Data guard搭建
Data guard搭建
一、準備工作
Oracle版本11.2.0.1，作業系統版本時紅帽5.5
基本步驟
1.1開啟force log
SQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;
1.2備份主庫
run {
sql 'alter system switch logfile';
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
backup database format '/dsk3/backup/prod_%d_%t.bak';
alter database open;
sql 'alter system switch logfile';
}
RMAN> run {
2> sql 'alter system switch logfile';
3> shutdown immediate;
4> startup mount;
5> backup database format '/dsk3/backup/prod_%d_%t.bak';
6> alter database open;
7> sql 'alter system switch logfile';
8> }
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
sql statement: alter system switch logfile
database closed
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down
connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started
database mounted
Total System Global Area 836976640 bytes
Fixed Size 1339740 bytes
Variable Size 234884772 bytes
Database Buffers 595591168 bytes
Redo Buffers 5160960 bytes
Starting backup at 07-MAY-16
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oradata/prod/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oradata/prod/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-MAY-16
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-MAY-16
piece handle=/dsk3/backup/prod_PROD_911229277.bak tag=TAG20160507T151437 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-MAY-16
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-MAY-16
piece handle=/dsk3/backup/prod_PROD_911229343.bak tag=TAG20160507T151437 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 07-MAY-16
database opened
sql statement: alter system switch logfile
二、編輯pfile
2.1主庫的pfile
prod.__db_cache_size=595591168
prod.__java_pool_size=4194304
prod.__large_pool_size=4194304
prod.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
prod.__pga_aggregate_target=104857600
prod.__sga_target=838860800
prod.__shared_io_pool_size=0
prod.__shared_pool_size=222298112
prod.__streams_pool_size=4194304
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/prod/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/oradata/prod/control01.ctl','/oradata/prod/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='prod'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=prodXDB)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/dsk3/arch'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=104857600
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=838860800
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=bjdb
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(bjdb,shdb)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=
'LOCATION=/dsk3/arch
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=bjdb'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=
'SERVICE=shdb ASYNC
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=shdb'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=3
FAL_SERVER=shdb
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata/shdb','/oradata/prod/'
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=
'/dsk1/sh/onlinelog','/dsk1/bj/onlinelog/','/dsk2/sh/onlinelog/','/dsk2/bj/onlinelog/'
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
2.2備庫的pfile
DB_NAME=prod
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=shdb
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(bjdb,shdb)'
CONTROL_FILES='/oradata/shdb/sh01.ctl', '/oradata/shdb/sh02.ctl'
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata/prod/','/oradata/shdb/'
這裡的這個引數如下設定也是可以的，只要/oradata/shdb/路徑已經建立。
#DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='prod','shdb'
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=
'/dsk1/bj/onlinelog/','/dsk1/sh/onlinelog/','/dsk2/bj/onlinelog/','/dsk2/sh/onlinelog/'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=
'LOCATION=/dsk3/arch
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=shdb'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=
'SERVICE=bjdb ASYNC
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=bjdb'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
FAL_SERVER=bjdb
三、重啟主庫到mount
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup pfile='/home/oracle/init.ora' nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 836976640 bytes
Fixed Size 1339740 bytes
Variable Size 234884772 bytes
Database Buffers 595591168 bytes
Redo Buffers 5160960 bytes
SQL> set pagesize 200
SQL> show parameter log
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
audit_syslog_level string
commit_logging string
db_create_online_log_dest_1 string
db_create_online_log_dest_2 string
db_create_online_log_dest_3 string
db_create_online_log_dest_4 string
db_create_online_log_dest_5 string
enable_ddl_logging boolean FALSE
log_archive_config string DG_CONFIG=(bjdb,shdb)
log_archive_dest string
log_archive_dest_1 string LOCATION=/dsk3/arch
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_
ROLES)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=bjdb
log_archive_dest_10 string
log_archive_dest_11 string
log_archive_dest_18 string
log_archive_dest_19 string
log_archive_dest_2 string SERVICE=shdb ASYNC
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,P
RIMARY_ROLE)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=shdb
log_archive_dest_20 string
log_archive_duplex_dest string
log_archive_format string %t_%s_%r.dbf
log_archive_local_first boolean TRUE
log_archive_max_processes integer 3
log_archive_min_succeed_dest integer 1
log_archive_start boolean FALSE
log_archive_trace integer 0
log_buffer integer 4980736
log_checkpoint_interval integer 0
log_checkpoint_timeout integer 1800
log_checkpoints_to_alert boolean FALSE
log_file_name_convert string /dsk1/sh/onlinelog, /dsk1/bj/o
nlinelog/, /dsk2/sh/onlinelog/
, /dsk2/bj/onlinelog/
remote_login_passwordfile string EXCLUSIVE
sec_case_sensitive_logon boolean TRUE
sec_max_failed_login_attempts integer 10
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string /oradata/shdb, /oradata/prod/
