如何將WebAssembly最佳化到2MB?

tokengo發表於2023-01-30

Blazor WebAssembly載入最佳化方案

對於Blazor WebAssembly載入方案的最佳化是針對於WebAssembly首次載入,由於BlazorWebAssembly是在首次載入的時候會將.NET Core的所有程式集都會載入到瀏覽器中,並且在使用的時候可能引用了很多第三方的dll,導致載入緩慢;

最佳化方案 :

1. 壓縮

​ 釋出 Blazor WebAssembly 應用時,將在釋出過程中對輸出內容進行靜態壓縮,從而減小應用的大小,並免去執行時壓縮的開銷。 使用以下壓縮演算法:

google/brotli GitHub repository 中獲取 JavaScript Brotli 解碼器。 縮小的解碼器檔案被命名為 decode.min.js,並且位於儲存庫的 js 資料夾中。

​ 修改wwwroot/index.html 檔案程式碼 ,新增autostart="false" ,阻住預設啟動載入程式集

<script src="_framework/blazor.webassembly.js" autostart="false"></script>

在 Blazor 的 <script> 標記之後和結束 </body> 標記之前,新增以下 JavaScript 程式碼 <script> 塊:

<script type="module">
  import { BrotliDecode } from './decode.min.js';
  Blazor.start({
    loadBootResource: function (type, name, defaultUri, integrity) {
    // 注意:這裡使用localhost的時候不會啟動壓縮
      if (type !== 'dotnetjs' && location.hostname !== 'localhost') {
        return (async function () {
          const response = await fetch(defaultUri + '.br', { cache: 'no-cache' });
          if (!response.ok) {
            throw new Error(response.statusText);
          }
          const originalResponseBuffer = await response.arrayBuffer();
          const originalResponseArray = new Int8Array(originalResponseBuffer);
          const decompressedResponseArray = BrotliDecode(originalResponseArray);
          const contentType = type === 
            'dotnetwasm' ? 'application/wasm' : 'application/octet-stream';
          return new Response(decompressedResponseArray, 
            { headers: { 'content-type': contentType } });
        })();
      }
    }
  });
</script>

壓縮方案將減少載入時間,大概是壓縮dll的三分之一大小,效果如圖

輸入圖片說明

在使用autostart="false"標記以後不會啟動就載入,載入程式集將在上面的程式碼塊中執行,預設是載入br;

2. 延遲載入程式集

透過等待應用程式集直到需要時才載入,提高 Blazor WebAssembly 應用啟動效能,這種方式稱為“延遲載入”。

將BlazorWebAssembly專案拆分細緻,透過延遲載入程式集提升BlazorWebAssembly首次載入時間,我們將透過一個案例來講解延遲載入程式集

建立一個空的Blazor WebAssembly專案: 專案名稱Demand
輸入圖片說明

取消HTTPS 使用漸進式Web應用程式

輸入圖片說明

在建立Razor類庫,專案名稱:Demand.Components,然後預設選項建立專案

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建立Components.razor檔案,並且刪除多餘檔案,效果如圖:
輸入圖片說明
Components.razor新增以下程式碼:

@inject NavigationManager NavigationManager

@page "/components"

<div>
    <h1>
        Components
    </h1>
    
</div>
<button @onclick="Goto">跳轉到首頁</button>
@code
{
    private void Goto()
    {
        NavigationManager.NavigateTo("/");
    }
}

Demand專案中引用Demand.Components專案

修改App.razor檔案 ,程式碼如下:

@using System.Reflection
@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.WebAssembly.Services

@*
    這裡需要注意,WebAssembly是預設注入的但是Server並沒有注入 
    在Server中手動注入
    builder.Services.AddScoped<LazyAssemblyLoader>();
*@
@inject LazyAssemblyLoader AssemblyLoader

<Router AppAssembly="@typeof(App).Assembly"
        AdditionalAssemblies="@lazyLoadedAssemblies"
        OnNavigateAsync="@OnNavigateAsync">
    <Found Context="routeData">
        <RouteView RouteData="@routeData" DefaultLayout="@typeof(MainLayout)" />
        <FocusOnNavigate RouteData="@routeData" Selector="h1" />
    </Found>
    <NotFound>
        <PageTitle>Not found</PageTitle>
        <LayoutView Layout="@typeof(MainLayout)">
            <p role="alert">Sorry, there's nothing at this address.</p>
        </LayoutView>
    </NotFound>

</Router>

@code {
    private List<Assembly> lazyLoadedAssemblies = new();

    private async Task OnNavigateAsync(NavigationContext args)
    {
        try
        {
            if (args.Path == "components")
            {
                // 這裡自定義Demand.Components依賴的程式集,
                var assemblies = await AssemblyLoader.LoadAssembliesAsync(new[] { "Demand.Components.dll" });
                // 新增到路由程式集掃描中
                lazyLoadedAssemblies.AddRange(assemblies);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
        }
    }
}

處理指定路由元件需要載入的程式集

開啟Demand專案檔案

如果在Debug模式下可以使用新增以下忽略列表:

