前言
在Windows
上使用C++
寫專案需要控制檯顯示一些資訊,尤其一些GUI
程式。雖然自帶輸出和相關除錯函式,但總是不太方便,來回切挺麻煩的,這裡分享一下我封裝好的帶有格式化輸出的除錯控制檯供大家使用。如下是標頭檔案:
#pragma once
// 作者:WingSummer(寂靜的羽夏)
// 協議:MIT
// 作用:對除錯控制檯的封裝,僅限於 Windows 平臺
#include <Windows.h>
class CDebugConsole
{
public:
/// <summary>
/// 初始化控制檯,使用前必須執行
/// </summary>
/// <returns>成功返回 true,失敗返回 false</returns>
bool static InitConsole();
/// <summary>
/// 關閉控制檯並釋放使用的資源
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
bool static CloseConsole();
/// <summary>
/// 向控制檯輸出字串資訊
/// </summary>
/// <param name="info">想要輸出的 ASCII 字串</param>
/// <returns>成功返回 true,失敗返回 false</returns>
bool static Write(char* info);
/// <summary>
/// 向控制檯輸出字串資訊
/// </summary>
/// <param name="info">想要輸出的寬字元字串</param>
/// <returns>成功返回 true,失敗返回 false</returns>
bool static Write(wchar_t* info);
/// <summary>
/// 向控制檯輸出格式化字串資訊
/// </summary>
/// <param name="format">待格式化的 ASCII 字串</param>
/// <param name="">格式化引數</param>
/// <returns>成功返回 true,失敗返回 false</returns>
bool static WritePrintf(char* format, ...);
/// <summary>
/// 向控制檯輸出格式化字串資訊
/// </summary>
/// <param name="format">待格式化的寬字元字串</param>
/// <param name="">格式化引數</param>
/// <returns>成功返回 true,失敗返回 false</returns>
bool static WritePrintf(wchar_t* format, ...);
/// <summary>
/// 向控制檯輸出一行字串資訊
/// </summary>
/// <param name="info">想要輸出的 ASCII 字串</param>
/// <returns>成功返回 true,失敗返回 false</returns>
bool static WriteLine(char* info);
/// <summary>
/// 向控制檯輸出一行字串資訊
/// </summary>
/// <param name="info">想要輸出的寬字元字串</param>
/// <returns>成功返回 true,失敗返回 false</returns>
bool static WriteLine(wchar_t* info = L"");
/// <summary>
/// 向控制檯輸出一行格式化字串資訊
/// </summary>
/// <param name="format">待格式化的 ASCII 字串</param>
/// <param name="">成功返回 true,失敗返回 false</param>
/// <returns></returns>
bool static WritePrintfLine(char* format, ...);
/// <summary>
/// 向控制檯輸出一行格式化字串資訊
/// </summary>
/// <param name="format">待格式化的寬字元字串</param>
/// <param name="">格式化引數</param>
/// <returns>成功返回 true,失敗返回 false</returns>
bool static WritePrintfLine(wchar_t* format, ...);
/// <summary>
/// 設定控制檯置頂,只在初始化成功控制檯有效
/// </summary>
/// <param name="topmost">true 則為設定置頂,反之取消</param>
void static SetTopMost(bool topmost);
};
如下是函式實現:
// 作者:WingSummer(寂靜的羽夏)
// 協議:MIT
// 作用:對除錯控制檯的封裝,僅限於 Windows 平臺
#include "pch.h" //這個是預編譯頭,如果程式碼專案沒有就刪掉
#include "CDebugConsole.h"
#include <stdarg.h>
#define CharBufferSize 4096
#define WCharBufferSize 2048
#pragma warning(disable : 4267)
static HANDLE handle;
static void* buffer = NULL;
HWND console;
bool CDebugConsole::InitConsole()
{
if (handle)
return false;
bool status = AllocConsole();
handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
console = GetConsoleWindow();
SetWindowTextW(console, L"除錯輸出控制檯");
HMENU menu = GetSystemMenu(console, NULL);
RemoveMenu(menu, SC_CLOSE, NULL);
//申請分配一個物理頁,我不信你的字串會長於2047個
buffer = VirtualAlloc(NULL, CharBufferSize, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
return status;
}
bool CDebugConsole::CloseConsole()
{
if (buffer) VirtualFree(buffer, NULL, MEM_FREE);
bool status = FreeConsole();
handle = NULL;
console = NULL;
return status;
}
bool CDebugConsole::Write(char* info)
{
if (!handle)
return false;
return WriteConsoleA(handle, info, strlen(info), NULL, NULL);
}
bool CDebugConsole::Write(wchar_t* info)
{
if (!handle)
return false;
return WriteConsoleW(handle, info, wcslen(info), NULL, NULL);
}
bool CDebugConsole::WritePrintf(char* format, ...)
