Java設計模式（工廠方法設計模式）

Z小t發表於2015-03-06

簡單工廠模式（Simple Factory Pattern）

package headfirst.factory.pizzas;
import java.util.ArrayList;

abstract public class Pizza {
    String name;
    String dough;
    String sauce;
    ArrayList toppings = new ArrayList();

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void prepare() {
        System.out.println("Preparing " + name);
    }

    public void bake() {
        System.out.println("Baking " + name);
    }

    public void cut() {
        System.out.println("Cutting " + name);
    }

    public void box() {
        System.out.println("Boxing " + name);
    }

    public String toString() {
        // code to display pizza name and ingredients
        StringBuffer display = new StringBuffer();
        display.append("---- " + name + " ----\n");
        display.append(dough + "\n");
        display.append(sauce + "\n");
        for (int i = 0; i < toppings.size(); i++) {
            display.append((String )toppings.get(i) + "\n");
        }
        return display.toString();
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzas;

public class CheesePizza extends Pizza {
    public CheesePizza() {
        name = "Cheese Pizza";
        dough = "Regular Crust";
        sauce = "Marinara Pizza Sauce";
        toppings.add("Fresh Mozzarella");
        toppings.add("Parmesan");
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzas;

public class ClamPizza extends Pizza {
    public ClamPizza() {
        name = "Clam Pizza";
        dough = "Thin crust";
        sauce = "White garlic sauce";
        toppings.add("Clams");
        toppings.add("Grated parmesan cheese");
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzas;

public class PepperoniPizza extends Pizza {
    public PepperoniPizza() {
        name = "Pepperoni Pizza";
        dough = "Crust";
        sauce = "Marinara sauce";
        toppings.add("Sliced Pepperoni");
        toppings.add("Sliced Onion");
        toppings.add("Grated parmesan cheese");
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzas;

public class VeggiePizza extends Pizza {
    public VeggiePizza() {
        name = "Veggie Pizza";
        dough = "Crust";
        sauce = "Marinara sauce";
        toppings.add("Shredded mozzarella");
        toppings.add("Grated parmesan");
        toppings.add("Diced onion");
        toppings.add("Sliced mushrooms");
        toppings.add("Sliced red pepper");
        toppings.add("Sliced black olives");
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzas;

public class PizzaStore {
    public Pizza orderPizza(String type) {
        Pizza pizza = null;
            if (type.equals("cheese")) {
                pizza = new CheesePizza();
            } else if (type.equals("pepperoni")) {
                pizza = new PepperoniPizza();
            } else if (type.equals("clam")) {
                pizza = new ClamPizza();
            } else if (type.equals("veggie")) {
                pizza = new VeggiePizza();
            }

        pizza.prepare();
        pizza.bake();
        pizza.cut();
        pizza.box();
        return pizza;
    }
}

客戶端：

package headfirst.factory.pizzas;

public class PizzaTestDrive {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        PizzaStore store = new PizzaStore();

        Pizza pizza = store.orderPizza("cheese");
        System.out.println("We ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");

        pizza = store.orderPizza("veggie");
        System.out.println("We ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");
    }
}/*Output
Preparing Cheese Pizza
Baking Cheese Pizza
Cutting Cheese Pizza
Boxing Cheese Pizza
We ordered a Cheese Pizza

Preparing Veggie Pizza
Baking Veggie Pizza
Cutting Veggie Pizza
Boxing Veggie Pizza
We ordered a Veggie Pizza
*/

package headfirst.factory.pizzas;

public class PizzaStore {
    SimplePizzaFactory factory;
    public PizzaStore(SimplePizzaFactory factory) { 
        this.factory = factory;
    }

    public Pizza orderPizza(String type) {
        Pizza pizza;

        pizza = factory.createPizza(type);

        pizza.prepare();
        pizza.bake();
        pizza.cut();
        pizza.box();
        return pizza;
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzas;

public class SimplePizzaFactory {

    public Pizza createPizza(String type) {
        Pizza pizza = null;

        if (type.equals("cheese")) {
            pizza = new CheesePizza();
        } else if (type.equals("pepperoni")) {
            pizza = new PepperoniPizza();
        } else if (type.equals("clam")) {
            pizza = new ClamPizza();
        } else if (type.equals("veggie")) {
            pizza = new VeggiePizza();
        }
        return pizza;
    }
}

客戶端：

package headfirst.factory.pizzas;

public class PizzaTestDrive {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SimplePizzaFactory factory = new SimplePizzaFactory();
        PizzaStore store = new PizzaStore(factory);

