（三）arcpy開發&利用arcpy實現接邊處理（arcgis要素建立、更新、圖層選擇）

之前一個專案中有關於接邊方面內容，即在兩個相鄰的行政區域內出現面資料有相鄰的部分，現在需要將相鄰部分兩個面的ID互換。具體的資料如下圖所示：

那麼如何來解決這個問題呢，首先在arcpy中可以使用

SelectLayerByLocation_management對圖層進行選擇，該函式需要傳入選擇圖層，被選擇圖層，以及選擇的方式，是否相鄰之類的。關於該函式的使用，大家可以查閱相關的資料，這裡就不一一說明。首先在編寫這個程式時，需要對一個區域所有的面進行遍歷，然後再與另外區域的所有面進行選擇。因此，這中間涉及到面遍歷後建立新元素，然後將新元素放到選擇函式中，之後還需要刪除該圖層。這中間比較浪費時間，特別是在建立元素和刪除元素的時候，以及進行選擇操作時。經過比較後找到相應的id然後更新原來的傳入的資料。具體的實現看一下原始碼。

# coding:utf-8
import arcpy
import os
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')




#交換id
def switchID(selectLayer,selectID,selectedLayer,selectedID):
    #處理選擇圖層
    with  arcpy.da.UpdateCursor(selectLayer,["ID","JBX"])  as cursor:
        for row in cursor:
            tmpSelectID=row[0].encode("utf-8")
            if tmpSelectID==selectID:
                row[1]=selectedID
                cursor.updateRow(row)
                break

        del  cursor
    #處理被選擇圖層
    with  arcpy.da.UpdateCursor(selectedLayer,["ID","JBX"])  as cursor:
        for row in cursor:
            tmpSelectID=row[0].encode("utf-8")
            if tmpSelectID==selectedID:
                row[1]=selectID
                cursor.updateRow(row)
                break

        del  cursor

def delShpFile(root):
     extends=[".cpg",".dbf",".prj",".sbn",".sbx",".shp",".shp.xml",".shx"]
     files=[]
     for extend in extends:
        tmpFile=root+extend
        if os.path.isfile(tmpFile):
            files.append(tmpFile)
     for file in files:
         os.remove(file)

selectLayer="C:\Users\Desktop\STProject\statistics\測試資料\xx1遙感統計資料庫.gdb\STM"
selectedLayer="C:\Users\Desktop\STProject\statistics\測試資料\xx2遙感統計資料庫.gdb\STM"

arcpy.MakeFeatureLayer_management(selectLayer,"STM")

arcpy.MakeFeatureLayer_management(selectedLayer,"STM2")

selection=arcpy.SelectLayerByLocation_management("STM",
                                                 "BOUNDARY_TOUCHES",
                                                 selectedLayer,"","NEW_SELECTION")

selection2=arcpy.SelectLayerByLocation_management("STM2",
                                                 "BOUNDARY_TOUCHES",
                                                 selectLayer,"","NEW_SELECTION")

cnt=arcpy.GetCount_management(selection);

rootPath="C:\Users\qrb_PC\Desktop\mestShp"




# with arcpy.da.SearchCursor(selectLayer, ["SHAPE@",'ID']) as cursor:
#      for row in cursor:
#         geometry = row[0]
#         arcpy.MakeFeatureLayer_management(geometry,"TmpSTM")
#         itemSelect=arcpy.SelectLayerByLocation_management("TmpSTM",selectedLayer,"","NEW_SELECTION")
#         tmpCNT = arcpy.GetCount_management(itemSelect);
#      del cursor


selectResultPath=rootPath+"\Metd.shp"
arcpy.CopyFeatures_management(selection, selectResultPath)

selectedResultPath=rootPath+"\Metd2.shp"

finalResPath=rootPath+"\Final.shp"

cnt2=arcpy.GetCount_management(selection2)
arcpy.CopyFeatures_management(selection2, selectedResultPath)

# 遍歷選擇面
with arcpy.da.SearchCursor(selectResultPath, ["SHAPE@",'ID']) as selectCursor:
    for selectRow in selectCursor:
        out_name = "Select"+selectRow[1] + '.shp'
        tmpSelectOutName="Select"+selectRow[1];
        selectID=selectRow[1].encode("utf-8")
        arcpy.FeatureClassToFeatureClass_conversion(selectRow[0], rootPath, out_name)
        # 遍歷被選擇面
        with arcpy.da.SearchCursor(selectedResultPath, ["SHAPE@",'ID']) as selectedCursor:
            for selectedRow in selectedCursor:
                out_name2 = "SelectED" + selectedRow[1] + '.shp'
                tmpSelectedOutName = "SelectED" + selectedRow[1]
                creatName="RSelectED" + selectedRow[1]

                creatName.encode("utf-8")
                arcpy.FeatureClassToFeatureClass_conversion(selectedRow[0], rootPath, out_name2)

                tmpResultPath=rootPath +"\\"+ out_name
                tmpResultPath2 = rootPath + "\\" + out_name2
                #建立臨時圖層
                arcpy.MakeFeatureLayer_management(tmpResultPath, creatName)
                resSelection = arcpy.SelectLayerByLocation_management(creatName,"BOUNDARY_TOUCHES",tmpResultPath2)
                fCNT = int(arcpy.GetCount_management(resSelection).getOutput(0))

                selectedID=selectedRow[1].encode("utf-8")
                mypath=rootPath+"\\"+tmpSelectedOutName
                if fCNT==1:
                    print "已經找到"
                    switchID(selectLayer,selectID,selectedLayer,selectedID)
                    delShpFile(rootPath+"\\"+tmpSelectedOutName)
                else:
                    delShpFile(rootPath+"\\"+tmpSelectedOutName)
                #刪除臨時圖層
                arcpy.Delete_management(creatName)
            del selectedCursor
        delShpFile(rootPath + "\\" + tmpSelectOutName)
    del selectCursor

當然在中間遇到了不少的問題，首先來看一下這個，顯然是使用遊標選擇的時候，欄位值沒有造成的錯誤。

RuntimeError: A column was specified that does not exist.

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