三步搞定Spring Boot 快取
本次內容主要介紹基於Ehcache 3.0來快速實現Spring Boot應用程式的資料快取功能。在Spring Boot應用程式中,我們可以通過Spring Caching來快速搞定資料快取。接下來我們將介紹如何在三步之內搞定Spring Boot快取。
1. 建立一個Spring Boot工程並新增Maven依賴
你所建立的Spring Boot應用程式的maven依賴檔案至少應該是下面的樣子:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.ramostear</groupId>
<artifactId>cache</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>cache</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.ehcache</groupId>
<artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.cache</groupId>
<artifactId>cache-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
複製程式碼
依賴說明:
- spring-boot-starter-cache為Spring Boot應用程式提供快取支援
- ehcache提供了Ehcache的快取實現
- cache-api 提供了基於JSR-107的快取規範
2. 配置Ehcache快取
現在,需要告訴Spring Boot去哪裡找快取配置檔案,這需要在Spring Boot配置檔案中進行設定:
spring.cache.jcache.config=classpath:ehcache.xml
複製程式碼
然後使用@EnableCaching註解開啟Spring Boot應用程式快取功能,你可以在應用主類中進行操作:
package com.ramostear.cache;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCaching
public class CacheApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(CacheApplication.class, args);
}
}
複製程式碼
接下來,需要建立一個ehcache的配置檔案,該檔案放置在類路徑下,如resources目錄下:
<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://www.ehcache.org/v3"
xmlns:jsr107="http://www.ehcache.org/v3/jsr107"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.ehcache.org/v3 http://www.ehcache.org/schema/ehcache-core-3.0.xsd
http://www.ehcache.org/v3/jsr107 http://www.ehcache.org/schema/ehcache-107-ext-3.0.xsd">
<service>
<jsr107:defaults enable-statistics="true"/>
</service>
<cache alias="person">
<key-type>java.lang.Long</key-type>
<value-type>com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person</value-type>
<expiry>
<ttl unit="minutes">1</ttl>
</expiry>
<listeners>
<listener>
<class>com.ramostear.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger</class>
<event-firing-mode>ASYNCHRONOUS</event-firing-mode>
<event-ordering-mode>UNORDERED</event-ordering-mode>
<events-to-fire-on>CREATED</events-to-fire-on>
<events-to-fire-on>UPDATED</events-to-fire-on>
<events-to-fire-on>EXPIRED</events-to-fire-on>
<events-to-fire-on>REMOVED</events-to-fire-on>
<events-to-fire-on>EVICTED</events-to-fire-on>
</listener>
</listeners>
<resources>
<heap unit="entries">2000</heap>
<offheap unit="MB">100</offheap>
</resources>
</cache>
</config>
複製程式碼
最後,還需要定義個快取事件監聽器,用於記錄系統操作快取資料的情況,最快的方法是實現CacheEventListener介面:
package com.ramostear.cache.config;
import org.ehcache.event.CacheEvent;
import org.ehcache.event.CacheEventListener;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* @author ramostear
* @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:48
* @modify by :
* @since:
*/
public class PersonCacheEventLogger implements CacheEventListener<Object,Object>{
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PersonCacheEventLogger.class);
@Override
public void onEvent(CacheEvent cacheEvent) {
logger.info("person caching event {} {} {} {}",
cacheEvent.getType(),
cacheEvent.getKey(),
cacheEvent.getOldValue(),
cacheEvent.getNewValue());
}
}
複製程式碼
3. 使用@Cacheable註解對方法進行註釋
要讓Spring Boot能夠快取我們的資料,還需要使用@Cacheable註解對業務方法進行註釋,告訴Spring Boot該方法中產生的資料需要加入到快取中:
package com.ramostear.cache.service;
import com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* @author ramostear
* @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:51
* @modify by :
* @since:
*/
@Service(value = "personService")
public class PersonService {
@Cacheable(cacheNames = "person",key = "#id")
public Person getPerson(Long id){
Person person = new Person(id,"ramostear","ramostear@163.com");
return person;
}
}
複製程式碼
通過以上三個步驟,我們就完成了Spring Boot的快取功能。接下來,我們將測試一下快取的實際情況。
4. 快取測試
為了測試我們的應用程式,建立一個簡單的Restful端點,它將呼叫PersonService返回一個Person物件:
package com.ramostear.cache.controller;
import com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person;
import com.ramostear.cache.service.PersonService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* @author ramostear
* @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:54
* @modify by :
* @since:
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/persons")
public class PersonController {
@Autowired
private PersonService personService;
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public ResponseEntity<Person> person(@PathVariable(value = "id") Long id){
return new ResponseEntity<>(personService.getPerson(id), HttpStatus.OK);
}
}
複製程式碼
Person是一個簡單的POJO類:
package com.ramostear.cache.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author ramostear
* @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:45
* @modify by :
* @since:
*/
@Getter
@Setter
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Person implements Serializable{
private Long id;
private String username;
private String email;
}
複製程式碼
以上準備工作都完成後,讓我們編譯並執行應用程式。專案成功啟動後,使用瀏覽器開啟:http://localhost:8080/persons/1 ,你將在瀏覽器頁面中看到如下的資訊:
{"id":1,"username":"ramostear","email":"ramostear@163.com"}
複製程式碼
此時在觀察控制檯輸出的日誌資訊:
2019-04-07 01:08:01.001 INFO 6704 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : Completed initialization in 5 ms
2019-04-07 01:08:01.054 INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-0] c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger : person caching event CREATED 1 null com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@ba8a729
複製程式碼
由於我們是第一次請求API,沒有任何快取資料。因此,Ehcache建立了一條快取資料,可以通過CREATED看一瞭解到。
我們在ehcache.xml檔案中將快取過期時間設定成了1分鐘(1),因此在一分鐘之內我們重新整理瀏覽器,不會看到有新的日誌輸出,一分鐘之後,快取過期,我們再次重新整理瀏覽器,將看到如下的日誌輸出:
2019-04-07 01:09:28.612 INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-1] c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger : person caching event EXPIRED 1 com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@a9f3c57 null
2019-04-07 01:09:28.612 INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-1] c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger : person caching event CREATED 1 null com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@416900ce
複製程式碼
第一條日誌提示快取已經過期,第二條日誌提示Ehcache重新建立了一條快取資料。
結束語
在本次案例中,通過簡單的三個步驟,講解了基於Ehcache的Spring Boot應用程式快取實現。文章內容重在快取實現的基本步驟與方法,簡化了具體的業務程式碼,有興趣的朋友可以自行擴充套件,期間遇到問題也可以隨時與我聯絡。