        Pizza pizza = store.orderPizza("cheese");
        System.out.println("We ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");

        pizza = store.orderPizza("veggie");
        System.out.println("We ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");
    }
}/*Output
Preparing Cheese Pizza
Baking Cheese Pizza
Cutting Cheese Pizza
Boxing Cheese Pizza
We ordered a Cheese Pizza

Preparing Veggie Pizza
Baking Veggie Pizza
Cutting Veggie Pizza
Boxing Veggie Pizza
We ordered a Veggie Pizza
*/

工廠方法模式（Factory Method Pattern）

這裡寫圖片描述

package headfirst.factory.pizzafm;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public abstract class Pizza {
    String name;
    String dough;
    String sauce;
    ArrayList toppings = new ArrayList();

    void prepare() {
        System.out.println("Preparing " + name);
        System.out.println("Tossing dough...");
        System.out.println("Adding sauce...");
        System.out.println("Adding toppings: ");
        for (int i = 0; i < toppings.size(); i++) {
            System.out.println("   " + toppings.get(i));
        }
    }

    void bake() {
        System.out.println("Bake for 25 minutes at 350");
    }

    void cut() {
        System.out.println("Cutting the pizza into diagonal slices");
    }

    void box() {
        System.out.println("Place pizza in official PizzaStore box");
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String toString() {
        StringBuffer display = new StringBuffer();
        display.append("---- " + name + " ----\n");
        display.append(dough + "\n");
        display.append(sauce + "\n");
        for (int i = 0; i < toppings.size(); i++) {
            display.append((String )toppings.get(i) + "\n");
        }
        return display.toString();
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzafm;

public class ChicagoStyleCheesePizza extends Pizza {

    public ChicagoStyleCheesePizza() { 
        name = "Chicago Style Deep Dish Cheese Pizza";
        dough = "Extra Thick Crust Dough";
        sauce = "Plum Tomato Sauce";

        toppings.add("Shredded Mozzarella Cheese");
    }

    void cut() {
        System.out.println("Cutting the pizza into square slices");
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzafm;

public class ChicagoStyleClamPizza extends Pizza {
    public ChicagoStyleClamPizza() {
        name = "Chicago Style Clam Pizza";
        dough = "Extra Thick Crust Dough";
        sauce = "Plum Tomato Sauce";

        toppings.add("Shredded Mozzarella Cheese");
        toppings.add("Frozen Clams from Chesapeake Bay");
    }

    void cut() {
        System.out.println("Cutting the pizza into square slices");
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzafm;

public class ChicagoStylePepperoniPizza extends Pizza {
    public ChicagoStylePepperoniPizza() {
        name = "Chicago Style Pepperoni Pizza";
        dough = "Extra Thick Crust Dough";
        sauce = "Plum Tomato Sauce";

        toppings.add("Shredded Mozzarella Cheese");
        toppings.add("Black Olives");
        toppings.add("Spinach");
        toppings.add("Eggplant");
        toppings.add("Sliced Pepperoni");
    }

    void cut() {
        System.out.println("Cutting the pizza into square slices");
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzafm;

public class ChicagoStyleVeggiePizza extends Pizza {
    public ChicagoStyleVeggiePizza() {
        name = "Chicago Deep Dish Veggie Pizza";
        dough = "Extra Thick Crust Dough";
        sauce = "Plum Tomato Sauce";

        toppings.add("Shredded Mozzarella Cheese");
        toppings.add("Black Olives");
        toppings.add("Spinach");
        toppings.add("Eggplant");
    }

    void cut() {
        System.out.println("Cutting the pizza into square slices");
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzafm;

public class NYStyleCheesePizza extends Pizza {

    public NYStyleCheesePizza() { 
        name = "NY Style Sauce and Cheese Pizza";
        dough = "Thin Crust Dough";
        sauce = "Marinara Sauce";

        toppings.add("Grated Reggiano Cheese");
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzafm;

public class NYStyleClamPizza extends Pizza {

    public NYStyleClamPizza() {
        name = "NY Style Clam Pizza";
        dough = "Thin Crust Dough";
        sauce = "Marinara Sauce";

        toppings.add("Grated Reggiano Cheese");
        toppings.add("Fresh Clams from Long Island Sound");
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzafm;

public class NYStylePepperoniPizza extends Pizza {

    public NYStylePepperoniPizza() {
        name = "NY Style Pepperoni Pizza";
        dough = "Thin Crust Dough";
        sauce = "Marinara Sauce";

