本篇主要記錄C#操作檔案
相對路徑在專案檔案...\bin\Debug 目錄下
一、寫入讀取檔案
寫入
/// <summary> /// initial 檔案寫入 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //1.建立一個鍵值對 Dictionary<String, Dictionary<string, string>> data = new Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>>(); //2.新增資料來源 data.Add("裝置套接字", new Dictionary<string, string>() { {"ip","192.168.21.11" }, {"埠","502" } }); //3.寫入到本地 using (StreamWriter streamWriter = new StreamWriter(path,true)) { //4.迴圈寫入 foreach (string item in data.Keys) { //4.1寫入鍵 streamWriter.WriteLine($"[{item}]"); //5.寫入值 foreach (string item2 in data[item].Keys) { streamWriter.WriteLine($"{item2}={data[item][item2]}"); } } } }
讀取
/// <summary> /// initial 檔案讀取 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Dictionary<String, Dictionary<string, string>> saveData = new Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>>(); string key = null; //配置io流 using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(path,true)) { while (!reader.EndOfStream) { //讀取 string data = reader.ReadLine(); //判斷是否鍵 if (data.StartsWith("[") && data.EndsWith("]")) { key = data.Substring(1, data.Length - 2); saveData.Add(key,new Dictionary<string, string>()); } //判斷是否是值 else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(data) && !data.EndsWith(";")) { int index = data.IndexOf("="); if (index > 0) { //獲取值 saveData[key].Add(data.Substring(0,index), data.Substring(index+1)); } } } } }
二、檔案的基本操作
目錄操作
/// <summary> /// 建立目錄 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //###一.建立資料夾兩種路徑方式 //1.相對路徑地址，專案輸出路徑，在../bin/Debug目錄下 Directory.CreateDirectory("log"); //在建立的目錄中建立子目錄 Directory.CreateDirectory("log/zhangsan"); //2.絕對路徑地址，加磁碟符 //Directory.CreateDirectory("D:\\c#\\source\\test"); // ###2.判斷指定路徑下是否有該目錄 if (Directory.Exists("log")) { MessageBox.Show("存在"); } } /// <summary> /// 刪除目錄 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //刪除目錄,刪除的目錄必須為空，見構造方法 Directory.Delete("log/zhangsan",true); MessageBox.Show(Directory.Exists("log")?"刪除成功":"刪除失敗"); } /// <summary> /// 查詢子檔案 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button3_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //查詢目錄下的檔案，不是資料夾，檔案是帶字尾名的，例如：111.txt string[] files = Directory.GetFiles("log"); foreach (var item in files) { MessageBox.Show(item); } }
檔案流
// FileStream: 檔案流 Encoding encoding = Encoding.UTF8;//二進位制轉換格式 /// <summary> /// 寫入檔案 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button4_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //第一步：配置檔案操作物件 string path = "opreationLog.txt"; FileMode fileMode = FileMode.Append; FileAccess fileAccess = FileAccess.Write; //初始化IO流物件 FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(path, fileMode, fileAccess); //第二步：寫入 //TODO: 注意這裡要加入 \r 才能識別儲存換行 byte[] data = encoding.GetBytes($"{textBox1.Text}\r\n"); fileStream.Write(data,0,data.Length); //關閉IO流 fileStream.Close(); } /// <summary> /// 讀取檔案 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button5_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //第一步：配置檔案操作物件 string path = "opreationLog.txt"; FileMode fileMode = FileMode.Open; FileAccess fileAccess = FileAccess.Read; //初始化IO流物件 FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(path, fileMode, fileAccess); byte[] readBytes = new byte[1024]; fileStream.Read(readBytes, 0, 1024); textBox2.Text = encoding.GetString(readBytes); //關閉IO流 fileStream.Close(); }
序列化
