Head
The head command is used to display the beginning of a file or the first few lines of input. It's a useful command for quickly viewing the start of a file without opening the entire file.
head [options] [file]
Display the first 10 lines of a file (default behavior):
head filename.txt
Display a specific number of lines:
head -n 5 filename.txt
This command displays the first 5 lines of filename.txt.
Display the first few bytes of a file:
head -c 20 filename.txt
This command displays the first 20 bytes of filename.txt.
Tail
Since we learned the head command today, let's pair it with the tail command, which is used to display the end of a file or the last few lines of input.
tail [options] [file]
Display the last 10 lines of a file (default behavior):
tail filename.txt
Display a specific number of lines from the end:
tail -n 5 filename.txt
Display the last few bytes of a file:
tail -c 20 filename.txt
Follow the content of a file as it grows (useful for log files):
tail -f filename.txt