        toppings.add("Grated Reggiano Cheese");
        toppings.add("Sliced Pepperoni");
        toppings.add("Garlic");
        toppings.add("Onion");
        toppings.add("Mushrooms");
        toppings.add("Red Pepper");
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzafm;

public class NYStyleVeggiePizza extends Pizza {

    public NYStyleVeggiePizza() {
        name = "NY Style Veggie Pizza";
        dough = "Thin Crust Dough";
        sauce = "Marinara Sauce";

        toppings.add("Grated Reggiano Cheese");
        toppings.add("Garlic");
        toppings.add("Onion");
        toppings.add("Mushrooms");
        toppings.add("Red Pepper");
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzafm;

public class DependentPizzaStore {

    public Pizza createPizza(String style, String type) {
        Pizza pizza = null;
        if (style.equals("NY")) {
            if (type.equals("cheese")) {
                pizza = new NYStyleCheesePizza();
            } else if (type.equals("veggie")) {
                pizza = new NYStyleVeggiePizza();
            } else if (type.equals("clam")) {
                pizza = new NYStyleClamPizza();
            } else if (type.equals("pepperoni")) {
                pizza = new NYStylePepperoniPizza();
            }
        } else if (style.equals("Chicago")) {
            if (type.equals("cheese")) {
                pizza = new ChicagoStyleCheesePizza();
            } else if (type.equals("veggie")) {
                pizza = new ChicagoStyleVeggiePizza();
            } else if (type.equals("clam")) {
                pizza = new ChicagoStyleClamPizza();
            } else if (type.equals("pepperoni")) {
                pizza = new ChicagoStylePepperoniPizza();
            }
        } else {
            System.out.println("Error: invalid type of pizza");
            return null;
        }
        pizza.prepare();
        pizza.bake();
        pizza.cut();
        pizza.box();
        return pizza;
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzafm;

public abstract class PizzaStore {

    abstract Pizza createPizza(String item);

    public Pizza orderPizza(String type) {
        Pizza pizza = createPizza(type);
        System.out.println("--- Making a " + pizza.getName() + " ---");
        pizza.prepare();
        pizza.bake();
        pizza.cut();
        pizza.box();
        return pizza;
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzafm;

public class ChicagoPizzaStore extends PizzaStore {

    Pizza createPizza(String item) {
            if (item.equals("cheese")) {
                    return new ChicagoStyleCheesePizza();
            } else if (item.equals("veggie")) {
                    return new ChicagoStyleVeggiePizza();
            } else if (item.equals("clam")) {
                    return new ChicagoStyleClamPizza();
            } else if (item.equals("pepperoni")) {
                    return new ChicagoStylePepperoniPizza();
            } else return null;
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzafm;

public class NYPizzaStore extends PizzaStore {

    Pizza createPizza(String item) {
        if (item.equals("cheese")) {
            return new NYStyleCheesePizza();
        } else if (item.equals("veggie")) {
            return new NYStyleVeggiePizza();
        } else if (item.equals("clam")) {
            return new NYStyleClamPizza();
        } else if (item.equals("pepperoni")) {
            return new NYStylePepperoniPizza();
        } else return null;
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzafm;

public class PizzaTestDrive {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        PizzaStore nyStore = new NYPizzaStore();
        PizzaStore chicagoStore = new ChicagoPizzaStore();

        Pizza pizza = nyStore.orderPizza("cheese");
        System.out.println("Ethan ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");

        pizza = chicagoStore.orderPizza("cheese");
        System.out.println("Joel ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");

        pizza = nyStore.orderPizza("clam");
        System.out.println("Ethan ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");

        pizza = chicagoStore.orderPizza("clam");
        System.out.println("Joel ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");

        pizza = nyStore.orderPizza("pepperoni");
        System.out.println("Ethan ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");

        pizza = chicagoStore.orderPizza("pepperoni");
        System.out.println("Joel ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");

        pizza = nyStore.orderPizza("veggie");
        System.out.println("Ethan ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");

        pizza = chicagoStore.orderPizza("veggie");
        System.out.println("Joel ordered a " + pizza.getName() + "\n");
    }
}/*Output
--- Making a NY Style Sauce and Cheese Pizza ---
Preparing NY Style Sauce and Cheese Pizza
Tossing dough...
Adding sauce...
Adding toppings: 
   Grated Reggiano Cheese
Bake for 25 minutes at 350
Cutting the pizza into diagonal slices
Place pizza in official PizzaStore box
Ethan ordered a NY Style Sauce and Cheese Pizza

