論文寫作常用詞彙

下面列了一些寫essay經常用到的一些詞彙及表達方式： 引用資料（圖表、表格）：

常用的動詞：

show, present, illustrate, summarize, demonstrate, contain, provide, list, report, give, reveal, display, indicate, suggest, describe, …
as從句： As shown in …/ As can be seen in …/ As revealed by …

引用/簡述他人的研究/觀點：

XXX + Verb. + n./that … 其中Verb可以為：state, claim, argue, maintain, suggest, assert, hypothesize, conclude, describe, develop, propose, find, show, report, use, study, demonstrate, note, discuss, observe, explain, expand, publish, give, examine, analyze, focus, presume, speculate, assume, support, theorize, contend, recommend

其它：

Based on …/ In the view of …/ According to …

表目的：

To realize this / To this end / To achieve this / In order to achieve this / For this purpose

除此之外：

Besides / Beyond that / In addition to this

表達可能性：

It is certain that …
It is almost certain that …
It is very probable/ highly likely that …
It is probable/likely that …
It is possible that …
It is unlikely that …
It is very/highly unlikely that …

用於表達可能性的另一種途徑：

There is a definite possibility that …
There is a strong possibility that …
There is a good possibility that …
There is a slight possibility that …
There is little possibility that …

表示例外：

With the exception of …
Apart from …
Except for …

表示原因/緣由：

be due to
be attibuted to
be accounted for
be a consequence of
stem from

表示定義/命名：

be named
be called
be denoted by
be known as
be defined as
be referred to

引出設問句（不能直接使用設問句）：

It is uncertain/unclear …
It has not been determined …
It is necessary to consider …
The question remains …
Current studies provide little information on …
We need to know/consider …
There is some question as to …
Another issue raised by this study is …

指出問題所在：

This system/process/idea has its problems.
There remains the issue of reliability.
This model has some serious liminations.
Few solutions have been found to …
Little progress has been made in …
The problem remains as to how …
Researchers still have to find a way to …

引出解決方案：

Solutions to this problem are now widely discussed. One remedy is to …
One method to address this difficulty is to …
There are two possible ways of handling this problem. The first … The second …
Several options are available to address this obstacle. However, the best one seems to be …
A radically different design/model is needed to overcome this limitation.
Recently, researchers have made significant progress in overcoming this difficulty by …

引出中心話題：

Recently, there has been growing interest in …
The possibility of … has generated wide interest in …
The development of … is a classic problem in …
The development of … has led to the hope that …
The … has become a favorite topic for analysis …
Knowledge of … has great importance for …
The study of … has become an important aspect of …
A central issue in … is …
(The) … has been extensively studied in recent years.
Many investigators have recently turned to …
The relationship between … and … has been investigated by many researchers.
Many recent studies have focused on …

表達相似之處：

Similarly, …
Likewise, …
In the same fashion, …
As in X, in Y …
Like X, Y …
The same …
X is similar/comparable to Y
X resemble Y
X correspond to Y

表達不同之處或比較/對照：

In contrast, …
Unlike X, Y …
In contrast to …
On the other hand, …
…; however, …
…, but …
Whereas/While …, …
…, whereas/while …
X differ from Y
X is different from Y
X contrast with

評價他人的研究/論著：

正面：

useful, important, interesting, clarity, accessibility, detailed, up-to-date, insightful, significant, comprehensive, practical, successful, remarkable, impressive, elegant, scholoarly, original, perceptive, rigorous, economical

負面：

inconsistent, restricted, misleading, thin, anecdotal, sloppy

總結：

Overall, …
In general, …
On the whole, …
In the main, …
With … exception(s), …
The overall results indicate …
The results indicate, overall, that …

指出本研究的侷限：

It should be noted that this study has been primarily concerned with …
This analysis has concentrated on …
The findings of this study are restricted to …
This study has addressed only the question of …
The limination of this study are clear: …
We would like to point out that we have not …

指出研究結果的侷限：

However, the findings do not imply …
The results of this study cannot be taken as evidence for …
Unfortunately, we are unable to determine from this data …
The lack of … means that we cannot be certain …

指出本研究的意義：

Notwithstanding its limitations, this study does suggest …
Despite its preliminary character, the research reported here would seem to indicate …
However exploratory, this study may offer some insight into …