實驗2 類和物件基礎程式設計1

一口八个小笼包發表於2024-10-29

實驗任務1：
原始碼t.h:

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#pragma once
#include <string>
// 類T: 宣告
class T {
// 物件屬性、方法
public:
  T(int x = 0, int y = 0);  // 普通建構函式
  T(const T &t);  // 複製建構函式
  T(T &&t);    // 移動建構函式
  ~T();      // 解構函式
  void adjust(int ratio);    // 按係數成倍調整資料
  void display() const;      // 以(m1, m2)形式顯示T類物件資訊
private:
  int m1, m2;
// 類屬性、方法
public:
  static int get_cnt();      // 顯示當前T類物件總數
public:
  static const std::string doc;    // 類T的描述資訊
  static const int max_cnt;      // 類T物件上限
private:
  static int cnt;     // 當前T類物件數目
// 類T友元函式宣告
  friend void func();
};
// 普通函式宣告
void func();

原始碼t.cpp:

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// 類T: 實現
// 普通函式實現
#include "t.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;
// static成員資料類外初始化
const std::string T::doc{"a simple class sample"};
const int T::max_cnt = 999;
int T::cnt = 0;
// 物件方法
T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} {
  ++cnt;
  cout << "T constructor called.\n";
}
T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
  ++cnt;
  cout << "T copy constructor called.\n";
}
T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
  ++cnt;
  cout << "T move constructor called.\n";
}  
T::~T() {
  --cnt;
  cout << "T destructor called.\n";
}     
void T::adjust(int ratio) {
  m1 *= ratio;
  m2 *= ratio;
}  
void T::display() const {
  cout << "(" << m1 << ", " << m2 << ")" ;
}  
// 類方法
int T::get_cnt() {
 return cnt;
}
// 友元
void func() {
  T t5(42);
  t5.m2 = 2049;
  cout << "t5 = "; t5.display(); cout << endl;
}

原始碼task1.cpp:

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#include "t.h"
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
void test();
int main() {
  test();
  cout << "\nmain: \n";
  cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
}
void test() {
  cout << "test class T: \n";
  cout << "T info: " << T::doc << endl;
  cout << "T objects'max count: " << T::max_cnt << endl;
  cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl << endl;
  T t1;
  cout << "t1 = "; t1.display(); cout << endl;
  T t2(3, 4);
  cout << "t2 = "; t2.display(); cout << endl;
  T t3(t2);
  t3.adjust(2);
  cout << "t3 = "; t3.display(); cout << endl;
  T t4(std::move(t2));
  cout << "t3 = "; t4.display(); cout << endl;
  cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
  func();
}

執行測試截圖：

問題1：不能；編譯報錯資訊截圖：

問題2：普通建構函式：預設建構函式
複製建構函式：用別的物件來初始化新物件的記憶體
移動建構函式：更節約時間的類似複製建構函式的函式
解構函式：當物件生命週期結束時，釋放物件記憶體空間

問題3：不能

實驗任務2：
原始碼Complex.h:

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#pragma once
   #include<iostream>
   using namespace std;
   
   class Complex
   {
   public:
       Complex(double x = 0, double y = 0) :real(x), imag(y) {}
       Complex(const Complex& L);
       double get_real();
       double get_imag();
       void add(Complex L2);
       
       friend Complex add(Complex L1, Complex L2);
       friend bool is_equal(Complex L1, Complex L2);
       friend bool is_not_equal(Complex L1, Complex L2);
       friend void output(Complex L);
       friend double abs(Complex L);

       static string doc; 
   private:
   double real;
   double imag;
};

原始碼Complex.cpp:

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#include<iostream>
   #include"Complex.h"
   #include<cmath>
   using namespace std;
   
   string Complex::doc = "a simplified complex class";
   Complex::Complex(const Complex& L)
   {
       real = L.real;
       imag = L.imag;
   }
   
   double Complex::get_real()
   {
       return real;
   }
   double Complex::get_imag()
   {
       return imag;
   }
   
   void Complex::add(Complex L2)
   {
       real += L2.real;
       imag += L2.imag;
   }
   Complex add(Complex L1, Complex L2)
   {
       Complex L3;
       L3.real = L1.real + L2.real;
       L3.imag = L1.imag + L2.imag;
       return L3;
   }
   bool is_equal(Complex L1, Complex L2)
   {
       if (L1.real == L2.real && L1.imag == L2.imag)
       {
           return true;
       }
       else
       {
           return false;
       }
   }
   
    bool is_not_equal(Complex L1, Complex L2)
   {
       if (L1.real == L2.real && L1.imag == L2.imag)
       {
           return false;
       }
       else
       {
           return true;
       }
   