--- Making a Chicago Style Deep Dish Cheese Pizza ---
Preparing Chicago Style Deep Dish Cheese Pizza
Tossing dough...
Adding sauce...
Adding toppings: 
   Shredded Mozzarella Cheese
Bake for 25 minutes at 350
Cutting the pizza into square slices
Place pizza in official PizzaStore box
Joel ordered a Chicago Style Deep Dish Cheese Pizza

--- Making a NY Style Clam Pizza ---
Preparing NY Style Clam Pizza
Tossing dough...
Adding sauce...
Adding toppings: 
   Grated Reggiano Cheese
   Fresh Clams from Long Island Sound
Bake for 25 minutes at 350
Cutting the pizza into diagonal slices
Place pizza in official PizzaStore box
Ethan ordered a NY Style Clam Pizza

--- Making a Chicago Style Clam Pizza ---
Preparing Chicago Style Clam Pizza
Tossing dough...
Adding sauce...
Adding toppings: 
   Shredded Mozzarella Cheese
   Frozen Clams from Chesapeake Bay
Bake for 25 minutes at 350
Cutting the pizza into square slices
Place pizza in official PizzaStore box
Joel ordered a Chicago Style Clam Pizza

--- Making a NY Style Pepperoni Pizza ---
Preparing NY Style Pepperoni Pizza
Tossing dough...
Adding sauce...
Adding toppings: 
   Grated Reggiano Cheese
   Sliced Pepperoni
   Garlic
   Onion
   Mushrooms
   Red Pepper
Bake for 25 minutes at 350
Cutting the pizza into diagonal slices
Place pizza in official PizzaStore box
Ethan ordered a NY Style Pepperoni Pizza

--- Making a Chicago Style Pepperoni Pizza ---
Preparing Chicago Style Pepperoni Pizza
Tossing dough...
Adding sauce...
Adding toppings: 
   Shredded Mozzarella Cheese
   Black Olives
   Spinach
   Eggplant
   Sliced Pepperoni
Bake for 25 minutes at 350
Cutting the pizza into square slices
Place pizza in official PizzaStore box
Joel ordered a Chicago Style Pepperoni Pizza

--- Making a NY Style Veggie Pizza ---
Preparing NY Style Veggie Pizza
Tossing dough...
Adding sauce...
Adding toppings: 
   Grated Reggiano Cheese
   Garlic
   Onion
   Mushrooms
   Red Pepper
Bake for 25 minutes at 350
Cutting the pizza into diagonal slices
Place pizza in official PizzaStore box
Ethan ordered a NY Style Veggie Pizza

--- Making a Chicago Deep Dish Veggie Pizza ---
Preparing Chicago Deep Dish Veggie Pizza
Tossing dough...
Adding sauce...
Adding toppings: 
   Shredded Mozzarella Cheese
   Black Olives
   Spinach
   Eggplant
Bake for 25 minutes at 350
Cutting the pizza into square slices
Place pizza in official PizzaStore box
Joel ordered a Chicago Deep Dish Veggie Pizza
*/

抽象工廠模式（The Abstract Factory Pattern）

這裡寫圖片描述

舉一個簡單的例子來解釋抽象工廠模式，這個例子應該是所有抽象工廠模式的基本模型：

package AbstractFactory;
public interface AbstractProductA {
}

package AbstractFactory;
public interface AbstractProductB {
}

package AbstractFactory;
public class ProductA1 implements AbstractProductA {
    ProductA1(){
        System.out.println("Create ProductA1");
    }
}
package AbstractFactory;
public class ProductA2 implements AbstractProductA {
    ProductA2(){
        System.out.println("Create ProductA2");
    }
}

package AbstractFactory;
public class ProductB1 implements AbstractProductB {
    ProductB1(){
        System.out.println("Create ProductB1");
    }
}

package AbstractFactory;
public class ProductB2 implements AbstractProductB {
    ProductB2(){
        System.out.println("Create ProductB2");
    }
}

package AbstractFactory;
public interface AbstractFactory {
    public AbstractProductA createProductA();
    public AbstractProductB createProductB();
}

package AbstractFactory;
public class ConcreteFactory1 implements AbstractFactory {

    public AbstractProductA createProductA() {
        return new ProductA1();
    }

    public AbstractProductB createProductB() {
        return new ProductB1();
    }

}

package AbstractFactory;
public class ConcreteFactory2 implements AbstractFactory {

    public AbstractProductA createProductA() {
        return new ProductA2();
    }

    public AbstractProductB createProductB() {
        return new ProductB2();
    }

}

package AbstractFactory;
public class Operation {
    private AbstractFactory ifactory;
    public Operation(AbstractFactory ifactory){
        this.ifactory = ifactory;
    }

    public void Create(AbstractFactory ifactory){
        ifactory.createProductA();
        ifactory.createProductB();
    }
}

package AbstractFactory;
public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args){

