare_by_amount);
46 
47     // 按銷售冊數降序輸出圖書銷售資訊
48     cout << string(20, '=') <<  "圖書銷售統計" << string(20, '=') << endl;
49     for(auto &t: sales_lst) {
50         cout << t << endl;
51         cout << string(40, '-') << endl;
52     }
53 }
54 
55 int main() {
56     test();
57 }
task2.cpp

book.hpp

程式設計實驗五 
 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <string>
 4 #include <iostream>
 5 #include <iomanip>
 6 
 7 using std::string;
 8 using std::ostream;
 9 using std::endl;
10 using std::setw;
11 using std::left;
12 
13 class Book {
14 public:
15     Book(const string &name, const string &author, const string &translator, const string &isbn, float price);
16 
17     friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Book &book);
18 
19 private:
20     string name;        // 書名
21     string author;      // 作者
22     string translator;  // 譯者
23     string isbn;        // isbn號
24     float price;        // 定價
25 };
26 
27 // 成員函式實現
28 Book::Book(const string &name, const string &author, const string &translator, const string &isbn, float price) {
29     this->name = name;
30     this->author = author;
31     this->translator = translator;
32     this->isbn = isbn;
33     this->price = price;
34 }
35 
36 // 友元實現
37 ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Book &book) {
38     out << left;
39     out << setw(15) << "書名:" << book.name << endl
40         << setw(15) << "作者:" << book.author << endl
41         << setw(15) << "譯者:" << book.translator << endl
42         << setw(15) << "ISBN:" << book.isbn << endl
43         << setw(15) << "定價:" << book.price;
44 
45     return out;
46 }
book.hpp

booksale.hpp

程式設計實驗五 
 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include "book.hpp"
 4 #include <iostream>
 5 #include <string>
 6 #include <iomanip>
 7 
 8 using std::string;
 9 using std::cout;
10 using std::endl;
11 using std::setw;
12 
13 class BookSale {
14 public:
15     BookSale(const Book &b, float price, int amount);
16     int get_amount() const;
17     
18     friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const BookSale &item);
19 
20 private:
21     Book rb;         
22     float sales_price;      // 售價
23     int sales_amount;       // 銷售數量
24     float revenue;          // 營收
25 };
26 
27 // 成員函式實現
28 BookSale::BookSale(const Book &b, float price, int amount): rb{b}, sales_price(price), sales_amount{amount} {  
29     revenue = sales_amount * sales_price;
30 }
31 
32 int BookSale::get_amount() const {
33     return sales_amount;
34 }
35 
36 // 友元函式實現
37 ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const BookSale &item) {
38     out << left;
39     out << item.rb << endl
40         << setw(15) << "售價:" << item.sales_price << endl
41         << setw(15) << "銷售數量:" << item.sales_amount << endl
42         << setw(15) << "營收:" << item.revenue;
43 
44     return out;
45 }
booksale.hpp

程式碼執行截圖：

任務3

task3.cpp

程式設計實驗五 
 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <vector>
 3 #include "pets.hpp"
 4 
 5 void test() {
 6     using namespace std;
 7 
 8     vector<MachinePets *> pets;
 9 
10     pets.push_back(new PetCats("miku"));
11     pets.push_back(new PetDogs("da huang"));
12 
13     for(auto &ptr: pets)
14         cout <<ptr->get_nickname() << " says " << ptr->talk() << endl;
15 }
16 
17 int main() {
18     test();
19 }
task3.cpp

pets.hpp

程式設計實驗五 
 1 //pets.hpp
 2 
 3 #pragma onece
 4 
 5 #ifndef PETS_HPP
 6 #define PETS_HPP
 7 
 8 #include<iostream>
 9 #include<string>
10 
11 using namespace std;
12 
13 class MachinePets{
14     public:
15         MachinePets(const string& Nickname):nickname(Nickname){}
16         
17         string get_nickname()const{return nickname;}
18         
19         virtual string talk() const = 0; 
20         
21            virtual ~MachinePets() = default; 
22            
23     private:
24         string nickname; 
25 };
26 
27 
28 class PetCats:public MachinePets{
29     public:
30         PetCats(const string& s):MachinePets(s){}
31         string talk()const override{return cat_talk;    }
32     private:
33         string cat_talk="miao wu~";
34 };
35 
36 
37 class PetDogs:public MachinePets{
38     public:
39         PetDogs(const string& s):MachinePets(s){}
40         string talk()const override{return dog_talk;    }
41     private:
42         string dog_talk="wang wang~";
43 };
44 
45 
46 #endif//PETS_HPP
pets.hpp

