GCC 使用指南及gcc最佳編譯引數(轉)

post0發表於2007-08-11
GCC 使用指南及gcc最佳編譯引數(轉)[@more@]

GCC 使用指南

使用語法:

gcc [ option | filename ]...

  g++ [ option | filename ]...

其中 option 為 gcc 使用時的選項(後面會再詳述),

  而 filename 為欲以 gcc 處理的檔案

說明:

這 C 與 C++ 的 compiler 已將產生新程式的相關程式整合起來。產

生一個新的程式需要經過四個階段:預處理、編譯、彙編、連結,而這兩

個編譯器都能將輸入的檔案做不同階段的處理。雖然原始程式的副檔名可

用來分辨編寫原始程式碼所用的語言,但不同的compiler,其預設的處理

程式卻各不相同:

gcc  預設經由預處理過(副檔名為.i)的檔案為 C 語言,並於程式

      連結階段以 C 的連結方式處理。

g++  預設經由預處理過(副檔名為.i)的檔案為 C++ 語言,並於程

序連結階段以 C++ 的連結方式處理。

原始程式碼的副檔名指出所用編寫程式所用的語言,以及相對應的處

理方法:

  .c  C 原始程式         ; 預處理、編譯、彙編

  .C  C++ 原始程式        ; 預處理、編譯、彙編

  .cc C++ 原始程式        ; 預處理、編譯、彙編

  .cxx C++ 原始程式        ; 預處理、編譯、彙編

  .m  Objective-C 原始程式    ; 預處理、編譯、彙編

  .i  已經過預處理之 C 原始程式  ; 編譯、彙編

  .ii 已經過預處理之 C++ 原始程式 ; 編譯、彙編

  .s  組合語言原始程式      ; 彙編

  .S  組合語言原始程式      ; 預處理、彙編

  .h  預處理檔案(標標頭檔案)    ; (不常出現在指令行)

其他副檔名的檔案是由連結程式來處理,通常有:

  .o  Object file

  .a  Archive file

除非編譯過程出現錯誤,否則 "連結" 一定是產生一個新程式的最

  後階段。然而你也可以以 -c、-s 或 -E 等選項,將整個過程自四

  個階段中的其中一個停止。在連結階段,所有與原始碼相對應的

  .o 檔案、程式庫、和其他無法自檔名辨明屬性的檔案(包括不以 .o

  為副檔名的 object file 以及副檔名為 .a 的 archive file)都會

  交由連結程式來處理(在指令行將那些檔案當作連結程式的引數傳給

  連結程式)。

選項:

