11g資料庫安裝我們一般在linux圖形化介面，有時候在現場就沒有這個環境（就是不帶圖形化介面的系統）怎麼弄，幹唄。到此為止，目前遇到的問題是，沒有圖形化怎麼保證庫裝的沒有問題（以後使用中）那麼下面開始我們怎麼操作吧。

一、安裝資料庫軟體

1、找到對應資料庫版本（作業系統和資料庫版本對應很重要，主要涉及到安裝庫所需要的包及引數設定）

本次測試系統：CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)

資料庫版本：Oracle 11.2.0.4 for x64

2、配置系統引數

建立使用者和組組：oinstall dba 使用者：oracle

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

passwd oracle 並設定密碼

3、建立目錄、賦予許可權

mkdir –p /u01/app/oracle /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 /oradata /archivelog /flash_recovery

chmod 775 /u01 /oradata /archivelog /flash_recovery -R

chown oracle:oinstall /u01 /oradata /archivelog /flash_recovery -R

4、安裝依賴包

[root@db1 ~]# yum install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc.i686 glibc-devel ksh libgcc.i686 libstdc++-devel libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libXext libXext.i686 libXtst libXtst.i686 libX11 libX11.i686 libXau libXau.i686 libxcb libxcb.i686 libXi libXi.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel zlib-devel zlib-devel.i686 compat-libcap1 ksh -y

5、修改系統配置引數

核心引數

cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.shmall = 1073741824

kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104

kernel.panic_on_oops = 1

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

EOF

# echo 使上面編輯的引數生效

# /sbin/sysctl –p

# echo編輯系統引數檔案/etc/security/limits.conf，新增下面的內容：(使用者許可權)

cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

EOF

使用者登入限制：

cat >> /etc/pam.d/login <<EOF

session required pam_limits.so

EOF

6、修改系統環境變數

編輯oracle使用者環境變數：

# vi .bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0.1/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$ORACLE_BASE/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin

# echo 使修改的 .bash_profile 立刻生效

# source .bash_profile

編輯/etc/profile使用者模板最後新增如下

[root@db01 /]# vi /etc/profile

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

[root@db01 /]# source /etc/profile 使生效

7、編輯應答檔案（靜默安裝）安裝包中db_install.rsp檔案

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=db1

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

#The value for this variable should be true if you don't want to configure

# Security Updates, false otherwise.

9、執行軟體安裝

[oracle@db1 database]$ ./runInstaller -force -silent -noconfig -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPreReqs -responseFile /stage/database/response/db_install.rsp

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 77886 MB Passed

Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 16383 MB Passed

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2022-01-19_10-45-34AM. Please wait ...[oracle@db1 database]$ [WARNING] [INS-32055] The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.

CAUSE: The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.

ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory.

You can find the log of this install session at:

/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2022-01-19_10-45-34AM.log

The installation of Oracle Database 11g was successful.

Please check '/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2022-01-19_10-45-34AM.log' for more details.

As a root user, execute the following script(s):

1. /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

2. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

Successfully Setup Software.

10、root下執行指令碼（記得具體位置哦）

二、建庫（手工建庫）

1、編輯預設init.ora檔案(啟動例項具體名稱initORACLE_SID.ora)

##############################################################################

# Example INIT.ORA file

#

# This file is provided by Oracle Corporation to help you start by providing

# a starting point to customize your RDBMS installation for your site.

#

# NOTE: The values that are used in this file are only intended to be used

# as a starting point. You may want to adjust/tune those values to your

# specific hardware and needs. You may also consider using Database

# Configuration Assistant tool (DBCA) to create INIT file and to size your

# initial set of tablespaces based on the user input.

###############################################################################

# Change '/u01/app/oracle' to point to the oracle base (the one you specify at

# install time)

db_name='orcl'

memory_target=1G

processes = 150

audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'

audit_trail ='db'

db_block_size=8192

db_domain=''

db_recovery_file_dest='/flash_recovery_area'

db_recovery_file_dest_size=10G

diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'

dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'

open_cursors=300

remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

# You may want to ensure that control files are created on separate physical

# devices

control_files = (/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl,/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl)

compatible ='11.2.0'

建立目錄： [oracle@db1 dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump /oradata/orcl