db_name string prod
db_unique_name string bjdb
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string prod
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string /dsk1/sh/onlinelog, /dsk1/bj/o
nlinelog/, /dsk2/sh/onlinelog/
, /dsk2/bj/onlinelog/
service_names string bjdb
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/init.ora';
File created.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 836976640 bytes
Fixed Size 1339740 bytes
Variable Size 234884772 bytes
Database Buffers 595591168 bytes
Redo Buffers 5160960 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> show parameter log
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
audit_syslog_level string
commit_logging string
db_create_online_log_dest_1 string
db_create_online_log_dest_2 string
db_create_online_log_dest_3 string
db_create_online_log_dest_4 string
db_create_online_log_dest_5 string
enable_ddl_logging boolean FALSE
log_archive_config string DG_CONFIG=(bjdb,shdb)
log_archive_dest string
log_archive_dest_1 string LOCATION=/dsk3/arch
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_
ROLES)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=bjdb
四、複製主庫到備庫
4.1複製資料檔案
[oracle@bj prod]$ scp * sh:/oradata/shdb
oracle@sh's password:
control01.ctl 100% 9520KB 4.7MB/s 00:02
control02.ctl 100% 9520KB 4.7MB/s 00:02
redo01.log 100% 50MB 5.0MB/s 00:10
sysaux01.dbf 100% 600MB 5.6MB/s 01:47
system01.dbf 100% 700MB 5.5MB/s 02:07
temp01.dbf 100% 20MB 5.0MB/s 00:04
undotbs01.dbf 100% 275MB 5.4MB/s 00:51
users01.dbf 100% 5128KB 2.5MB/s 00:02
[oracle@bj prod]$
4.2複製密碼檔案和pfile
[oracle@bj ~]$ scp init.ora sh:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/
oracle@sh's password:
init.ora 100% 1420 1.4KB/s 00:00
[oracle@bj ~]$
[oracle@bj dbs]$ scp orapwprod sh:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwshdb
oracle@sh's password:
orapwprod 100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:01
[oracle@bj dbs]$
4.3生成備庫控制檔案，並複製到備庫
QL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/home/oracle/sh.ctl';
Database altered.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@bj ~]$ ll
total 9836
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oracle 30 Mar 26 2013 afiedt.buf
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oracle 1420 May 7 15:06 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oracle 289727 Mar 26 2013 install2013-03-26_00-35-09.log
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle oracle 4096 Mar 25 2013 oradiag_oracle
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 9748480 May 7 15:41 sh.ctl
[oracle@bj ~]$
[oracle@bj ~]$ scp sh.ctl sh:/oradata/shdb/sh01.ctl
oracle@sh's password:
sh.ctl 100% 9520KB 9.3MB/s 00:01
[oracle@bj ~]$ scp sh.ctl sh:/oradata/shdb/sh02.ctl
oracle@sh's password:
sh.ctl 100% 9520KB 9.3MB/s 00:01
[oracle@bj ~]$
五、配置tns並啟動備庫
5.1主庫備庫都啟動監聽
[oracle@sh admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora
BJDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bj)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = bjdb)
)
)
SHDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = sh)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = shdb)
)
)
5.2啟動備庫
export ORACLE_SID=shdb
SQL> startup pfile='/home/oracle/init.ora' nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 146472960 bytes
Fixed Size 1335080 bytes
Variable Size 92274904 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 2531328 bytes
SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string /oradata/prod/, /oradata/shdb
db_name string prod
db_unique_name string shdb
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string shdb
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string /dsk1/bj/onlinelog/, /dsk1/sh/
onlinelog/, /dsk2/bj/onlinelog
/, /dsk2/sh/onlinelog/
service_names string shdb
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/init.ora';
六、使用備份恢復的方式建立dg
6.1使用duplicate方式搭建dg
6.1.1編輯主庫備庫的pfile
主庫
[oracle@bj ~]$ more init.ora
prod.__db_cache_size=595591168
prod.__java_pool_size=4194304
prod.__large_pool_size=4194304
prod.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
prod.__pga_aggregate_target=104857600
prod.__sga_target=838860800
prod.__shared_io_pool_size=0
prod.__shared_pool_size=222298112
prod.__streams_pool_size=4194304
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/prod/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/oradata/prod/control01.ctl','/oradata/prod/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='prod'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=prodXDB)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/dsk3/arch'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=104857600
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=838860800
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=bjdb
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(bjdb,shdb)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=
'LOCATION=/dsk3/arch
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=bjdb'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=
'SERVICE=shdb ASYNC
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=shdb'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=3
FAL_SERVER=shdb
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata/shdb','/oradata/prod/'
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/dsk1/sh/onlinelog','/dsk1/bj/onlinelog/','/dsk2/sh/onlinelog/','/dsk2/bj
/onlinelog/'
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
備庫
[oracle@sh ~]$ more init.ora
shdb.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
*.CONTROL_FILES='/oradata/shdb/sh01.ctl','/oradata/shdb/sh02.ctl'
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata/prod/','/oradata/shdb/'
*.DB_NAME='prod'
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='shdb'
*.FAL_SERVER='bjdb'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(bjdb,shdb)'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/dsk3/arch
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=shdb'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=bjdb ASYNC
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=bjdb'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1='ENABLE'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2='ENABLE'
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/dsk1/bj/onlinelog/','/dsk1/sh/onlinelog/','/dsk2/bj/onlinelog/','/dsk2
/sh/onlinelog/'
*.REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE='EXCLUSIVE'
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO'
6.1.2備庫需要配置靜態監聽
先連線到主庫
RMAN> connect target sys@JED
在連線到備庫，前提是配置靜態監聽
RMAN> connect auxiliary sys@JED2
在透過這條明天建立備庫
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database;
連線報錯，需要配置靜態監聽
[oracle@sh shdb]$ rman target / auxiliary sys/oracle@shdb
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat May 7 22:19:38 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: PROD (not mounted)
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00554: initialization of internal recovery manager package failed
RMAN-04006: error from auxiliary database: ORA-12528: TNS:listener: all appropriate instances are blocking new connections
[oracle@sh shdb]$ cd
配置靜態監聽
[oracle@sh admin]$ mv listener.ora listener.ora.bak
[oracle@sh admin]$ vi listener.ora
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = sh)(PORT = 1522))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = shdb)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = shdb)
)
)
[oracle@sh admin]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 07-MAY-2016 22:27:58
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/sh/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sh)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=sh)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 07-MAY-2016 22:27:58
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/sh/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sh)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "shdb" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "shdb", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@sh admin]$
同時連線主庫和備庫
[oracle@sh ~]$ rman target sys/oracle@bjdb auxiliary sys/oracle@shdb
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat May 7 22:35:23 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: PROD (DBID=222874664)
connected to auxiliary database: PROD (not mounted)
RMAN>
6.1.3使用dulicate命令建立備庫
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database;
Starting Duplicate Db at 07-MAY-16
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=17 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
targetfile '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwprod' auxiliary format
'/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwshdb' ;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 07-MAY-16
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=34 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 07-MAY-16
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '/oradata/shdb/sh01.ctl';
restore clone controlfile to '/oradata/shdb/sh02.ctl' from
'/oradata/shdb/sh01.ctl';
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 07-MAY-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_prod.f tag=TAG20160507T224404 RECID=3 STAMP=911256244
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 07-MAY-16
Starting restore at 07-MAY-16
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 07-MAY-16
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/oradata/shdb/temp01.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/oradata/shdb/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"/oradata/shdb/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/oradata/shdb/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/oradata/shdb/users01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 5 to
"/oradata/shdb/tbs01.dbf";
backup as copy reuse
datafile 1 auxiliary format
"/oradata/shdb/system01.dbf" datafile
2 auxiliary format
"/oradata/shdb/sysaux01.dbf" datafile
3 auxiliary format
"/oradata/shdb/undotbs01.dbf" datafile
4 auxiliary format
"/oradata/shdb/users01.dbf" datafile
5 auxiliary format
"/oradata/shdb/tbs01.dbf" ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /oradata/shdb/temp01.dbf in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 07-MAY-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oradata/prod/system01.dbf
output file name=/oradata/shdb/system01.dbf tag=TAG20160507T224414
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:58
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/oradata/shdb/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20160507T224414
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:47
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/oradata/shdb/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20160507T224414
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:27
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oradata/prod/tbs01.dbf
output file name=/oradata/shdb/tbs01.dbf tag=TAG20160507T224414
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oradata/prod/users01.dbf
output file name=/oradata/shdb/users01.dbf tag=TAG20160507T224414
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 07-MAY-16
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=911255907 file name=/oradata/shdb/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=911255907 file name=/oradata/shdb/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=911255907 file name=/oradata/shdb/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=911255907 file name=/oradata/shdb/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=911255907 file name=/oradata/shdb/tbs01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 07-MAY-16
RMAN>
6.1.4使用開啟備庫的介質恢復功能
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.
SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;
Media recovery complete.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
6.2使用備份恢復的方式搭建dg
七、一些問題
7.1備庫db_file_name_convert設定錯誤
主庫切換日誌，備庫接收到日誌，單並沒有進行介質恢復
[oracle@bj dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat May 7 16:23:32 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
SQL>
備庫接收到歸檔日誌
[oracle@sh trace]$ tail -f /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/shdb/shdb/trace/alert_shdb.log
Sat May 07 16:19:48 2016
RFS[3]: Assigned to RFS process 719
RFS[3]: Identified database type as 'physical standby': Client is LGWR ASYNC pid 1060
Primary database is in MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE mode
RFS[3]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 61 dbid 222874664 branch 811036328
Archived Log entry 4 added for thread 1 sequence 61 rlc 811036328 ID 0xd494f28 dest 2:
RFS[3]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 62 dbid 222874664 branch 811036328
Sat May 07 16:20:42 2016
RFS[4]: Assigned to RFS process 725
RFS[4]: Identified database type as 'physical standby': Client is ARCH pid 1058
Sat May 07 16:23:32 2016
Archived Log entry 5 added for thread 1 sequence 62 rlc 811036328 ID 0xd494f28 dest 2:
RFS[3]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 63 dbid 222874664 branch 811036328
Sat May 07 16:24:09 2016
Archived Log entry 6 added for thread 1 sequence 63 rlc 811036328 ID 0xd494f28 dest 2:
RFS[3]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 64 dbid 222874664 branch 811036328
[oracle@sh dsk3]$ cd arch
[oracle@sh arch]$ ll
total 1008
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 159232 May 7 16:19 1_58_811036328.dbf
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 48640 May 7 16:19 1_59_811036328.dbf
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 481792 May 7 16:19 1_60_811036328.dbf
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 54272 May 7 16:19 1_61_811036328.dbf
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 244736 May 7 16:23 1_62_811036328.dbf
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 52429312 May 7 16:23 1_63_811036328.dbf
主庫切換日誌後，備庫歸檔目錄下日誌增加。
[oracle@sh arch]$ ll
total 1016
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 159232 May 7 16:19 1_58_811036328.dbf
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 48640 May 7 16:19 1_59_811036328.dbf
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 481792 May 7 16:19 1_60_811036328.dbf
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 54272 May 7 16:19 1_61_811036328.dbf
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 244736 May 7 16:23 1_62_811036328.dbf
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 24576 May 7 16:24 1_63_811036328.dbf
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 52429312 May 7 16:24 1_64_811036328.dbf
[oracle@sh arch]$
開啟日誌恢復後告警日誌報錯
SQL> select name from v$archived_log;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/dsk3/arch/1_58_811036328.dbf
/dsk3/arch/1_60_811036328.dbf
/dsk3/arch/1_59_811036328.dbf
/dsk3/arch/1_61_811036328.dbf
/dsk3/arch/1_62_811036328.dbf
/dsk3/arch/1_63_811036328.dbf
6 rows selected.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.
