（七）spring cloud微服務分散式雲架構-服務消費者（rest+ribbon）

springcloud885發表於2019-03-11
SpringCloud微服務分散式架構REST

一、ribbon簡介

Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.

—–摘自官網 Spring Cloud大型企業分散式微服務雲架構原始碼請加一七九一七四三三八零

ribbon是一個負載均衡客戶端，可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行為。Feign預設整合了ribbon。

ribbon 已經預設實現了這些配置bean：

IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl

IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule

IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing

ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList

ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter

ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer

二、建一個服務消費者

重新新建一個spring-boot工程，取名為：service-ribbon;

在它的pom.xml檔案分別引入起步依賴spring-cloud-starter-eureka、spring-cloud-starter-ribbon、spring-boot-starter-web，程式碼如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
    <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
    <artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
 
    <name>service-ribbon</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
 
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
 
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
 
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
 
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
 
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
 
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
</project>
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在工程的配置檔案指定服務的註冊中心地址為http:/ /localhost:8761/eureka/，程式名稱為 service-ribbon，程式埠為8764。配置檔案application.yml如下：

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
  port: 8764
spring:
  application:
    name: service-ribbon
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在工程的啟動類中,通過@EnableDiscoveryClient向服務中心註冊；並且向程式的ioc注入一個bean: restTemplate;並通過@LoadBalanced註解表明這個restRemplate開啟負載均衡的功能。

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ServiceRibbonApplication {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
    }
 
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
 
}
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寫一個測試類HelloService，通過之前注入ioc容器的restTemplate來消費service-hi服務的“/hi”介面，在這裡我們直接用的程式名替代了具體的url地址，在ribbon中它會根據服務名來選擇具體的服務例項，根據服務例項在請求的時候會用具體的url替換掉服務名，程式碼如下：

@Service
public class HelloService {
 
    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;
 
    public String hiService(String name) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class);
    }
 
}
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寫一個controller，在controller中用呼叫HelloService 的方法，程式碼如下：

/**
 * Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/6.
 */
@RestController
public class HelloControler {
 
    @Autowired
    HelloService helloService;
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hi")
    public String hi(@RequestParam String name){
        return helloService.hiService(name);
    }
 
 
}
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在瀏覽器上多次訪問http:/ /localhost:8764/hi?name=forezp，瀏覽器交替顯示：

hi forezp,i am from port:8762
 
hi forezp,i am from port:8763
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這說明當我們通過呼叫restTemplate.getForObject(“http:/ /SERVICE-HI/hi?name=“+name,String.class)方法時，已經做了負載均衡，訪問了不同的埠的服務例項。

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