  不同的選項必須分開來下:例如 `-dr' 這個選項就與 `-d -r' 大

  不相同。

  絕大部份的 `-f' 及 `-W' 選項都有正反兩種形式:-fname 及

  -fno-name (或 -Wname 及 -Wno-name)。以下只列出非預設的那個

  形式。

  以下是所有選項的摘要。以形式來分類。選項的意義將另闢小節說

  明。

  一般性(概略、常用的)選項

       -c -S -E -o file -pipe -v -x language

  程式語言選項

       -ansi -fall-virtual -fcond-mismatch

       -fdollars-in-identifiers -fenum-int-equiv

       -fexternal-templates -fno-asm -fno-builtin

       -fno-strict-prototype -fsigned-bitfields

       -fsigned-char -fthis-is-variable

       -funsigned-bitfields -funsigned-char

       -fwritable-strings -traditional -traditional-cpp

       -trigraphs

  編譯時的警告選項

       -fsyntax-only -pedantic -pedantic-errors -w -W

       -Wall -Waggregate-return -Wcast-align -Wcast-qual

       -Wchar-subscript -Wcomment -Wconversion

       -Wenum-clash -Werror -Wformat -Wid-clash-len

       -Wimplicit -Winline -Wmissing-prototypes

       -Wmissing-declarations -Wnested-externs -Wno-import

       -Wparentheses -Wpointer-arith -Wredundant-decls

       -Wreturn-type -Wshadow -Wstrict-prototypes -Wswitch

       -Wtemplate-debugging -Wtraditional -Wtrigraphs

       -Wuninitialized -Wunused -Wwrite-strings

  除錯選項

       -a -dletters -fpretend-float -g -glevel -gcoff

       -gxcoff -gxcoff+ -gdwarf -gdwarf+ -gstabs -gstabs+

       -ggdb -p -pg -save-temps -print-file-name=library

       -print-libgcc-file-name -print-prog-name=program

 最佳化選項

       -fcaller-saves -fcse-follow-jumps -fcse-skip-blocks

       -fdelayed-branch -felide-constructors

       -fexpensive-optimizations -ffast-math -ffloat-store

       -fforce-addr -fforce-mem -finline-functions

       -fkeep-inline-functions -fmemoize-lookups

       -fno-default-inline -fno-defer-pop

       -fno-function-cse -fno-inline -fno-peephole

       -fomit-frame-pointer -frerun-cse-after-loop

       -fschedule-insns -fschedule-insns2

       -fstrength-reduce -fthread-jumps -funroll-all-loops

       -funroll-loops -O -O2

  預處理選項

       -Aassertion -C -dD -dM -dN -Dmacro[=defn] -E -H

       -idirafter dir -include file -imacros file -iprefix

       file -iwithprefix dir -M -MD -MM -MMD -nostdinc -P

       -Umacro -undef

  彙編程式選項

       -Wa,option

  連結程式選項

       -llibrary -nostartfiles -nostdlib -static -shared

       -symbolic -Xlinker option -Wl,option -u symbol

  目錄選項

       -Bprefix -Idir -I- -Ldir

 Target Options

       -b machine -V version

 與機器(平臺)相關的選項

       M680x0 Options

       -m68000 -m68020 -m68020-40 -m68030 -m68040 -m68881

       -mbitfield -mc68000 -mc68020 -mfpa -mnobitfield

       -mrtd -mshort -msoft-float

VAX Options

       -mg -mgnu -munix

SPARC Options

       -mepilogue -mfpu -mhard-float -mno-fpu

       -mno-epilogue -msoft-float -msparclite -mv8

       -msupersparc -mcypress

Convex Options

       -margcount -mc1 -mc2 -mnoargcount

AMD29K Options

       -m29000 -m29050 -mbw -mdw -mkernel-registers

       -mlarge -mnbw -mnodw -msmall -mstack-check

       -muser-registers

M88K Options

       -m88000 -m88100 -m88110 -mbig-pic

       -mcheck-zero-division -mhandle-large-shift

       -midentify-revision -mno-check-zero-division

       -mno-ocs-debug-info -mno-ocs-frame-position

       -mno-optimize-arg-area -mno-serialize-volatile

       -mno-underscores -mocs-debug-info

       -mocs-frame-position -moptimize-arg-area

       -mserialize-volatile -mshort-data-num -msvr3 -msvr4

       -mtrap-large-shift -muse-div-instruction

       -mversion-03.00 -mwarn-passed-structs

  RS6000 Options

       -mfp-in-toc -mno-fop-in-toc

RT Options

       -mcall-lib-mul -mfp-arg-in-fpregs -mfp-arg-in-gregs

       -mfull-fp-blocks -mhc-struct-return -min-line-mul

       -mminimum-fp-blocks -mnohc-struct-return

MIPS Options

       -mcpu=cpu type -mips2 -mips3 -mint64 -mlong64

       -mlonglong128 -mmips-as -mgas -mrnames -mno-rnames

       -mgpopt -mno-gpopt -mstats -mno-stats -mmemcpy

       -mno-memcpy -mno-mips-tfile -mmips-tfile

       -msoft-float -mhard-float -mabicalls -mno-abicalls

       -mhalf-pic -mno-half-pic -G num -nocpp

i386 Options

       -m486 -mno-486 -msoft-float -mno-fp-ret-in-387

HPPA Options

       -mpa-risc-1-0 -mpa-risc-1-1 -mkernel -mshared-libs

       -mno-shared-libs -mlong-calls -mdisable-fpregs

       -mdisable-indexing -mtrailing-colon

  i960 Options

       -mcpu-type -mnumerics -msoft-float

       -mleaf-procedures -mno-leaf-procedures -mtail-call

       -mno-tail-call -mcomplex-addr -mno-complex-addr

       -mcode-align -mno-code-align -mic-compat

       -mic2.0-compat -mic3.0-compat -masm-compat

       -mintel-asm -mstrict-align -mno-strict-align

       -mold-align -mno-old-align

  DEC Alpha Options

       -mfp-regs -mno-fp-regs -mno-soft-float -msoft-float

  System V Options

       -G -Qy -Qn -YP,paths -Ym,dir

 Code Generation Options

       -fcall-saved-reg -fcall-used-reg -ffixed-reg

       -finhibit-size-directive -fnonnull-objects

       -fno-common -fno-ident -fno-gnu-linker

       -fpcc-struct-return -fpic -fPIC

       -freg-struct-returno -fshared-data -fshort-enums

       -fshort-double -fvolatile -fvolatile-global

       -fverbose-asm

PRAGMAS

  Two `#pragma' directives are supported for GNU C++, to

  permit using the same header file for two purposes: as a

  definition of interfaces to a given object class, and as

  the full definition of the contents of that object class.

  #pragma interface

       (C++ only.) Use this directive in header files

       that define object classes, to save space in most

       of the object files that use those classes. Nor-

       mally, local copies of certain information (backup

       copies of inline member functions, debugging infor-

       mation, and the internal tables that implement vir-

       tual functions) must be kept in each object file

       that includes class definitions. You can use this

       pragma to avoid such duplication. When a header

       file containing `#pragma interface' is included in

       a compilation, this auxiliary information will not

       be generated (unless the main input source file it-

       self uses `#pragma implementation'). Instead, the

       object files will contain references to be resolved

       at link time.