<ItemGroup>
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Xml.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Xml.XmlSerializer.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Xml.XmlDocument.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Xml.XPath.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Xml.XPath.XDocument.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Xml.XDocument.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Xml.Serialization.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Xml.ReaderWriter.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Xml.Linq.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Windows.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.Quic.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.IO.Compression.ZipFile.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Runtime.Numerics.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Collections.Immutable.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="Microsoft.Win32.Registry.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Web.HttpUtility.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.ValueTuple.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Security.AccessControl.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.Mail.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.NameResolution.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.IO.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.IO.UnmanagedMemoryStream.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.IO.Pipes.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.IO.Pipes.AccessControl.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.IO.Pipelines.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.IO.FileSystem.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.IO.FileSystem.Watcher.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.IO.FileSystem.Primitives.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.IO.FileSystem.DriveInfo.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.IO.FileSystem.AccessControl.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Data.Common.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="Microsoft.CSharp.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Console.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Core.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Data.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Data.DataSetExtensions.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Drawing.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Drawing.Primitives.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Diagnostics.TraceSource.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Diagnostics.Tools.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Diagnostics.TextWriterTraceListener.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Diagnostics.StackTrace.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Diagnostics.Process.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Diagnostics.FileVersionInfo.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Diagnostics.DiagnosticSource.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Diagnostics.Debug.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Diagnostics.Contracts.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Metadata.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Binder.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="Microsoft.Extensions.FileProviders.Abstractions.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="Microsoft.Extensions.FileProviders.Physical.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.FileExtensions.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="Microsoft.Extensions.FileSystemGlobbing.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.IO.MemoryMappedFiles.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.IO.IsolatedStorage.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.IO.Compression.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.IO.Compression.FileSystem.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.IO.Compression.Brotli.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Formats.Tar.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Formats.Asn1.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.WebSockets.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Private.DataContractSerialization.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Private.Xml.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Security.Cryptography.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="Microsoft.VisualBasic.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="Microsoft.VisualBasic.Core.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Threading.Tasks.Dataflow.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Text.Encoding.CodePages.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.WebSockets.Client.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Private.Xml.Linq.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Text.RegularExpressions.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.Sockets.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.WebClient.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.WebProxy.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.Ping.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.WebHeaderCollection.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Security.Cryptography.OpenSsl.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Security.Cryptography.Encoding.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Security.Cryptography.Csp.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Security.Cryptography.Cng.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Security.Claims.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Security.Cryptography.Algorithms.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="Microsoft.Win32.Primitives.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.HttpListener.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.AppContext.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.NetworkInformation.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.Requests.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.Primitives.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.Security.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.ServicePoint.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.Http.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Globalization.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Globalization.Calendars.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Globalization.Extensions.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Net.Http.Json.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Web.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="WindowsBase.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Resources.Writer.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Resources.ResourceManager.dll" />
		<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="System.Resources.Reader.dll" />
	</ItemGroup>

這些是不常用的一些程式集,如果出現以下錯誤,請將找不到的程式集刪除按需載入配置

輸入圖片說明

但是如果使用了上面的按需載入配置,在釋出的時候會出現異常比如下面這個圖這樣;錯誤原因是Blazor WebAssembly在釋出的時候預設使用裁剪,由於以下程式集剛剛好是沒有使用的,在裁剪以後會配置按需載入,但是它已經被裁剪了,所以導致無法找到按需載入的程式集;只要刪除報錯的程式集即可;這個只有在釋出的時候才會出現,DeBug還是可以繼續使用上面的按需載入的配置,可以在除錯的時候響應更快
輸入圖片說明

然後下一步

新增指定專案的按需載入配置,我們將Demand.Components專案配置上去,

	<ItemGroup>
    	<BlazorWebAssemblyLazyLoad Include="Demand.Components.dll" />
	</ItemGroup>

修改Pages/Index.razor檔案程式碼

@page "/"
@inject NavigationManager NavigationManager
<h1>Hello, world!</h1>

<button @onclick="Goto">跳轉到components</button>
@code
{
    private void Goto()
    {
        NavigationManager.NavigateTo("/components");
    }
}

然後啟動專案,開啟F12開發者除錯工具,點選應用程式,找到儲存,點選清除網站資料(第一次載入以後程式集會快取起來):

輸入圖片說明

點選網路,然後重新整理介面,我們看到這裡並不會載入Demand.Components.dll,但是這裡的程式集:
輸入圖片說明
然後點選介面的按鈕:

輸入圖片說明

這個時候在來到除錯工具的網路,我們看到Demand.Components.dll已經被載入了,當我們使用的時候這個程式集才會載入,並且第二次加入介面的時候不會重複載入程式集

輸入圖片說明
然後我們將專案釋出(釋出的時候記得上面提到的裁剪導致程式集丟失無法使用按需載入的問題,只要在按需載入的配置中清理掉被裁剪的程式集即可):

輸入圖片說明

然後使用docker compose部署一個nginx代理檢視效果:

建立docker-compose.yml檔案,並且新增以下程式碼,在docker-compose.yml的當前目錄下建立 conf.dwwwroot倆個資料夾:

services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:stable-alpine
    container_name: nginx
    volumes:
      - ./conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d
      - ./wwwroot:/wwwroot
    ports:
      - 811:80

conf.d中建立webassembly.conf,並且新增以下程式碼:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name http://localhost;
    
    location / {
        root /wwwroot;
        index index.html;
    }
    
}

然後在docker-compose.yml所屬目錄中使用docker-compose up -d啟動nginx服務

開啟瀏覽器訪問http://127.0.0.1:811/ (不要使用localhost訪問,預設不會啟動壓縮的)然後開啟f12除錯工具,並且在應用程式中清理掉儲存,在開啟網路選項,重新整理瀏覽器,載入完成,最佳化到了2.3MB,啟動壓縮,並且在釋出的時候裁剪了未使用的程式集:
輸入圖片說明

結尾

如果您有更好的最佳化方案可以聯絡我

來著token的分享

demo地址

GitHub

Gitee

blazor交流群:452761192

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