一. 介紹
平時工作中可能會碰到排查多執行緒的bug,而在排查的時候,如果執行緒(單個執行緒或者是執行緒池的執行緒)沒有一個比較明確的名稱,那麼在排查的時候就比較頭疼,因為排查問題首先需要找出“問題執行緒”,如果連“問題執行緒”都找不到,就很難找出問題原因,本文就針對多執行緒中涉及到的執行緒池、執行緒組、執行緒名稱,介紹如果對其進行設定名稱,方便排查問題時快速定位。
二. 設定執行緒名稱
2.1 使用Thread+Runnable介面形式
如果是使用實現Runnable介面,然後使用Thread構造器來直接建立執行緒時,有兩種方式設定執行緒名稱:
1.在呼叫Thread的構造器時,傳入第二個引數即可,構造器定義如下
Thread Thread(Runnable target, String threadName)
2.呼叫Thread物件的setName方法,設定執行緒名稱即可;
上面兩種方法的示例程式碼如下:
package cn.ganlixin; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.junit.Test; @Slf4j public class DefineThreadName { /** * 不設定執行緒名稱,使用預設的執行緒名稱 */ @Test public void defaultThreadName() { new Thread(() -> { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); String threadGroupName = Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getName(); long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId(); log.info("threadName:{}, threadGroupName:{}, threadId:{}", threadName, threadGroupName, threadId); }).start(); // 輸出 threadName:Thread-1, threadGroupName:main, threadId:13 } /** * 自定義執行緒的名稱 */ @Test public void customThreadName() { // 方式一:指定Thread構造方法的第二個引數,也就是執行緒的名稱 new Thread(() -> { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); String threadGroupName = Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getName(); long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId(); log.info("threadName:{}, threadGroupName:{}, threadId:{}", threadName, threadGroupName, threadId); }, "my-custom-thread-name-1").start(); // 輸出 threadName:my-custom-thread-name-1, threadGroupName:main, threadId:13 // 方式二:使用Thread物件的setName方法,設定執行緒名稱 Thread thread = new Thread(() -> { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); String threadGroupName = Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getName(); long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId(); log.info("threadName:{}, threadGroupName:{}, threadId:{}", threadName, threadGroupName, threadId); }); thread.setName("my-custom-thread-name-2"); thread.start(); // 輸出 threadName:my-custom-thread-name-2, threadGroupName:main, threadId:14 } }
2.2 繼承Thread類的形式
如果是繼承Thread類,那麼可以在子類中呼叫Thread僅接受一個字串作為執行緒名稱的構造器,像下面這麼做:
package cn.ganlixin; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.junit.Test; @Slf4j public class DefineThreadName { /** * 自定義的繼承自Thread的執行緒類 */ private static class MyThread extends Thread { private MyThread(String threadName) { super(threadName); // Thread有一個構造器接收一個字串型別的引數,作為執行緒名稱 } @Override public void run() { // 因為繼承自Thread,所以下面可以直接呼叫這些方法,而不需要通過Thread.currentThread()獲取當前執行緒 String threadName = getName(); String threadGroupName = getThreadGroup().getName(); long threadId = getId(); log.info("threadName:{}, threadGroupName:{}, threadId:{}", threadName, threadGroupName, threadId); } } /** * 測試設定、更改執行緒名稱 */ @Test public void testInheritThread() { MyThread t1 = new MyThread("my-extends-thread-name-1"); t1.start(); // 輸出 threadName:my-extends-thread-name-1, threadGroupName:main, threadId:13 MyThread t2 = new MyThread("my-extends-thread-name-2"); t2.setName("changed-thread-name"); // 手動修改執行緒名稱 t2.start(); // 輸出 threadName:changed-thread-name, threadGroupName:main, threadId:14 } }
三. 設定執行緒組的名稱
執行緒組名稱需要在建立執行緒組的時候進行指定,然後使用執行緒組的時候將執行緒組作為Thread類的構造器引數傳入即可,示例程式碼如下:
package cn.ganlixin.name; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.junit.Test; @Slf4j public class ThreadGroupName { @Test public void defineThreadGroupName() { // 定義一個執行緒組,傳入執行緒組的名稱(自定義) ThreadGroup threadGroup = new ThreadGroup("my-thread-group-name"); Runnable runnable = () -> { String threadGroupName = Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getName(); String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId(); log.info("threadGroupName:{}, threadName:{}, threadId:{}", threadGroupName, threadName, threadId); }; Thread t1 = new Thread(threadGroup, runnable); t1.start(); // 輸出 threadGroupName:my-thread-group-name, threadName:Thread-1, threadId:13 // 第三個引數是執行緒名稱 Thread t2 = new Thread(threadGroup, runnable, "my-thread-name"); t2.start(); // threadGroupName:my-thread-group-name, threadName:my-thread-name, threadId:14 } }
四. 設定執行緒池名稱
4.1 建立執行緒池的兩種途徑
建立執行緒池,有兩種方式:
1.例項化ThreadPoolExecutor來建立執行緒池,可以指定相關的引數,方法定義如下:
2.使用Executors的靜態方法建立執行緒池,實際是對ThreadPoolExecutor物件的建立過程進行了封裝,可用的方法定義如下:
上面的諸多定義中,提到了一個ThreadFactory,“執行緒工廠”,這是一個介面,定義了建立執行緒的統一規範,實現類需要重寫newThread方法,定義如下:
package java.util.concurrent; public interface ThreadFactory { Thread newThread(Runnable r); }
當我們呼叫Executors或者使用ThreadPoolExecutor來建立執行緒池,如果沒有指定ThreadFactory,那麼就會使用預設的Executors.DefaultThreadFactory:
