問題:使用 select() 函式可以擴充套件服務端功能嗎? 如果可以,具體怎麼實現?
目前服務端的瓶頸分析
服務端大多數時候處於等待狀態,無法發揮主機(裝置)的最大效能
while (1) {
// 阻塞,等待客戶端連線
client = accept(server, (struct sockaddr*)&caddr, &asize);
printf("client: %d\n", client);
do {
// 阻塞,等待客戶端資料
r = recv(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
if (r > 0) {
printf("Receive: %s\n", buf);
if (strcmp(buf, "quit") != 0) {
len = send(client, buf, r, 0);
}
else {
break;
}
}
} while (r > 0);
close(client);
}
解決方案:阻塞變輪詢
- 通過 select() 函式首先監聽服務端 server_fd, 目標事件為 “連線”(讀)
- 當事件發生(客戶端連線),則呼叫 accept() 接受連線
- 將 client_fd 加入監聽範圍,目標事件為“資料接收”(讀)
- 迴圈檢視各個被監聽的檔案描述符是否有事件發生
實現方式
實現邏輯
while (1) {
rset = reads;
num = select(max + 1, &rset, 0, 0, &timeout);
if (num > 0) {
int i = 0;
for (i=1; i<=max; ++i) { // 注意, 0 被命令列佔用,下標從 1 開始遍歷
if (FD_ISSET(i, &rset)) {
if (i == server) {
// accept and add client to fd_set
} else {
// read data from client by i (fd)
}
}
}
}
}
實現關鍵
動態調整需要監視的檔案描述符
- 當接收到客戶端連線時,將客戶端檔案描述符加入監聽變數 (fd_set) 中
- 當發現客戶端斷開時,在監聽變數 (fd_set) 剔除客戶端檔案描述符
// 新增監聽
if (client > -1) {
FD_SET(client, &reads);
max = (client > max) ? client : max;
printf("client: %d\n", client);
}
// 剔除監聽
if (r == -1) {
FD_CLR(i, &reads);
close(i);
}
- 動態調整需要監視的檔案描述符數量
- 保證每個需要監視的檔案描述符能夠被輪詢
max = (client > max) ? client : max
程式設計實驗:改進後的服務端
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
int server_handler (int server)
{
struct sockaddr_in addr = {0};
socklen_t asize = sizeof(addr);
return accept(server, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, &asize);
}
int client_handler(int client)
{
char buf[32] = {0};
int ret = read(client, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
if (ret > 0) {
buf[ret] = 0;
printf("Receive: %s\n", buf);
if (strcmp(buf, "quit") != 0) {
ret = write(client, buf, ret);
} else {
return -1;
}
}
return ret;
}
int main()
{
int server = 0;
struct sockaddr_in saddr = {0};
int max = 0;
int num = 0;
fd_set reads = {0};
fd_set temps = {0};
struct timeval timeout = {0};
server = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (server == -1) {
printf("server socket error\n");
return -1;
}
saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
saddr.sin_port = htons(8888);
if (bind(server, (struct sockaddr*)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) == -1) {
printf("server bind error\n");
return -1;
}
if (listen(server, 1) == -1) {
printf("server listen error\n");
return -1;
}
printf("server start success\n");
FD_ZERO(&reads);
FD_SET(server, &reads);
max = server;
while (1) {
temps = reads;
timeout.tv_sec = 0;
timeout.tv_usec = 10000;
num = select(max+1, &temps, 0, 0, &timeout);
if (num > 0) {
int i = 0;
for (i=1; i<=max; ++i) {
if (FD_ISSET(i, &temps)) {
if (i == server) {
int client = server_handler(server);
if (client > -1) {
FD_SET(client, &reads);
max = (client > max) ? client : max;
printf("accept client: %d\n", client);
}
}
else {
int r = client_handler(i);
if (r == -1) {
FD_CLR(i, &reads);
close(i);
}
}
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}
思考:改進後的服務端是否還有優化的空間? select() 是 Linux() 系統特有的嗎?