  #pragma implementation

  #pragma implementation "objects.h"

       (C++ only.) Use this pragma in a main input file,

       when you want full output from included header

       files to be generated (and made globally visible).

       The included header file, in turn, should use

       `#pragma interface'. Backup copies of inline mem-

       ber functions, debugging information, and the in-

       ternal tables used to implement virtual functions

       are all generated in implementation files.

       If you use `#pragma implementation' with no argu-

       ment, it applies to an include file with the same

       basename as your source file; for example, in

       `allclass.cc', `#pragma implementation' by itself

       is equivalent  to  `#pragma  implementation

       "allclass.h"'. Use the string argument if you want

       a single implementation file to include code from

       multiple header files.

       There is no way to split up the contents of a sin-

       gle header file into multiple implementation files.

檔案說明

  file.c       C source file

  file.h       C header (preprocessor) file

  file.i       經預處理過的 C source file

  file.C       C++ source file

  file.cc      C++ source file

  file.cxx     C++ source file

  file.m       Objective-C source file

  file.s       assembly language file

  file.o       object file

  a.out       link edited output

  TMPDIR/cc*     temporary files

  LIBDIR/cpp     preprocessor

  LIBDIR/cc1     compiler for C

  LIBDIR/cc1plus   compiler for C++

  LIBDIR/collect   linker front end needed on some machines

  LIBDIR/libgcc.a  GCC subroutine library

  /lib/crt[01n].o  start-up routine

  LIBDIR/ccrt0  additional start-up routine for C++

  /lib/libc.a    standard C library, 參閱 man page intro(3)

  /usr/include  standard directory for #include files

  LIBDIR/include   standard gcc directory for #include files

  LIBDIR/g++-include additional g++ directory for #include

  LIBDIR is usually /usr/local/lib/machine/version.

  TMPDIR comes from the environment variable TMPDIR (default

  /usr/tmp if available, else /tmp).

gcc最佳編譯引數

摘要   本文著重介紹在不同的硬體環境下給GCC指定哪些引數才可以得到最佳的效能。   這篇文章是從一個名為Gentoo Linux的發行版的程式設計說明書裡面分離出來的,希望對大家編譯程式有幫助。

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

一、1.2版(gcc 2.9.x版)

i386 (Intel), do you really want to install gentoo on that? CHOST="i386-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i386 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i386 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

i486 (Intel), do you really want to install gentoo on that? CHOST="i486-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i486 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i486 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Pentium, Pentium MMX+, Celeron (Mendocino) (Intel) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Pentium Pro/II/III/4, Celeron (Coppermine), Celeron (Willamette?) (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i686 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i686 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Eden C3/Ezra (Via) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i586 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i586 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Quote : I did the original gentoo install using 1.2, with gcc 2.95 using -march=i586. i686 won't work.

K6 or beyond (AMD) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

(A Duron will report "Athlon" in its /proc/cpuinfo)

Athlon (AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

For the following, i don't know of any flag that enhance performances..., do you ?

PowerPC CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Sparc CHOST="sparc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Sparc 64 CHOST="sparc64-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

二、1.4版(gcc 3.x版):

i386 (Intel), do you really want to install gentoo on that ? CHOST="i386-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i386 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i386 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

i486 (Intel), do you really want to install gentoo on that ? CHOST="i486-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i486 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i486 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Pentium 1 (Intel) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Pentium MMX (Intel) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium-mmx -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium-mmx -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Pentium PRO (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentiumpro -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentiumpro -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Pentium II (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Celeron (Mendocino), aka Celeron1 (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Pentium III (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Celeron (Coppermine) aka Celeron2 (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Celeron (Willamette?) (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Pentium 4 (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Eden C3/Ezra (Via) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i586 -m3dnow -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i586 -m3dnow -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

quote : the ezra doesn't have any special instructions that you could optimize for, just consider is a K6-3...basically a p2 with 3dnow

K6 (AMD) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

K6-2 (AMD) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=k6-2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=k6-2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

K6-3 (AMD) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=k6-3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=k6-3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Athlon (AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=athlon -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Athlon-tbird, aka K7 (AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=athlon-tbird -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-tbird -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Athlon-tbird XP (AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Athlon 4(AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=athlon-4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Athlon XP (AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Athlon MP (AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=athlon-mp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-mp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

603 (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

603e (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

604 (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

604e (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

750 aka as G3 (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-mcpu=750 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" CXXFLAGS="-mcpu=750 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

Note: do not use -march=

7400, aka G4 (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-mcpu=7400 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec" CXXFLAGS="-mcpu=7400 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec"

Note: do not use -march=

7450, aka G4 second generation (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-mcpu=7450 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec" CXXFLAGS="-mcpu=7450 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec"

Note: do not use -march=

PowerPC (If you don't know which one) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

Sparc CHOST="sparc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Sparc 64 CHOST="sparc64-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"GCC 使用指南 GCC 使用指南 GCC 使用指南

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