        AbstractFactory ifactory = new ConcreteFactory1();
        Operation op = new Operation(ifactory);
        op.Create(ifactory);
        ifactory = new ConcreteFactory2();
        op = new Operation(ifactory);
        op.Create(ifactory);

    }
}/*OutPut
Create ProductA1
Create ProductB1
Create ProductA2
Create ProductB2
*/

這裡寫圖片描述
我們從示意圖中可以看出，此時抽象工廠的一個產品族不只有一個產品等級，現在有多個產品等級；不像工廠方法只有一個產品族中只有一個產品等級。

我們再來看HeadFirst上面的關於Pizza的例子：

負責的產品關係就不貼程式碼了，直接上UML圖：
這裡寫圖片描述

再來Pizza抽象工廠示意圖：
這裡寫圖片描述

package headfirst.factory.pizzaaf;

public interface PizzaIngredientFactory {

    public Dough createDough();
    public Sauce createSauce();
    public Cheese createCheese();
    public Veggies[] createVeggies();
    public Pepperoni createPepperoni();
    public Clams createClam();

}

package headfirst.factory.pizzaaf;

public class ChicagoPizzaIngredientFactory 
    implements PizzaIngredientFactory 
{

    public Dough createDough() {
        return new ThickCrustDough();
    }

    public Sauce createSauce() {
        return new PlumTomatoSauce();
    }

    public Cheese createCheese() {
        return new MozzarellaCheese();
    }

    public Veggies[] createVeggies() {
        Veggies veggies[] = { new BlackOlives(), 
                              new Spinach(), 
                              new Eggplant() };
        return veggies;
    }

    public Pepperoni createPepperoni() {
        return new SlicedPepperoni();
    }

    public Clams createClam() {
        return new FrozenClams();
    }
}

package headfirst.factory.pizzaaf;

public class NYPizzaIngredientFactory implements PizzaIngredientFactory {

    public Dough createDough() {
        return new ThinCrustDough();
    }

    public Sauce createSauce() {
        return new MarinaraSauce();
    }

    public Cheese createCheese() {
        return new ReggianoCheese();
    }

    public Veggies[] createVeggies() {
        Veggies veggies[] = { new Garlic(), new Onion(), new Mushroom(), new RedPepper() };
        return veggies;
    }

    public Pepperoni createPepperoni() {
        return new SlicedPepperoni();
    }

    public Clams createClam() {
        return new FreshClams();
    }
}

這裡寫程式碼片

這裡寫程式碼片

package headfirst.factory.pizzaaf;

public class PizzaTestDrive {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        PizzaStore nyStore = new NYPizzaStore();
        PizzaStore chicagoStore = new ChicagoPizzaStore();

        Pizza pizza = nyStore.orderPizza("cheese");
        System.out.println("Ethan ordered a " + pizza + "\n");

        pizza = chicagoStore.orderPizza("cheese");
        System.out.println("Joel ordered a " + pizza + "\n");

        pizza = nyStore.orderPizza("clam");
        System.out.println("Ethan ordered a " + pizza + "\n");

        pizza = chicagoStore.orderPizza("clam");
        System.out.println("Joel ordered a " + pizza + "\n");

        pizza = nyStore.orderPizza("pepperoni");
        System.out.println("Ethan ordered a " + pizza + "\n");

        pizza = chicagoStore.orderPizza("pepperoni");
        System.out.println("Joel ordered a " + pizza + "\n");

        pizza = nyStore.orderPizza("veggie");
        System.out.println("Ethan ordered a " + pizza + "\n");

        pizza = chicagoStore.orderPizza("veggie");
        System.out.println("Joel ordered a " + pizza + "\n");
    }
}

參考文獻

1、Head first Desgin Pattern
2、http://www.cnblogs.com/java-my-life/archive/2012/03/25/2416227.html
3、http://www.cnblogs.com/java-my-life/archive/2012/03/28/2418836.html
4、http://www.cnblogs.com/java-my-life/archive/2012/03/22/2412308.html
5、大話設計模式

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抽象工廠模式（The Abstract Factory Pattern）

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