一、ribbon簡介
Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.
—–摘自官網
ribbon是一個負載均衡客戶端,可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行為。Feign預設整合了ribbon。
ribbon 已經預設實現了這些配置bean:
IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl
IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule
IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing
ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList
ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter
ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer
二、準備工作
這一篇文章基於上一篇文章的工程,啟動eureka-server 工程;啟動service-hi工程,它的埠為8762;將service-hi的配置檔案的埠改為8763,並啟動,這時你會發現:service-hi在eureka-server註冊了2個例項,這就相當於一個小的叢集。訪問localhost:8761如圖所示:
三、建一個服務消費者
重新新建一個spring-boot工程,取名為:service-ribbon;
在它的pom.xml檔案分別引入起步依賴spring-cloud-starter-eureka、spring-cloud-starter-ribbon、spring-boot-starter-web,程式碼如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 | <?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ?> <project xmlns= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation= "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > <modelVersion> 4.0 . 0 </modelVersion> <groupId>com.forezp</groupId> <artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId> <version> 0.0 . 1 -SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>service-ribbon</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version> 1.5 . 2 .RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF- 8 </project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF- 8 </project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version> 1.8 </java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>Dalston.RC1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope> import </scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https: //repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled> false </enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> </project> |
在工程的配置檔案指定服務的註冊中心地址為http://localhost:8761/eureka/,程式名稱為 service-ribbon,程式埠為8764。配置檔案application.yml如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | eureka: client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: http: //localhost:8761/eureka/ server: port: 8764 spring: application: name: service-ribbon |
在工程的啟動類中,通過@EnableDiscoveryClient向服務中心註冊;並且向程式的ioc注入一個bean: restTemplate;並通過@LoadBalanced註解表明這個restRemplate開啟負載均衡的功能。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | @SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient public class ServiceRibbonApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication. class , args); } @Bean @LoadBalanced RestTemplate restTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); } } |
寫一個測試類HelloService,通過之前注入ioc容器的restTemplate來消費service-hi服務的“/hi”介面,在這裡我們直接用的程式名替代了具體的url地址,在ribbon中它會根據服務名來選擇具體的服務例項,根據服務例項在請求的時候會用具體的url替換掉服務名,程式碼如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | @Service public class HelloService { @Autowired RestTemplate restTemplate; public String hiService(String name) { return restTemplate.getForObject( "http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name=" +name,String. class ); } } |
寫一個controller,在controller中用呼叫HelloService 的方法,程式碼如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | /** * Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/6. */ @RestController public class HelloControler { @Autowired HelloService helloService; @RequestMapping (value = "/hi" ) public String hi( @RequestParam String name){ return helloService.hiService(name); } } |
在瀏覽器上多次訪問http://localhost:8764/hi?name=forezp,瀏覽器交替顯示:
hi forezp,i am from port:8762
hi forezp,i am from port:8763
這說明當我們通過呼叫restTemplate.getForObject(“http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name=“+name,String.class)方法時,已經做了負載均衡,訪問了不同的埠的服務例項。
架構程式碼如下:
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