/// <summary> /// 序列化匯出 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button6_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //第一步：配置檔案操作物件 string path = "save_person.txt"; FileMode fileMode = FileMode.Create; FileAccess fileAccess = FileAccess.Write; // 第二步：配置io流物件 //using自動管理關閉檔案流 using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(path, fileMode, fileAccess)) { //建立序列化物件 BinaryFormatter binary = new BinaryFormatter(); //獲取表格中的資料 List<Person> persons = new List<Person>(); Person person; for (int i = 0; i < dataGridView1.Rows.Count-1; i++) { person = new Person(); person.Id = Convert.ToInt32(dataGridView1.Rows[i].Cells[0].Value); person.Name = dataGridView1.Rows[i].Cells[1].Value.ToString(); person.Age = Convert.ToInt32(dataGridView1.Rows[i].Cells[2].Value); persons.Add(person); } //開始序列化 binary.Serialize(fileStream,persons); } } /// <summary> /// 序列化匯入 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button7_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //第一步：配置檔案操作物件 string path = "save_person.txt"; FileMode fileMode = FileMode.Open; FileAccess fileAccess = FileAccess.Read; // 第二步：配置io流物件 //using自動管理關閉檔案流 using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(path, fileMode, fileAccess)) { //建立序列化物件 BinaryFormatter binary = new BinaryFormatter(); //反序列化 Object obj = binary.Deserialize(fileStream); //轉換成集合 List<Person> people = (List<Person>)obj; //清理表格上的資料 dataGridView1.Rows.Clear(); //迴圈寫入 foreach (var item in people) { dataGridView1.Rows.Add(item.Id, item.Name, item.Age); } } } } [Serializable] class Person { }
三、CSV檔案
/// <summary> /// 匯入CSV /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //第一步：配置IO流操作物件 using (StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader("產品資料.csv")) { int index = 0; while(!streamReader.EndOfStream) { string data = streamReader.ReadLine(); string[] str = data.Split(','); //不插入表頭 if (index > 0) { dataGridView1.Rows.Add(str); } index++; } } } /// <summary> /// 匯出CSV /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //第一步：配置檔案流操作物件 using(StreamWriter streamWrite = new StreamWriter("產品資料.csv",false)) { //加入表頭 streamWrite.WriteLine($"{dataGridView1.Columns[0].HeaderText},{dataGridView1.Columns[1].HeaderText},{dataGridView1.Columns[2].HeaderText}"); //第二步：迴圈寫入 for (int i = 0; i < dataGridView1.Rows.Count -1; i++) { streamWrite.WriteLine($"{dataGridView1.Rows[i].Cells[0].Value},{dataGridView1.Rows[i].Cells[1].Value},{dataGridView1.Rows[i].Cells[2].Value}"); } } }
四、Excel
/// <summary> /// 匯出excel檔案 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //第一步：配置Excel檔案操作物件 using (XLWorkbook xl = new XLWorkbook()) { //第二步：建立工作頁 IXLWorksheet sheet = xl.AddWorksheet("產品資料頁1"); //第三步：迴圈新增資料 //寫入表頭 for (int i = 0; i < dataGridView1.Columns.Count; i++) { //注意Cell 必須從1開始，否則報錯 sheet.Cell(1, i + 1).Value = dataGridView1.Columns[i].HeaderText; } //寫入表格資料 for (int i = 0; i < dataGridView2.Rows.Count-1; i++) { //第四步：獲取第i行列的值 for (int j = 0; j < dataGridView2.Rows[i].Cells.Count; j++) { //第五步：寫入資料 sheet.Cell(i+2,j+1).Value = dataGridView2.Rows[i].Cells[j].Value.ToString(); } } //第六步：儲存到本地 xl.SaveAs("資料.xlsx"); } } /// <summary> /// 匯入Excel檔案 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //第一步：配置Excel檔案操作物件 using (XLWorkbook xl = new XLWorkbook("資料.xlsx")) { //第二步：獲取第一個sheet頁 IXLWorksheet workbook = xl.Worksheet(1); //第三步：獲取sheet頁中資料 IXLRow row; List<string> list; // 從2開始不要表頭 for (int i = 2; i <= workbook.Rows().Count(); i++) { row = workbook.Row(i); list = new List<string>(); for (int j = 1; j <= row.Cells().Count(); j++) { string data = workbook.Cell(i, j).Value.ToString(); list.Add(data); } dataGridView2.Rows.Add(list); } } }