   }
   void output(Complex L)
   {
       if (L.imag >= 0)
           cout << L.real << "+" << L.imag << "i";
       else
       {
           cout << L.real << L.imag << "i";
       }
   }
   
    double abs(Complex L)
   {
       double c;
       c = sqrt(L.real * L.real + L.imag * L.imag);
       return c;
   }

原始碼task2.cpp:

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#include "Complex.h"
#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::boolalpha;

void test() {
    cout << "類成員測試: " << endl;
    cout << Complex::doc << endl;

    cout << endl;

    cout << "Complex物件測試: " << endl;
    Complex c1;
    Complex c2(3, -4);
    const Complex c3(3.5);
    Complex c4(c3);

    cout << "c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
    cout << "c2 = "; output(c2); cout << endl;
    cout << "c3 = "; output(c3); cout << endl;
    cout << "c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
    cout << "c4.real = " << c4.get_real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.get_imag() << endl;

    cout << endl;

    cout << "複數運算測試: " << endl;
    cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
    c1.add(c2);
    cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
    cout << boolalpha;
    cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
    cout << "c1 != c3 : " << is_not_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
    c4 = add(c2, c3);
    cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
}

int main() {
    test();
}

執行測試截圖：

實驗任務3：
原始碼task3.cpp:

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#include <iostream>
#include <complex>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::boolalpha;
using std::complex;

void test() {
    cout << "標準庫模板類comple測試: " << endl;
    complex<double> c1;
    complex<double> c2(3, -4);
    const complex<double> c3(3.5);
    complex<double> c4(c3);

    cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
    cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
    cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
    cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
    cout << "c4.real = " << c4.real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.imag() << endl;
    cout << endl;

    cout << "複數運算測試: " << endl;
    cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
    c1 += c2;
    cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = " << c1 << endl;
    cout << boolalpha;
    cout << "c1 == c2 : " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
    cout << "c1 != c3 : " << (c1 != c3) << endl;
    c4 = c2 + c3;
    cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = " << c4 << endl;
}

int main() {
    test();
}

執行測試截圖：

實驗任務4：
原始碼Fraction.h:

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#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Fraction
{
private:
    int up, down;


public:
    static const string doc;
    Fraction(int x = 0, int y = 1);
    Fraction(const Fraction& L);
    int get_up();
    int get_down();
    Fraction negative();

    void yuefen();
    friend void output(Fraction L);
    friend Fraction add(Fraction L1, Fraction L2);
    friend Fraction sub(Fraction L1, Fraction L2);
    friend Fraction mul(Fraction L1, Fraction L2);
    friend Fraction div(Fraction L1, Fraction L2);


};

原始碼Fraction.cpp:

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#include "Fraction.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>


using namespace std;

const string Fraction::doc = "Fraction類v0.01版.\n目前僅支援分數物件的構造、輸出、加/減/乘/除運算";


int gongyueshu(int a, int b)
{
    int r;
    while (b > 0)
    {
        r = a % b;
        a = b;
        b = r;
    }
    return a;
}

Fraction::Fraction(int x, int y):up(x),down(y)
{
    if (down == 0)
    {
        cout << "分母不能為0";
    }
    yuefen();
}

Fraction::Fraction(const Fraction& L)
{
    up = L.up;
    down = L.down;
}

void Fraction::yuefen()
{
    int shu = gongyueshu(abs(up), abs(down));
    up = up / shu;
    down = down / shu;

}



int Fraction::get_up()
{
    return up;
}
int Fraction::get_down()
{
    return down;
}
Fraction Fraction::negative()
{
    return Fraction(-up, down);
}
void output(Fraction L)
{


        if (L.up * L.down < 0)
        {
            if (L.up % L.down == 0)
            {
                cout << "-" << abs(L.up) /abs( L.down);
            }
            else
            {
                cout << "-" << abs(L.up) << "/" << abs(L.down);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (L.up % L.down == 0)
            {
                cout << abs(L.up) / abs(L.down);
            }
            else
            {
                cout << abs(L.up) << "/" << abs(L.down);
            }
        }

}

Fraction add(Fraction L1, Fraction L2)
{
    int a, b;
    b = L1.down * L2.down;
    a = L1.up * L2.down + L2.up * L1.down;
    return Fraction(a, b);
}
Fraction sub(Fraction L1, Fraction L2)
{
    int a, b;
    b = L1.down * L2.down;
    a = L1.up * L2.down - L2.up * L1.down;
    return Fraction(a, b);
}
Fraction mul(Fraction L1, Fraction L2)
{
    int a, b;
    a = L1.up * L2.up;
    b = L1.down * L2.down;
    return Fraction(a, b);
}
Fraction div(Fraction L1, Fraction L2)
{
    int a, b;
    a = L1.up * L2.down;
    b= L1.down * L2.up;
    return Fraction(a, b);
}

