python 3 操作 excel

看到一篇很好的python讀寫excel方式的對比文章： 用Python讀寫Excel檔案

關於其他版本的excel，可以通過他提供的連結教程進行學習。

XlsxWriter：

https://github.com/jmcnamara/XlsxWriter

http://xlsxwriter.readthedocs.org

openpyxl： http://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/default/

Microsoft excel API：https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fp179694.aspx

簡介

xlrd用來讀取excel檔案，xlwt用來寫excel檔案，它們合作來對excel進行操作。

官方文件：http://www.python-excel.org/

xlrd官方介紹：https://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlrd/1.0.0

xlwt官方介紹：https://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlwt/1.1.2

xlutils官方介紹：https://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlutils

http://xlutils.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

1. 關於xlrd:

Library for developers to extract data from Microsoft Excel (tm) spreadsheet files

Extract data from Excel spreadsheets (.xls and .xlsx, versions 2.0 onwards) on any platform. Pure Python (2.6, 2.7, 3.2+). Strong support for Excel dates. Unicode-aware.

翻譯過來總結就是：

xlrd 可以在任意平臺上讀取的excel為： .xls以及 .xlsx 。

xlrd支援和的python版本是： 2.6，2.7 ， 3.2+。

2. 關於xlwt：

Library to create spreadsheet files compatible with MS Excel 97/2000/XP/2003 XLS files, on any platform, with Python 2.6, 2.6, 3.3+
This is a library for developers to use to generate spreadsheet files compatible with Microsoft Excel versions 95 to 2003.

翻譯過來總結就是：

xlwt支援的excel版本是： Microsoft excel版本 95---2003，也就是 xls檔案。

xlwt支援的python版本是：2.6 , 3.3+.

3. 關於xlutils：

This package provides a collection of utilities for working with Excel files. Since these utilities may require either or both of the xlrd and xlwt packages, they are collected together here, separate from either package.

Currently available are:

xlutils.copy
Tools for copying xlrd.Book objects to xlwt.Workbook objects.
xlutils.display
Utility functions for displaying information about xlrd-related objects in a user-friendly and safe fashion.
xlutils.filter
A mini framework for splitting and filtering Excel files into new Excel files.
xlutils.margins
Tools for finding how much of an Excel file contains useful data.
xlutils.save
Tools for serializing xlrd.Book objects back to Excel files.
xlutils.styles
Tools for working with formatting information expressed in styles.

翻譯過來總結就是：

如果需要在 xlrd以及 xlwt之間進行互動的話，比如拷貝 xlrd 到 xlwt 需要用到xlutils。

目前提供了 copy、display、filter、margins、Save、styles幾個函式。

 

安裝 xlrd 和 xlwt

pip install xlrd
pip install xlwt
pip install xlutils
pip list

xlrd (1.0.0) 
xlutils (2.0.0) 
xlwt (1.1.2)

使用

1. 新建一個excel檔案（xlwt）

#coding='utf-8'

import xlwt
from datetime import  datetime

def set_style(font_name,font_height,bold=False):
    style=xlwt.XFStyle()
    
    font=xlwt.Font()
    font.name=font_name         # 'Times New Roman'
    font.height=font_height
    font.bold=bold
    font.colour_index=4
    
    borders=xlwt.Borders()
    borders.left=6
    borders.right=6
    borders.top=6
    borders.bottom=6
    
    style.font=font
    style.borders=borders
    return style

def write_to_excel_xlwt():
    '''Write content to a new excel'''
    new_workbook=xlwt.Workbook()
    new_sheet=new_workbook.add_sheet("SheetName_test")
    new_sheet.write(0,0,"hello") 
    #write cell with style
    new_sheet.write(0,1,"world",set_style("Times New Roman", 220, True))  
    
    style0 = xlwt.easyxf('font: name Times New Roman, color-index red, bold on',num_format_str='#,##0.00')
    style1 = xlwt.easyxf(num_format_str='D-MMM-YY')
    new_sheet.write(1, 0, 1234.56, style0)
    new_sheet.write(1, 1, datetime.now(), style1)
    
    #write cell with formula
    new_sheet.write(2,0,5)
    new_sheet.write(2,1,8)
    new_sheet.write(3,0, xlwt.Formula("A3+B3"))

    new_workbook.save(r"NewCreateWorkbook.xls")         #if change to xlsx,then open failed
    
if __name__=="__main__":
    write_to_excel_xlwt()

程式碼執行之後，在當前路徑下生成excel檔案 “NewCreateWorkbook.xls”。內容如下 ：

2. 讀取excel檔案(xlrd)

#coding='utf-8'

import xlrd
    
def read_excel_xlrd():
    '''Read Excel with xlrd'''
    #file
    TC_workbook=xlrd.open_workbook(r"NewCreateWorkbook.xls")

    #sheet
    all_sheets_list=TC_workbook.sheet_names()
    print("All sheets name in File:",all_sheets_list)
    
    first_sheet=TC_workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
    print("First sheet Name:",first_sheet.name)
    print("First sheet Rows:",first_sheet.nrows)
    print("First sheet Cols:",first_sheet.ncols)
    
    second_sheet=TC_workbook.sheet_by_name("SheetName_test")
    print("Second sheet Rows:",second_sheet.nrows)
    print("Second sheet Cols:",second_sheet.ncols)
    
    first_row=first_sheet.row_values(0)
    print("First row:",first_row)
    first_col=first_sheet.col_values(0)
    print("First Column:",first_col)
    
    # cell
    cell_value=first_sheet.cell(1,0).value
    print("The 1th method to get Cell value of row 2 & col 1:",cell_value)
    cell_value2=first_sheet.row(1)[0].value
    print("The 2th method to get Cell value of row 2 & col 1:",cell_value2)
    cell_value3=first_sheet.col(0)[1].value
    print("The 3th method to get Cell value of row 2 & col 1:",cell_value3)
    
if __name__=="__main__":
    read_excel_xlrd()

執行之後，控制檯輸出如下 ：

All sheets name in File: ['SheetName_test']
First sheet Name: SheetName_test
First sheet Rows: 4
First sheet Cols: 2
Second sheet Rows: 4
Second sheet Cols: 2
First row: ['hello', 'world']
First Column: ['hello', 1234.56, 5.0, '']
The 1th method to get Cell value of row 2 & col 1: 1234.56
The 2th method to get Cell value of row 2 & col 1: 1234.56
The 3th method to get Cell value of row 2 & col 1: 1234.56

3. 向已經存在的excel寫入(xlrd&xlwt&xlutils)

#coding='utf-8'

import xlrd
import xlwt
from xlutils.copy import copy
    
def write_to_existed_file():
    '''Write content to existed excel file with xlrd&xlutils&xlwt'''
    rb = xlrd.open_workbook(r"NewCreateWorkbook.xls",formatting_info=True)

    wb = copy(rb)
    ws = wb.get_sheet(0)
    
    font=xlwt.Font()
    font.name="Times New Roman"
    font.height=220
    font.bold=False
    
    borders = xlwt.Borders()
    borders.left = xlwt.Borders.THIN
    borders.right = xlwt.Borders.THIN
    borders.top = xlwt.Borders.THIN
    borders.bottom = xlwt.Borders.THIN
    
    pattern = xlwt.Pattern()
    pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN
    pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 2
    
    cell_style = xlwt.XFStyle()
    cell_style.font = font
    cell_style.borders = borders
    cell_style.pattern = pattern
    
    ws.write(6,7,"hello world",cell_style)
    wb.save(r"NewCreateWorkbook.xls")
    
if __name__=="__main__":
    write_to_existed_file()

執行之後，excel檔案內容如下：