程式碼執行截圖：

任務4

task4.cpp

程式設計實驗五 
 1 #include "film.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <string>
 4 #include <vector>
 5 #include <algorithm>
 6 
 7 void test() {
 8     using namespace std;
 9 
10     int n;
11     cout << "輸入電影數目: ";
12     cin >> n;
13 
14     cout << "錄入" << n << "部影片資訊" << endl;
15     vector<Film> film_lst;
16     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
17         Film f;
18         cout << string(20, '-') << "第" << i + 1 << "部影片錄入" << string(20, '-') << endl;
19         cin >> f;
20         film_lst.push_back(f);
21     }
22 
23     // 按發行年份升序排序
24     sort(film_lst.begin(), film_lst.end(), compare_by_year);
25 
26     cout << string(20, '=') + "電影資訊(按發行年份)" + string(20, '=') << endl;
27     for (auto& f : film_lst)
28         cout << f << endl;
29 }
30 
31 int main() {
32     test();
33 }
task4.cpp

film.hpp

程式設計實驗五 
 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #ifndef FILM_HPP
 4 #define FILM_HPP
 5 
 6 #include<iostream>
 7 #include<string>
 8 #include<iomanip>
 9 
10 using namespace std;
11 
12 class Film {
13 private:
14     string name;
15     string director;
16     string country;
17     int year;
18 public:
19     Film(){}
20     Film(const string& Name,const string& Director,const string& Country,const int& Year)
21         :name(Name),director(Director),country(Country),year(Year){}
22 
23     
24     friend bool compare_by_year(const Film& f1, const Film& f2);
25     friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Film& f);
26     friend istream& operator>>(istream &in,Film& f);
27 
28 };
29 
30 istream& operator>>(istream& in, Film& f) {
31     cout << "錄入片名：";cin >> f.name;
32     cout << "錄入導演：";cin >> f.director;
33     cout << "錄入製片國家/地區：";cin >> f.country;
34     cout << "錄入上映年份：";cin>> f.year;
35     return in;
36 }
37 
38 ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Film& f) {
39     
40     out << left << setw(12) << f.name << setw(12) << f.director
41         << setw(12) << f.country << setw(12) << f.year;
42     return out;
43 }
44 
45 bool compare_by_year(const Film& f1, const Film& f2) {
46     return f1.year < f2.year;
47 }
48 
49 #endif  //FILM_HPP
film.hpp

程式碼執行截圖：

任務5

task5.cpp

程式設計實驗五 
 1 #include "Complex.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 using std::cin;
 5 using std::cout;
 6 using std::endl;
 7 using std::boolalpha;
 8 
 9 void test1() {
10     Complex<int> c1(2, -5), c2(c1);
11 
12     cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
13     cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
14     cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;
15 
16     c1 += c2;
17     cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
18     cout << boolalpha << (c1 == c2) << endl;
19 }
20 
21 void test2() {
22     Complex<double> c1, c2;
23     cout << "Enter c1 and c2: ";
24     cin >> c1 >> c2;
25     cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
26     cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
27 
28     cout << "c1.real = " << c1.get_real() << endl;
29     cout << "c1.imag = " << c1.get_imag() << endl;
30 }
31 
32 int main() {
33     cout << "自定義類别範本Complex測試1: " << endl;
34     test1();
35 
36     cout << endl;
37 
38     cout << "自定義類别範本Complex測試2: " << endl;
39     test2();
40 }
task5.cpp