SQL>recover managed standby database cancel;
Sat May 07 16:29:42 2016
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/shdb/shdb/trace/shdb_dbw0_678.trc:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/oradata/shdbsystem01.dbf'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/shdb/shdb/trace/shdb_dbw0_678.trc:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 2 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 2: '/oradata/shdbsysaux01.dbf'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/shdb/shdb/trace/shdb_dbw0_678.trc:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file
從新設定這個引數，從起恢復後正常
SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string /oradata/prod/, /oradata/shdb
db_name string prod
db_unique_name string shdb
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string shdb
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string /dsk1/bj/onlinelog/, /dsk1/sh/
onlinelog/, /dsk2/bj/onlinelog
/, /dsk2/sh/onlinelog/
service_names string shdb
7.2備庫日誌檔案的報錯處理
備庫告警報日誌錯誤，清除此錯誤
RA-00313: open failed for members of log group 3 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/dsk2/sh/onlinelog/redo03a.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/dsk1/sh/onlinelog/redo03b.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/shdb/shdb/trace/shdb_mrp0_1094.trc:
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 3 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/dsk2/sh/onlinelog/redo03a.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/dsk1/sh/onlinelog/redo03b.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Clearing online redo logfile 3 complete
Mv日誌檔案
[root@sh onlinelog]# ll
total 153780
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 52429312 May 7 16:35 redo01a.bak
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 52429312 May 7 16:35 redo02a.bak
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 52429312 May 7 16:35 redo03a.bak
取消介質恢復
SQL>recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database clear logfile group 1;
Database altered.
Clear之後所有的日誌檔案都進行了重建
[oracle@sh onlinelog]$ ll
total 307560
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 52429312 May 7 16:35 redo01b.bak
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 52429312 May 7 17:00 redo01b.log
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 52429312 May 7 16:35 redo02b.bak
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 52429312 May 7 16:51 redo02b.log
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 52429312 May 7 16:35 redo03b.bak
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 52429312 May 7 16:51 redo03b.log
SQL> select group#,thread#,bytes/1024/1024 mb ,status,SEQUENCE# from v$log
2 ;
GROUP# THREAD# MB STATUS SEQUENCE#
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------- ----------
1 1 50 CLEARING_CURRENT 73
3 1 50 CLEARING 72
2 1 50 CLEARING 71
主庫進行日誌切換，備庫也隨之切換
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
主庫
SQL> select group#,thread#,bytes/1024/1024 mb ,status,SEQUENCE# from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# MB STATUS SEQUENCE#
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------- ----------
1 1 50 ACTIVE 73
2 1 50 CURRENT 74
3 1 50 INACTIVE 72
備庫狀態
SQL> select group#,thread#,bytes/1024/1024 mb ,status,SEQUENCE# from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# MB STATUS SEQUENCE#
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------- ----------
1 1 50 CLEARING 73
3 1 50 CLEARING 72
2 1 50 CLEARING_CURRENT 74
開啟日誌應用
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.
SQL>
日誌沒有報錯
Completed: alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 74 (in transit)
7.3切換主庫和備庫
7.3.1檢視主庫和備庫的狀態
主庫
SQL> r
1* select name,dbid,database_role,PROTECTION_MODE from v$database
NAME DBID DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE
---------- ---------- ---------------- --------------------
PROD 222874664 PRIMARY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
備庫
SQL> select name,dbid,database_role,PROTECTION_MODE from v$database;
NAME DBID DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE
-------------------- ---------- ---------------- --------------------
PROD 222874664 PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
SQL>
7.3.2檢視主庫和備庫是否允許切換
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
89
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
89
SQL> select name,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
NAME DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
---------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PROD PRIMARY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TO STANDBY
SQL>
SQL> select name,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
NAME DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
-------------------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PROD PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE NOT ALLOWED
SQL> select username,sid from v$session where username is not null;
USERNAME SID
------------------------------ ----------
SYS 1
SQL>
7.3.3切換主備庫
切換主庫，正常下主庫處於open狀態
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;
Database altered.
SQL> select name,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
select name,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01507: database not mounted
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 836976640 bytes
Fixed Size 1339740 bytes
Variable Size 234884772 bytes
Database Buffers 595591168 bytes
Redo Buffers 5160960 bytes
Database mounted.
開啟介質應用
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.
SQL>
切換備庫
此時備庫的狀態會自動變成 to primary
SQL> r
1* select name,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database
NAME DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
-------------------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PROD PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TO PRIMARY
SQL>
切換的時候可以再mount，也可以再read only open狀態
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;
Database altered.