[oracle@db1 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Jan 19 11:38:01 2022

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes

Fixed Size 2260088 bytes

Variable Size 671089544 bytes

Database Buffers 390070272 bytes

Redo Buffers 5517312 bytes

2、編輯建庫指令碼、建立庫

[oracle@db1 ~]$ cat 1.sql

CREATE DATABASE orcl

USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle

USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle

LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/oradata/orcl/redo01a.log','/oradata/orcl/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 2 ('/oradata/orcl/redo02a.log','/oradata/orcl/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 3 ('/oradata/orcl/redo03a.log','/oradata/orcl/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512

MAXLOGFILES 32

MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

MAXLOGHISTORY 1

MAXDATAFILES 100

CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8

NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL

DATAFILE '/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE

SYSAUX DATAFILE '/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE

DEFAULT TABLESPACE users

DATAFILE '/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'

SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1

TEMPFILE '/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 20M REUSE

UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1

DATAFILE '/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf'

SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

[oracle@db1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Jan 19 13:30:48 2022

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> @1.sql

執行指令碼： @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql

@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql

In SQL*Plus, connect to your Oracle Database instance as SYSTEM user:

@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

三、配置listener.ora tnsnames.ora sqlnet.ora

[oracle@db1 admin]$ cat listener.ora

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.0.2.100)(PORT = 1521))

)

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(ORACLE_DBNAME = orcl)

(SID_NAME = orcl)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)

)

[oracle@db1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

orcl =

(description =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.0.2.100)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER=DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME=orcl)

)

[oracle@db1 admin]$ cat sqlnet.ora

NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH=(TNSNAMES,EZCONNECT)

建立密碼檔案：[oracle@db1 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapworcl password=oracle entries=10

（備註：密碼檔名稱 orapwORACLE_SID,注意不要寫錯了）

測試連線：

[oracle@db1 dbs]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@orcl as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Jan 19 13:35:35 2022

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database;

NAME OPEN_MODE

--------- --------------------

ORCL READ WRITE

四、刪庫

[oracle@db1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Jan 19 13:38:43 2022

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount exclusive;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes

Fixed Size 2260088 bytes

Variable Size 671089544 bytes

Database Buffers 390070272 bytes

Redo Buffers 5517312 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> alter system enable restricted session;

System altered.

SQL> drop database ;

Database dropped.

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

檢查：進入資料庫資料檔案儲存位置/oradata/orcl發現下面檔案全部刪除

五、解除安裝軟體

listener監聽關閉 [oracle@db1 orcl]$ lsnrctl stop

執行解除安裝軟體指令碼：

[oracle@db1 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/deinstall/

[oracle@db1 deinstall]$ ./deinstall

Checking for required files and bootstrapping ...

Please wait ...

####################### CLEAN OPERATION SUMMARY #######################

Successfully de-configured the following database instances : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

Following Single Instance listener(s) were de-configured successfully: LISTENER

Cleaning the config for CCR

As CCR is not configured, so skipping the cleaning of CCR configuration

CCR clean is finished

Successfully detached Oracle home '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1' from the central inventory on the local node.

Successfully deleted directory '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1' on the local node.

Successfully deleted directory '/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory' on the local node.

Oracle Universal Installer cleanup was successful.

Run 'rm -rf /etc/oraInst.loc' as root on node(s) 'db1' at the end of the session.

Run 'rm -rf /opt/ORCLfmap' as root on node(s) 'db1' at the end of the session.

Run 'rm -rf /etc/oratab' as root on node(s) 'db1' at the end of the session.

Oracle deinstall tool successfully cleaned up temporary directories.

#######################################################################

############# ORACLE DEINSTALL & DECONFIG TOOL END #############

（刪除上面提到的檔案 /etc/oraInst.loc /opt/ORCLfmap rm -rf /etc/oratab）

小結：透過資料庫的靜默安裝，解除安裝過程，可以看出建庫過程不難，難就難在這個庫是否符合業務應用的需要，如字符集、

庫記憶體大小（memory_target sga_target pga等），同時安裝庫前系統缺少的包也需要裝上哦，防止異常報錯，否則前面

的工作白做了。

Yicheng16
22.01.19

-- The End --

【11g 單庫解除安裝、靜默安裝】實驗

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