Complex.hpp

程式設計實驗五 
 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #ifndef COMPLEX_HPP
 4 #define COMPLEX_HPP
 5 
 6 #include <iostream>
 7 
 8 template <typename T>
 9 class Complex {
10 private:
11     T real;
12     T imag;
13 
14 public:
15     // 預設建構函式
16     Complex(T r = 0, T i = 0) : real(r), imag(i) {}
17 
18     // 複製建構函式
19     Complex(const Complex& other) : real(other.real), imag(other.imag) {}
20 
21     // 獲取實部
22     T get_real() const { return real; }
23 
24     // 獲取虛部
25     T get_imag() const { return imag; }
26 
27     // += 運算子過載
28     Complex& operator+=(const Complex& other) {
29         real += other.real;
30         imag += other.imag;
31         return *this;
32     }
33 
34     // + 運算子過載
35     Complex operator+(const Complex& other) const {
36         return Complex(real + other.real, imag + other.imag);
37     }
38 
39     // == 運算子過載
40     bool operator==(const Complex& other) const {
41         return real == other.real && imag == other.imag;
42     }
43 
44     // 流插入運算子過載
45     friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Complex& c) {
46         os << c.real;
47         if (c.imag >= 0)
48             os << " + " << c.imag << "i";
49         else
50             os << " - " << -c.imag << "i";
51         return os;
52     }
53 
54     // 流提取運算子過載
55     friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Complex& c) {
56         is >> c.real >> c.imag;
57         return is;
58     }
59 };
60 
61 #endif // COMPLEX_HPP
Complex.hpp

程式碼執行截圖：

任務6

task6.cpp

程式設計實驗五 
 1 #include"account.h"
 2 #include<iostream>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 int main() {
 5     Date date(2008, 11, 1);
 6     SavingsAccount sa1(date, "S3755217", 0.015);
 7     SavingsAccount sa2(date, "02342342", 0.015);
 8     CreditAccount ca(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);
 9     Account* accounts[] = { &sa1,&sa2,&ca };
10     const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(Account*);
11     cout << "(d)deposit (w)withdraw (s)show (c)change day (n)next month (e)exit" << endl;
12     char cmd;
13     do {
14         date.show();
15         cout << "\tTotal:" << Account::getTotal() << "\tcommand>";
16         int index, day;
17         double amount;
18         string desc;
19         cin >> cmd;
20         switch (cmd) {
21         case 'd':
22             cin >> index >> amount;
23             getline(cin, desc);
24             accounts[index]->deposit(date, amount, desc);
25             break;
26         case 'w':
27             cin >> index >> amount;
28             getline(cin, desc);
29             accounts[index]->withdraw(date, amount, desc);
30             break;
31         case 's':
32             for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
33                 cout << "[" << i << "]";
34                 accounts[i]->show();
35                 cout << endl;
36             }
37             break;
38         case 'c':
39             cin >> day;
40             if (day < date.getDay()) {
41                 cout << "You cannot specify a previous day";
42             }
43             else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
44                 cout << "Invalid day";
45             else date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
46             break;
47         case 'n':
48             if (date.getMonth() == 12)
49                 date = Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
50             else date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
51             for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
52                 accounts[i]->settle(date);
53             }
54             break;
55         }
56     } while (cmd != 'e');
57     return 0;
58 }
task6.cpp

date.h

程式設計實驗五 
 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 class Date {
 4 private:
 5     int year;
 6     int month;
 7     int day;
 8     int totalDays;
 9 public:
10     Date(int year, int month, int day);
11     int getYear() const { return year; }
12     int getMonth() const { return month; }
13     int getDay() const { return day; }
14     int getMaxDay() const;
15     bool isLeapYear() const {
16         return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
17     }
18     void show()const;
19     int operator-(const Date& date)const {
20         return totalDays - date.totalDays;
21     }
22 };
date.h

date.cpp

程式設計實驗五 
 1 #include"date.h"
 2 #include<iostream>
 3 #include<cstdlib>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 namespace {
 6     const int DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[] = { 0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304 ,334,365 };
 7 }
 8 Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) :year(year), month(month), day(day) {
 9     if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
10         cout << "Invalid date: ";
11         show();
12         cout << endl;
13         exit(1);
14     }
15     int years = year - 1;
16     totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
17     if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
18 }
19 int Date::getMaxDay() const {
20     if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
21         return 29;
22     else return DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month - 1];
23 }
24 void Date::show() const {
25     cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
26 }
date.cpp

