@冒泡的馬樹
題庫原地址:http://csbin.io/iterators
Iterators迭代器
挑戰1
問題:
A) 建立一個for迴圈,用於遍歷陣列,返回陣列的所有元素的總和。
B) 建立一個函式式迭代器,呼叫時遍歷傳入的陣列的每一個元素,每次一個元素。
題解:
// CHALLENGE 1
function sumFunc(arr) {
// YOUR CODE HERE
let sum = 0
for(let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
sum += arr[i]
}
return sum
}
// Uncomment the lines below to test your work
const array = [1, 2, 3, 4];
console.log(sumFunc(array)); // -> should log 10
function returnIterator(arr) {
// YOUR CODE HERE
let i = 0
const inner = () => {
const element = arr[i]
i++
return element
}
return inner
}
// Uncomment the lines below to test your work
const array2 = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'];
const myIterator = returnIterator(array2);
console.log(myIterator()); // -> should log 'a'
console.log(myIterator()); // -> should log 'b'
console.log(myIterator()); // -> should log 'c'
console.log(myIterator()); // -> should log 'd'
挑戰2
問題:
建立一個附有next方法的迭代器。當.next被呼叫時,此迭代器會逐個返回陣列內的元素。
題解:
// CHALLENGE 2
function nextIterator(arr) {
// YOUR CODE HERE
let i = 0
const inner = {
next: () => {
const element = arr[i]
i++
return element
}
}
return inner
}
// Uncomment the lines below to test your work
const array3 = [1, 2, 3];
const iteratorWithNext = nextIterator(array3);
console.log(iteratorWithNext.next()); // -> should log 1
console.log(iteratorWithNext.next()); // -> should log 2
console.log(iteratorWithNext.next()); // -> should log 3
挑戰3
問題:
編寫程式碼,使用上方的nextIterator函式遍歷一整個陣列,然後求和。
題解:
// CHALLENGE 3
function sumArray(arr) {
// YOUR CODE HERE
// use your nextIterator function
const iteratorWithNext = nextIterator(arr)
let sum = 0
let item
while(item = iteratorWithNext.next()) {
sum += item
}
return sum
}
// Uncomment the lines below to test your work
const array4 = [1, 2, 3, 4];
console.log(sumArray(array4)); // -> should log 10
挑戰4
問題:
建立一個附有next方法的迭代器。當呼叫.next時,它會返回傳入的set集合的每一個元素。
題解:
// CHALLENGE 4
function setIterator(set) {
// YOUR CODE HERE
// Solution One:
// let i = 0
// const arr = [...set]
// return {
// next: () => arr[i++]
// }
// Solution Two:
const newSet = set[Symbol.iterator]()
return {next: () => newSet.next().value}
}
// Uncomment the lines below to test your work
const mySet = new Set('hey');
const iterateSet = setIterator(mySet);
console.log(iterateSet.next()); // -> should log 'h'
console.log(iterateSet.next()); // -> should log 'e'
console.log(iterateSet.next()); // -> should log 'y'
挑戰5
問題:
建立一個附有next方法的迭代器。當呼叫.next時,它會返回帶有兩個元素的陣列(第一個為下標,第二個為下標對應的陣列元素)。
題解:
// CHALLENGE 5
function indexIterator(arr) {
// YOUR CODE HERE
let i = 0
return {
next: () => {
const element = arr[i]
const index = i
i++
return [index, element]
}
}
}
// Uncomment the lines below to test your work
const array5 = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'];
const iteratorWithIndex = indexIterator(array5);
console.log(iteratorWithIndex.next()); // -> should log [0, 'a']
console.log(iteratorWithIndex.next()); // -> should log [1, 'b']
console.log(iteratorWithIndex.next()); // -> should log [2, 'c']
挑戰6
問題:
建立一個迭代器。在它的.next方法被呼叫時,它會返回一個句子型字串中的每一個單詞。
(提示:使用正規表示式!)
然後將此操作當成一個方法掛載到構建函式Words的原型鏈上。
(提示:研究Symbol.iterator!)
題解:
// CHALLENGE 6
function Words(string) {
this.str = string;
}
Words.prototype[Symbol.iterator] = function() {
// YOUR CODE HERE
const reg = /\w+/g
const strArr = this.str.match(reg)
let index = 0
return {
next: () =>
(index < strArr.length) ?
{ done: false, value: strArr[index++] } :
{ done: true, value: undefined }
}
}
// Uncomment the lines below to test your work
const helloWorld = new Words('Hello World');
for (let word of helloWorld) { console.log(word); } // -> should log 'Hello' and 'World'
挑戰7
問題:
建立一個函式。此函式會遍歷傳入的陣列,返回對應的遍歷元素和字串“was found after index x”拼接而成的字串結果,其中的x是前一個下標。
注意:對於第一個元素,它應該返回“It is the first”。
題解:
// CHALLENGE 7
function valueAndPrevIndex(array){
const iteratedArray = array[Symbol.iterator]()
let index = 0
return {
sentence: () => {
if (index == 0) {
iteratedArray.next()
index++
return `It is the first`
} else {
const result = `${iteratedArray.next().value} was found after index ${index - 1}`
index++
return result
}
}
}
}
const returnedSentence = valueAndPrevIndex([4,5,6])
console.log(returnedSentence.sentence());
console.log(returnedSentence.sentence());
console.log(returnedSentence.sentence());
挑戰8
問題:
編寫一個函式。它會每三秒鐘console.log列印“hello there”或“gibberish”,取決於傳入函式的值是否為“english”。
請勿使用任何形式的迴圈且請僅呼叫createConversation一次。
題解:
//CHALLENGE 8
function* createConversation(string) {
let output = ''
if (string === 'english') {
output = 'hello there'
} else {
output = 'gibberish'
}
yield setInterval(() => {console.log(output)}, 3000)
}
createConversation('english').next();
挑戰9
問題:
使用async/await來console.log列印一個由名詞noun和動詞verb構成的句子,其中非非同步函式會接收一個名詞noun,與一個硬編碼的動詞verb拼接,在三秒後返回給非同步函式。非同步函式接收到資料後,會console.log列印相應資料。非同步函式僅能呼叫一次,傳入一個名詞noun見證它的執行吧!
題解:
//CHALLENGE 9
function waitForVerb(noun) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
const verb = 'barks'
setTimeout(() => resolve(`${noun} ${verb}`), 3000)
})
}
async function f(noun) {
const sentence = await waitForVerb(noun)
console.log(sentence)
}
f("dog")