static class DefaultThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { private static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1); private final ThreadGroup group; private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1); private final String namePrefix; DefaultThreadFactory() { SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager(); group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() : Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(); namePrefix = "pool-" + poolNumber.getAndIncrement() + "-thread-"; } public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { Thread t = new Thread(group, r, namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(), 0); if (t.isDaemon()) t.setDaemon(false); if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY) t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY); return t; } }
如果我們要對執行緒池中的執行緒建立進行擴充套件,那麼實現ThreadFactory介面,加入自己的擴充套件即可,此處對於執行緒池中執行緒的名稱進行設定,也是可以在這裡實現。
4.2 自定義執行緒工廠(ThreadFactory)
自己實現ThreadFactory介面,可以參考Executors.DefaultThreadFactory,做一下細微的修改就行了,下面是我建立的NameableThreadFactory,意為“可命名的執行緒工廠”:
package cn.ganlixin.name; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import java.util.Objects; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; /** * 描述: * 參照Executors.DefaultThreadFactory,自定義ThreadFactory實現類 * * @author ganlixin * @create 2020-05-23 */ public class NameableThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { /** * 對執行緒池的數量進行計數,注意是類屬性 */ private static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1); /** * 執行緒組名稱 */ private ThreadGroup group; /** * 對執行緒池中的執行緒資料進行計數,注意是例項屬性 */ private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1); /** * 執行緒名稱的字首 */ private String namePrefix; /** * Executors.DefaultThreadFactory中預設的方式(設定執行緒組、執行緒名稱字首) */ public NameableThreadFactory() { SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager(); group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() : Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(); namePrefix = "pool-" + poolNumber.getAndIncrement() + "-thread-"; } /** * 建立執行緒工廠,指定執行緒名稱字首 * * @param threadNamePrefix 執行緒名稱字首 */ public NameableThreadFactory(String threadNamePrefix) { if (StringUtils.isBlank(threadNamePrefix)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("執行緒名稱的字首不能為空"); } // 執行緒組,仍舊使用舊規則 SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager(); group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() : Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(); // 指定執行緒的名稱字首,設定為傳入的名稱字首 this.namePrefix = threadNamePrefix + "-"; } /** * 建立執行緒工廠,指定執行緒組、以及執行緒名稱字首 * * @param threadGroup 執行緒組例項 * @param threadNamePrefix 執行緒名稱字首 */ public NameableThreadFactory(ThreadGroup threadGroup, String threadNamePrefix) { if (Objects.isNull(threadGroup)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("執行緒組不能為空"); } if (StringUtils.isBlank(threadNamePrefix)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("執行緒名稱的字首不能為空"); } this.group = threadGroup; this.namePrefix = threadNamePrefix + "-"; } public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { Thread t = new Thread(group, r, namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(), 0); if (t.isDaemon()) { t.setDaemon(false); } if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY) { t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY); } return t; } }
進行測試,因為Executors和ThreadPoolExecutor的本質是一樣的,所以這裡使用Executors進行測試,只需要在用到ThreadFactory的時候,引入自己的建立NameableThreadFactory即可:
package cn.ganlixin.name; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.junit.Test; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; @Slf4j public class TestNameableThreadFactory { @Test public void test() throws InterruptedException { ExecutorService executorService1 = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3, new NameableThreadFactory("自定義執行緒池one")); Runnable runnable = () -> { String threadGroupName = Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getName(); String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId(); log.info("threadGroupName:{}, threadName:{}, threadId:{}", threadGroupName, threadName, threadId); }; for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { executorService1.submit(runnable); } // 輸出 // threadGroupName:main, threadName:自定義執行緒池one-1, threadId:14 // threadGroupName:main, threadName:自定義執行緒池one-2, threadId:15 // threadGroupName:main, threadName:自定義執行緒池one-3, threadId:16 Thread.sleep(100); // 建立執行緒組 ThreadGroup threadGroup = new ThreadGroup("自定義執行緒組one"); ExecutorService executorService2 = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3, new NameableThreadFactory(threadGroup, "自定義執行緒池two")); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { executorService2.submit(runnable); } // 輸出: // threadGroupName:自定義執行緒組one, threadName:自定義執行緒池two-1, threadId:16 // threadGroupName:自定義執行緒組one, threadName:自定義執行緒池two-2, threadId:17 // threadGroupName:自定義執行緒組one, threadName:自定義執行緒池two-3, threadId:18 Thread.sleep(1000); } }