原始碼task4.cpp:

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#include "Fraction.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>


using namespace std;

const string Fraction::doc = "Fraction類v0.01版.\n目前僅支援分數物件的構造、輸出、加/減/乘/除運算";


int gongyueshu(int a, int b)
{
    int r;
    while (b > 0)
    {
        r = a % b;
        a = b;
        b = r;
    }
    return a;
}

Fraction::Fraction(int x, int y):up(x),down(y)
{
    if (down == 0)
    {
        cout << "分母不能為0";
    }
    yuefen();
}

Fraction::Fraction(const Fraction& L)
{
    up = L.up;
    down = L.down;
}

void Fraction::yuefen()
{
    int shu = gongyueshu(abs(up), abs(down));
    up = up / shu;
    down = down / shu;

}



int Fraction::get_up()
{
    return up;
}
int Fraction::get_down()
{
    return down;
}
Fraction Fraction::negative()
{
    return Fraction(-up, down);
}
void output(Fraction L)
{


        if (L.up * L.down < 0)
        {
            if (L.up % L.down == 0)
            {
                cout << "-" << abs(L.up) /abs( L.down);
            }
            else
            {
                cout << "-" << abs(L.up) << "/" << abs(L.down);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (L.up % L.down == 0)
            {
                cout << abs(L.up) / abs(L.down);
            }
            else
            {
                cout << abs(L.up) << "/" << abs(L.down);
            }
        }

}

Fraction add(Fraction L1, Fraction L2)
{
    int a, b;
    b = L1.down * L2.down;
    a = L1.up * L2.down + L2.up * L1.down;
    return Fraction(a, b);
}
Fraction sub(Fraction L1, Fraction L2)
{
    int a, b;
    b = L1.down * L2.down;
    a = L1.up * L2.down - L2.up * L1.down;
    return Fraction(a, b);
}
Fraction mul(Fraction L1, Fraction L2)
{
    int a, b;
    a = L1.up * L2.up;
    b = L1.down * L2.down;
    return Fraction(a, b);
}
Fraction div(Fraction L1, Fraction L2)
{
    int a, b;
    a = L1.up * L2.down;
    b= L1.down * L2.up;
    return Fraction(a, b);
}

執行測試截圖：

實驗任務5：
原始碼acccount.h:

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#pragma once
class SavingsAccount {
private:
int id;
double balance;
double rate;
int lastDate;
double accumulation;
static double total;
void record(int date, double amount);
double accumulate(int date) const
{
    return accumulation + balance * (date - lastDate);

}
public:
SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate);
int getId()const { return id; }
double getBalance()const { return balance; }
double getRate()const { return rate; }
static double getTotal() { return total; }
void deposit(int date, double amount);
void withdraw(int date, double amount);
void settle(int date);
 void show()const;

};

原始碼acccount.cpp:

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#include"account.h"
#include<cmath>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
double SavingsAccount::total = 0;
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate) :id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0)
{
    cout << date << "\t#" << id << " is created" << endl;
}

void SavingsAccount::record(int date, double amount)
{
    accumulation = accumulate(date);
    lastDate = date;
    amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
    balance += amount;
    total += amount;
    cout << date << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << endl;

}
void SavingsAccount::deposit(int date, double amount) {
    record(date, amount);

}
void SavingsAccount::withdraw(int date, double amount) {
    if (amount > getBalance())
        cout << "Error:not enough money" << endl;
    else
    {
        record(date, -amount);

    }
}
void SavingsAccount::settle(int date) {
    double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / 365;
    if (interest != 0)
        record(date, interest);
    accumulation = 0;

}
void SavingsAccount::show()const {
    cout << "#" << id << "\tBalance:" << balance;

}

原始碼5_11.cpp:

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#include"account.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    SavingsAccount sa0(1, 21325302, 0.015);
    SavingsAccount sa1(1, 58320212, 0.015);
    sa0.deposit(5, 5000);
    sa1.deposit(25, 10000);
    sa0.deposit(45, 5500);
    sa1.withdraw(60, 4000);
    sa0.settle(90);
    sa1.settle(90);
    sa0.show(); cout << endl;
    sa1.show(); cout << endl;
    cout << "Total: " << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
    return 0;

}

執行測試截圖：

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