accumulator.h

程式設計實驗五 
 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include"date.h"
 4 class Accumulator {
 5 private:
 6     Date lastDate;
 7     double value;
 8     double sum;
 9 public:
10     Accumulator(const Date& date, double value) :lastDate(date), value(value), sum{ 0 } {}
11     double getSum(const Date& date) const {
12         return sum + value * (date - lastDate);
13     }
14     void change(const Date& date, double value) {
15         sum = getSum(date);
16         lastDate = date;
17         this->value = value;
18     }
19     void reset(const Date& date, double value) {
20         lastDate = date;
21         this->value;
22         sum = 0;
23     }
24 };
accumulator.h

account.h

程式設計實驗五 
 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include"date.h"
 4 #include"accumulator.h"
 5 #include<string>
 6 using namespace std;
 7 class Account {
 8 private:
 9     string id;
10     double balance;
11     static double total;
12 protected:
13     Account(const Date& date, const string& id);
14     void record(const Date& date, double amoount, const string& desc);
15     void error(const string& msg) const;
16 public:const string& getId() { return id; }
17       double getBalance() const { return balance; }
18       static double getTotal() { return total; }
19       virtual void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) = 0;
20       virtual void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) = 0;
21       virtual void settle(const Date& date) = 0;
22       virtual void show() const;
23 };
24 class SavingsAccount :public Account {
25 private:
26     Accumulator acc;
27     double rate;
28 public:
29     SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate);
30     double getRate() const { return  rate; }
31     void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
32     void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
33     void settle(const Date& date);
34 };
35 class CreditAccount :public Account {
36 private:
37     Accumulator acc;
38     double credit;
39     double rate;
40     double fee;
41     double getDebt()const {
42         double balance = getBalance();
43         return(balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
44     }
45 public:CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee);
46       double getCredit()const { return credit; }
47       double getRate() const { return rate; }
48       double getFee() const { return fee; }
49       double getAvailableCredit() const {
50           if (getBalance() < 0)return credit + getBalance();
51           else return credit;
52       }
53       void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
54       void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
55       void settle(const Date& date);
56       void show() const;
57 };
account.h

account.cpp

程式設計實驗五 
 1 #include "account.h"
 2 #include <cmath>
 3 #include<iostream>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 double Account::total = 0;
 6 Account::Account(const Date& date, const string& id) :id(id), balance(0) {
 7     date.show();
 8     cout << "\t#" << id << "created" << endl;
 9 }
10 void Account::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
11     amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
12     balance += amount;
13     total += amount;
14     date.show();
15     cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
16 }
17 void Account::show()const { cout << id << "\tBalance:" << balance; }
18 void Account::error(const string& msg)const {
19     cout << "Error(#" << id << "):" << msg << endl;
20 }
21 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate) :Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) {}
22 void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
23     record(date, amount, desc);
24     acc.change(date, getBalance());
25 }
26 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
27     if (amount > getBalance()) {
28         error("not enough money");
29     }
30     else {
31         record(date, -amount, desc);
32         acc.change(date, getBalance());
33     }
34 }
35 void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
36     double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate / (date - Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
37     if (interest != 0)record(date, interest, "interest");
38     acc.reset(date, getBalance());
39 }
40 CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee) :Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) {}
41 void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
42     record(date, amount, desc);
43     acc.change(date, getDebt());
44 }
45 void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
46     if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
47         error("not enouogh credit");
48     }
49     else {
50         record(date, -amount, desc);
51         acc.change(date, getDebt());
52     }
53 }
54 void CreditAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
55     double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
56     if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");
57     if (date.getMonth() == 1)record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
58     acc.reset(date, getDebt());
59 }
60 void CreditAccount::show() const {
61     Account::show();
62     cout << "\tAvailable credit:" << getAvailableCredit();
63 }
account.cpp

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