透過命令列在 Python 中測試以太坊 RPC 客戶端

geeker發表於2018-11-09
命令列PythonRPC客戶端

在這個筆記中，我將使用Python命令列測試以太坊的RPC客戶端，準備好狂敲鍵盤吧。過程中有關JSON RPC的更多資訊，可以參閱JSON RPC。

輸入：

from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
InteractiveShell.ast_node_interactivity = "all"
import sys
sys.version

輸出：

'3.6.0 |Anaconda 4.3.0 (64-bit)| (default, Dec 23 2016, 12:22:00) \n[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-1)]'

準備環境

為以太坊安裝Python RPC客戶端，輸入：

jitsejan@jjvps:~$ pip install ethereum-rpc-client

啟動區塊鏈以確保啟用RPC。

輸入：

jitsejan@jjvps:~$ geth --networkid 23 --nodiscover --maxpeers 0  --port 30333 --rpc

驗證geth是否正在執行並且列出了該帳戶。

輸入：

!geth account list

輸出：

Account #0: {8cf9deda0712f2291fb16739f8759e4a0a575854} keystore:///home/jitsejan/.ethereum/keystore/UTC--2017-05-01T14-58-43.532247863Z--8cf9deda0712f2291fb16739f8759e4a0a575854

連結到RPC客戶端

輸入：

from eth_rpc_client import Client
client = Client(host="127.0.0.1", port="8545")

檢查客戶端

輸入：

import pdir
pdir(client)

輸出：

abstract class:
    __subclasshook__
attribute access:
    __delattr__, __dir__, __getattribute__, __setattr__
class customization:
    __init_subclass__
object customization:
    __format__, __hash__, __init__, __new__, __repr__, __sizeof__, __str__
other:
    _coinbase_cache, _coinbase_cache_til, _nonce, async_timeout, host, is_async, port, request_queue, request_thread, results, session
pickle:
    __reduce__, __reduce_ex__
rich comparison:
    __eq__, __ge__, __gt__, __le__, __lt__, __ne__
special attribute:
    __class__, __dict__, __doc__, __module__, __weakref__
descriptor:
    default_from_address: @property with getter, Cache the coinbase address so that we don't make two requests for every
function:
    _make_request: 
    call: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_call
    construct_json_request: 
    get_accounts: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_accounts
    get_balance: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_getbalance
    get_block_by_hash: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_getblockbyhash
    get_block_by_number: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_getblockbynumber
    get_block_number: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_blocknumber<F37>
    get_code: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_getcode
    get_coinbase: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_coinbase
    get_filter_changes: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_getfilterchanges
    get_filter_logs: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_getfilterlogs
    get_gas_price: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_gasprice
    get_logs: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_getlogs
    get_max_gas: 
    get_nonce: 
    get_transaction_by_hash: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_gettransactionbyhash
    get_transaction_receipt: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_gettransactionreceipt
    make_request: 
    new_block_filter: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_newblockfilter
    new_filter: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_newfilter
    new_pending_transaction_filter: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_newpendingtransactionfilter
    process_requests: Loop that runs in a thread to process requests synchronously.
    send_transaction: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_sendtransaction
    uninstall_filter: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#eth_uninstallfilter
    wait_for_block: 
    wait_for_transaction:

獲取區塊鏈的coinbase

輸入：

address = client.get_coinbase()
address

輸出：

0x8cf9deda0712f2291fb16739f8759e4a0a575854

查詢主地址的餘額

輸入：

client.get_balance(address)

輸出：

135000419895999999940

設定其他兩臺機器的地址

輸入：

address_vps_one = "0xc257beaea430afb3a09640ce7f020c906331f805"
address_vps_two = "0xe86ee31b7d32b743907fa7438c422a1803717deb"

client.get_balance(address_vps_one)
client.get_balance(address_vps_two)

輸出：

6999160060000000000
83000420044000000060

交易

讓我們從主機傳送12個乙太網到VPS，1 GWEI=0.000000001 Ether。

輸入：

amount = 12 # Ether
sending_address = address
receiving_address = address_vps_one

獲取密碼以解鎖傳送帳戶

輸入：

from getpass import getpass  
pw = getpass(prompt='Enter the password for the sender: ')

透過命令列解鎖帳戶

輸入：

command = r'geth --exec "personal.unlockAccount(\"%s\", \"%s\");" attach ' % (sending_address, pw)
result = !$command
if result[0] != 'true':
    print('Fail: %s' % result[0])
else:
    print('Account is unlocked!')

輸出：

Account is unlocked!

傳送交易

tx_hash = client.send_transaction(to=receiving_address, _from=sending_address, value=amount * 10**9)

檢查交易明細

client.get_transaction_by_hash(tx_hash)

輸出：

{'blockHash': '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
 'blockNumber': None,
 'from': '0x8cf9deda0712f2291fb16739f8759e4a0a575854',
 'gas': '0x15f90',
 'gasPrice': '0x4a817c800',
 'hash': '0x3d1a193ccfccc4e9ab2a411044069deeec2feef31a594bbf73726b463e8e90b4',
 'input': '0x',
 'nonce': '0xb',
 'r': '0xe8698846a461938e800698fcc34570e0c4e9a3425f0bc441bf3e0716dab7b3e0',
 's': '0x4fcd9bda8a1e98a7b0e8d953dec0cc733238c383d97393aa15c43963551f8daf',
 'to': '0xc257beaea430afb3a09640ce7f020c906331f805',
 'transactionIndex': '0x0',
 'v': '0x42',
 'value': '0x2cb417800'}

執行一個挖掘步驟

執行礦工以驗證交易。

輸入：

prev_balance_sen = client.get_balance(sending_address)
prev_balance_rec = client.get_balance(receiving_address)
result = !geth --exec "miner.start();admin.sleepBlocks(1);miner.stop();" attach
if result[0] != 'true':
    print('Fail: %s' % result[0])
else:
    print("Mining finished!")

輸出挖礦完成：

Mining finished!

檢查是否已收到乙太網

輸入:

print("Received %d"% (client.get_balance(receiving_address)-prev_balance_rec))

輸出收到金額：

Received 12000000000

檢查Ether是否已傳送

首先檢查餘額的差異，輸入：

print("Difference of the sender %d"% (client.get_balance(sending_address)-prev_balance_sen))

輸出：

Difference of the sender 4999999988000000000

對於採礦來說，礦工將獲得採礦獎金。

輸入：

mining_bonus = 5000000000000000000

要獲得乙太網傳送的數量，我們需要減去採礦獎金。

輸入：

print("Amount difference: %d" % int(client.get_balance(sending_address)-prev_balance_sen - mining_bonus))

輸出金額差異：

Amount difference: -12000000000。

python以太坊，主要是針對python工程師使用web3.py進行區塊鏈以太坊開發的詳解。

這裡是原文在Python中使用以太坊RPC客戶端

本作品採用《CC 協議》，轉載必須註明作者和本文連結

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