SQL> select name,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database
2 ;
NAME DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
-------------------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PROD PRIMARY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE NOT ALLOWED
SQL>
切換完成後從新啟動資料庫
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
Process ID: 2865
Session ID: 19 Serial number: 9
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@sh ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat May 7 23:26:31 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 146472960 bytes
Fixed Size 1335080 bytes
Variable Size 92274904 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 2531328 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
7.3.4驗證主庫和備庫是否一致
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
94
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
96
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
94
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
96
7.4主庫RESOLVABLE GAP
該狀態表示從庫上有未應用的日誌，我從新開啟從庫的日誌應用來處理。狀態變正常
主庫檢視
1* select name,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database
NAME DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PROD PRIMARY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE RESOLVABLE GAP
從庫執行
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.
主庫檢視
SQL> r
1* select name,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database
NAME DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PROD PRIMARY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TO STANDBY
7.5 data guard模式切換
Oracle data guard有三種模式分別是，最大效能，最大保護，最高可用性，這三種模式最大效能，資料安全性最低，對主庫的影響最小。
7.5.1檢視主庫和備庫的狀態
主庫
SQL> select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PRIMARY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
備庫
SQL> select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
修改主庫log_archive_dest_2
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_2
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_2 string SERVICE=shdb ASYNC
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,P
RIMARY_ROLE)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=shdb
SQL> alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=shdb lgwr sync affirm VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=shdb';
System altered.
SQL> show parameter LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_2 string SERVICE=shdb LGWR SYNC AFFIRM
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRI
MARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=shdb
7.5.2為備庫新增standby log
SQL> select sequence#,group#,bytes/1024/1024 from v$log;
SEQUENCE# GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024
---------- ---------- ---------------
129 1 50
131 3 50
130 2 50
SQL> select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/dsk1/sh/onlinelog/redo02b.log
/dsk1/sh/onlinelog/redo01b.log
/dsk2/sh/onlinelog/redo01a.log
/dsk2/sh/onlinelog/redo02a.log
/dsk1/sh/onlinelog/redo03b.log
/dsk2/sh/onlinelog/redo03a.log
6 rows selected.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 10 '/dsk1/sh/onlinelog/redo10a.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 11 '/dsk1/sh/onlinelog/redo11a.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 12 '/dsk1/sh/onlinelog/redo12a.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 13 '/dsk1/sh/onlinelog/redo13a.log' size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL>
SQL> col member for a40
SQL> r
1* select GROUP#,status,member from v$logfile
GROUP# STATUS MEMBER
---------- ------- ----------------------------------------
2 /dsk1/sh/onlinelog/redo02b.log
1 /dsk1/sh/onlinelog/redo01b.log
1 /dsk2/sh/onlinelog/redo01a.log
2 /dsk2/sh/onlinelog/redo02a.log
3 /dsk1/sh/onlinelog/redo03b.log
3 /dsk2/sh/onlinelog/redo03a.log
10 /dsk1/sh/onlinelog/redo10a.log
11 /dsk1/sh/onlinelog/redo11a.log
12 /dsk1/sh/onlinelog/redo12a.log
13 /dsk1/sh/onlinelog/redo13a.log
7.5.3修改主備庫為最大可用性
SQL> alter database set standby database to maximize availability;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database set standby database to maximize availability;
Database altered.
SQL> select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PRIMARY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY
SQL> select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY
SQL>
最大效能
SQL> alter database set standby database to maximize performance;
Database altered.
SQL> select NAME,PROTECTION_MODE,PROTECTION_LEVEL from v$database;
NAME PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
--------- -------------------- --------------------
PROD MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
最大保護
alter database set standby database to maximize protection;
7.6備庫異常關閉
在最大保護模式下，如果備庫和備庫的監聽沒有啟動，那麼主庫無法啟動，而且如果備庫異常關閉，那麼主庫會在幾分鐘之內被關閉（測試環境下五分鐘）。
A-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
Error 3113 for archive log file 2 to 'shdb'
Destination LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 is UNSYNCHRONIZED
LGWR: All standby destinations have failed
******************************************************
WARNING: All standby database destinations have failed
WARNING: Instance shutdown required to protect primary
******************************************************
LGWR (ospid: 2622): terminating the instance due to error 16098
Instance terminated by LGWR, pid = 2622
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