{
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, format);
int outcount = _vsnprintf_s((char*)buffer, CharBufferSize, CharBufferSize, format, ap);
if (outcount < 0 || outcount > CharBufferSize)
return false;
bool status = WriteConsoleA(handle, buffer, outcount, NULL, NULL);
va_end(ap);
return status;
}
bool CDebugConsole::WritePrintf(wchar_t* format, ...)
{
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, format);
int outcount = _vsnwprintf_s((wchar_t*)buffer, WCharBufferSize, WCharBufferSize, format, ap);
if (outcount < 0 || outcount > WCharBufferSize)
return false;
bool status = WriteConsoleW(handle, buffer, outcount, NULL, NULL);
va_end(ap);
return status;
}
bool CDebugConsole::WriteLine(char* info)
{
size_t len = strlen(info);
if (len + 1 > CharBufferSize)
{
return false;
}
memcpy_s(buffer, CharBufferSize, info, len);
char* p = (char*)buffer;
p[len] = '\n';
return WriteConsoleA(handle, buffer, len + 1, NULL, NULL);
}
bool CDebugConsole::WriteLine(wchar_t* info)
{
size_t len = wcslen(info);
if (len + 1 > WCharBufferSize)
{
return false;
}
memcpy_s(buffer, CharBufferSize, info, len * 2);
wchar_t* p = (wchar_t*)buffer;
p[len] = '\n';
return WriteConsoleW(handle, buffer, len + 1, NULL, NULL);
}
bool CDebugConsole::WritePrintfLine(char* format, ...)
{
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, format);
int outcount = _vsnprintf_s((char*)buffer, CharBufferSize, CharBufferSize, format, ap);
if (outcount < 0 || outcount > CharBufferSize - 1)
return false;
char* p = (char*)buffer;
p[outcount] = '\n';
bool status = WriteConsoleA(handle, buffer, outcount + 1, NULL, NULL);
va_end(ap);
return status;
}
bool CDebugConsole::WritePrintfLine(wchar_t* format, ...)
{
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, format);
int outcount = _vsnwprintf_s((wchar_t*)buffer, WCharBufferSize, WCharBufferSize, format, ap);
if (outcount < 0 || outcount > WCharBufferSize - 1)
return false;
wchar_t* p = (wchar_t*)buffer;
p[outcount] = '\n';
bool status = WriteConsoleW(handle, buffer, outcount + 1, NULL, NULL);
va_end(ap);
return status;
}
void CDebugConsole::SetTopMost(bool topmost)
{
if (!console)
return;
SetWindowPos(console, topmost ? HWND_TOPMOST : HWND_NOTOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOMOVE);
}
注意,由於裡面使用了WinAPI
進行封裝,故 只能在Windows
上 使用。使用上述程式碼時,請保留我的個人資訊。
後記
這個實現的原理並不難,程式碼也通俗易懂,使用函式介面註釋比較詳盡。對於C#
版本本人暫時無法寫,由於PInvoke
無法呼叫WriteConsole
函式,故本人無法封裝。如果仍想使用,可以只封裝我程式碼中的初始化控制檯和關閉控制檯以及Write
函式即可,生成Dll
,再PInvoke
,因為C#
的字串處理和格式化十分的方便,沒必要寫。希望以上程式碼對你有幫助。如下是效果: