一、ribbon簡介
Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.
—–摘自官網 Spring Cloud大型企業分散式微服務雲架構原始碼請加一七九一七四三三八零
ribbon是一個負載均衡客戶端，可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行為。Feign預設整合了ribbon。
ribbon 已經預設實現了這些配置bean：
IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl
IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule
IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing
ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList
ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter
ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer
二、建一個服務消費者
重新新建一個spring-boot工程，取名為：service-ribbon;
在它的pom.xml檔案分別引入起步依賴spring-cloud-starter-eureka、spring-cloud-starter-ribbon、spring-boot-starter-web，程式碼如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
<artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>service-ribbon</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.RC1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
複製程式碼在工程的配置檔案指定服務的註冊中心地址為http:/ /localhost:8761/eureka/，程式名稱為 service-ribbon，程式埠為8764。配置檔案application.yml如下：
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8764
spring:
application:
name: service-ribbon
複製程式碼在工程的啟動類中,通過@EnableDiscoveryClient向服務中心註冊；並且向程式的ioc注入一個bean: restTemplate;並通過@LoadBalanced註解表明這個restRemplate開啟負載均衡的功能。
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ServiceRibbonApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
複製程式碼寫一個測試類HelloService，通過之前注入ioc容器的restTemplate來消費service-hi服務的“/hi”介面，在這裡我們直接用的程式名替代了具體的url地址，在ribbon中它會根據服務名來選擇具體的服務例項，根據服務例項在請求的時候會用具體的url替換掉服務名，程式碼如下：
@Service
public class HelloService {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
public String hiService(String name) {
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class);
}
}
複製程式碼寫一個controller，在controller中用呼叫HelloService 的方法，程式碼如下：
/**
* Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/6.
*/
@RestController
public class HelloControler {
@Autowired
HelloService helloService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/hi")
public String hi(@RequestParam String name){
return helloService.hiService(name);
}
}
複製程式碼在瀏覽器上多次訪問http:/ /localhost:8764/hi?name=forezp，瀏覽器交替顯示：
hi forezp,i am from port:8762
hi forezp,i am from port:8763
複製程式碼這說明當我們通過呼叫restTemplate.getForObject(“http:/ /SERVICE-HI/hi?name=“+name,String.class)方法時，已經做了負載均衡，訪問了不同的埠的服務例項。