使用EHCACHE三步搞定SPRING BOOT 快取

譚朝紅發表於2019-04-06

三步搞定Spring Boot 快取

本次內容主要介紹基於Ehcache 3.0來快速實現Spring Boot應用程式的資料快取功能。在Spring Boot應用程式中,我們可以通過Spring Caching來快速搞定資料快取。接下來我們將介紹如何在三步之內搞定Spring Boot快取。

1. 建立一個Spring Boot工程並新增Maven依賴

你所建立的Spring Boot應用程式的maven依賴檔案至少應該是下面的樣子:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.ramostear</groupId>
	<artifactId>cache</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>cache</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.ehcache</groupId>
			<artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.cache</groupId>
			<artifactId>cache-api</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

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依賴說明:

  • spring-boot-starter-cache為Spring Boot應用程式提供快取支援
  • ehcache提供了Ehcache的快取實現
  • cache-api 提供了基於JSR-107的快取規範

2. 配置Ehcache快取

現在,需要告訴Spring Boot去哪裡找快取配置檔案,這需要在Spring Boot配置檔案中進行設定:

spring.cache.jcache.config=classpath:ehcache.xml
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然後使用@EnableCaching註解開啟Spring Boot應用程式快取功能,你可以在應用主類中進行操作:

package com.ramostear.cache;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCaching
public class CacheApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(CacheApplication.class, args);
	}
}
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接下來,需要建立一個ehcache的配置檔案,該檔案放置在類路徑下,如resources目錄下:

<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns="http://www.ehcache.org/v3"
        xmlns:jsr107="http://www.ehcache.org/v3/jsr107"
        xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.ehcache.org/v3 http://www.ehcache.org/schema/ehcache-core-3.0.xsd
            http://www.ehcache.org/v3/jsr107 http://www.ehcache.org/schema/ehcache-107-ext-3.0.xsd">
    <service>
        <jsr107:defaults enable-statistics="true"/>
    </service>

    <cache alias="person">
        <key-type>java.lang.Long</key-type>
        <value-type>com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person</value-type>
        <expiry>
            <ttl unit="minutes">1</ttl>
        </expiry>
        <listeners>
            <listener>
                <class>com.ramostear.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger</class>
                <event-firing-mode>ASYNCHRONOUS</event-firing-mode>
                <event-ordering-mode>UNORDERED</event-ordering-mode>
                <events-to-fire-on>CREATED</events-to-fire-on>
                <events-to-fire-on>UPDATED</events-to-fire-on>
                <events-to-fire-on>EXPIRED</events-to-fire-on>
                <events-to-fire-on>REMOVED</events-to-fire-on>
                <events-to-fire-on>EVICTED</events-to-fire-on>
            </listener>
        </listeners>
        <resources>
                <heap unit="entries">2000</heap>
                <offheap unit="MB">100</offheap>
        </resources>
    </cache>
</config>
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最後,還需要定義個快取事件監聽器,用於記錄系統操作快取資料的情況,最快的方法是實現CacheEventListener介面:

package com.ramostear.cache.config;

import org.ehcache.event.CacheEvent;
import org.ehcache.event.CacheEventListener;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * @author ramostear
 * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:48
 * @modify by :
 * @since:
 */
public class PersonCacheEventLogger implements CacheEventListener<Object,Object>{

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PersonCacheEventLogger.class);

    @Override
    public void onEvent(CacheEvent cacheEvent) {
        logger.info("person caching event {} {} {} {}",
                cacheEvent.getType(),
                cacheEvent.getKey(),
                cacheEvent.getOldValue(),
                cacheEvent.getNewValue());
    }
}

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3. 使用@Cacheable註解對方法進行註釋

要讓Spring Boot能夠快取我們的資料,還需要使用@Cacheable註解對業務方法進行註釋,告訴Spring Boot該方法中產生的資料需要加入到快取中:

package com.ramostear.cache.service;

import com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * @author ramostear
 * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:51
 * @modify by :
 * @since:
 */
@Service(value = "personService")
public class PersonService {

    @Cacheable(cacheNames = "person",key = "#id")
    public Person getPerson(Long id){
        Person person = new Person(id,"ramostear","ramostear@163.com");
        return person;
    }
}
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通過以上三個步驟,我們就完成了Spring Boot的快取功能。接下來,我們將測試一下快取的實際情況。

4. 快取測試

為了測試我們的應用程式,建立一個簡單的Restful端點,它將呼叫PersonService返回一個Person物件:

package com.ramostear.cache.controller;

import com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person;
import com.ramostear.cache.service.PersonService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;


/**
 * @author ramostear
 * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:54
 * @modify by :
 * @since:
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/persons")
public class PersonController {

    @Autowired
    private PersonService personService;

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<Person> person(@PathVariable(value = "id") Long id){
        return new ResponseEntity<>(personService.getPerson(id), HttpStatus.OK);
    }
}

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Person是一個簡單的POJO類:

package com.ramostear.cache.entity;


import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * @author ramostear
 * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:45
 * @modify by :
 * @since:
 */
@Getter
@Setter
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Person implements Serializable{

    private Long id;

    private String username;

    private String email;
}
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以上準備工作都完成後,讓我們編譯並執行應用程式。專案成功啟動後,使用瀏覽器開啟:http://localhost:8080/persons/1 ,你將在瀏覽器頁面中看到如下的資訊:

{"id":1,"username":"ramostear","email":"ramostear@163.com"}
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此時在觀察控制檯輸出的日誌資訊:

2019-04-07 01:08:01.001  INFO 6704 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Completed initialization in 5 ms
2019-04-07 01:08:01.054  INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-0] c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger  : person caching event CREATED 1 null com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@ba8a729
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由於我們是第一次請求API,沒有任何快取資料。因此,Ehcache建立了一條快取資料,可以通過CREATED看一瞭解到。

我們在ehcache.xml檔案中將快取過期時間設定成了1分鐘(1),因此在一分鐘之內我們重新整理瀏覽器,不會看到有新的日誌輸出,一分鐘之後,快取過期,我們再次重新整理瀏覽器,將看到如下的日誌輸出:

2019-04-07 01:09:28.612  INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-1] c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger  : person caching event EXPIRED 1 com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@a9f3c57 null
2019-04-07 01:09:28.612  INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-1] c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger  : person caching event CREATED 1 null com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@416900ce
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第一條日誌提示快取已經過期,第二條日誌提示Ehcache重新建立了一條快取資料。

結束語

在本次案例中,通過簡單的三個步驟,講解了基於Ehcache的Spring Boot應用程式快取實現。文章內容重在快取實現的基本步驟與方法,簡化了具體的業務程式碼,有興趣的朋友可以自行擴充套件,期間遇到問題也可以隨時與我聯絡。

原文:使用EHCACHE三步搞定SPRING BOOT 快取 作者:譚朝紅

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