尋找寫程式碼感覺(三)之使用 Spring Boot 編寫介面

久曲健發表於2021-08-28

一、前言

專案配置完之後,接著就是寫介面了,那我們們就開始吧。

二、專案配置補充知識點

上篇文章寫的是關於專案屬性配置的一些知識,這裡針對上次遺忘內容進行補充如下:

2.1、獲取配置檔案的值

  1. application.yml 檔案中,示例內容如下:
server:
  port: 8888
name: xiaoqiang
age: 11

注意:這裡關於yml檔案的書寫,使用@Value取值時,配置檔案的欄位一定要頂格寫,如:name: xiaoqiang因為空格會認為是某個物件的屬性,這裡一定要注意

  1. 利用@Value 註解取值

示例介面如下:


@RestController
public class HelloController {

    @Value("${name}")
    private String name;

    @GetMapping("/say")
    public String say(){
        return "hi ,"+name;
    }
}

  1. 訪問say介面,就可以獲取到值
GET http://localhost:8888/say

HTTP/1.1 200 
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 15
Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 07:33:02 GMT
Keep-Alive: timeout=60
Connection: keep-alive

hi ,xiaoqiang

2.2、使用自定義配置類

如果屬性很多,我們每個屬性都需要寫,顯得有些費事,我們可以利用自定義配置類進行獲取

  1. 修改yml 檔案
server:
  port: 8888
name: xiaoqiang
#學生物件的屬性
student:
  name: alex
  age: 18

  1. 建立Student.java

示例程式碼如下:


import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author longrong.lang
 * @version 1.0
 * @description
 * @date 2021/8/17 21:16
 */
@Data
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "student")
public class Student {
    private String name;
    private int age;
}

  1. pom檔案中引入
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
  1. 介面示例
@RestController
public class HelloController {

    @Resource
    private Student student;

    @GetMapping("/sayToStudent")
    public String sayToStudent(){
        return "hi,"+student.getName();
    }

}
  1. 驗證結果
GET http://localhost:8888/sayToStudent

HTTP/1.1 200 
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 7
Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 07:49:24 GMT
Keep-Alive: timeout=60
Connection: keep-alive

hi,alex

Response code: 200; Time: 165ms; Content length: 7 bytes

三、神祕的controller

可能很多同學會好奇,介面都在哪寫? controller裡寫呀。

3.1、關於controller

用於定義介面,是請求的入口

3.2、常用註解的使用

  • @RestController註解用於宣告返回文字資料,一般返回JSON
  • @Controller註解用於宣告返回介面
  • @RestController = @Controller + ResponseBody

3.3、介面的常用寫法及引數使用

使用不同路徑訪問同一個方法

示例程式碼如下:


        /**
         * 使用不同路徑訪問同一個方法
        * @return
        */
        @RequestMapping(method= RequestMethod.GET,value = {"/hello","/hi"})
        //@GetMapping({"/hello","/hi"})
        public String sayHello(){
                return "hello,Spring Boot!";
        }


說明:

@GetMapping("/hello")
等價於
@RequestMapping(value="/hello", method=RequestMethod.GET)

@PathVariable:的使用

示例程式碼如下:

@RestController
public class HelloController {
    /**
     * @PathVariable 使用示例
     * @param age
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/getStudentAge/{age}")
    public int getAge(@PathVariable("age") Integer age){
        return age;
    }
}

訪問http://localhost:8888/getStudentAge/111, 結果如下

GET http://localhost:8888/getStudentAge/111

HTTP/1.1 200 
Content-Type: application/json
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 08:07:18 GMT
Keep-Alive: timeout=60
Connection: keep-alive

111

Response code: 200; Time: 193ms; Content length: 3 bytes

@RequestParam的使用

正常請求,示例程式碼如下:

@RestController
public class HelloController {
    /**
     * @RequestParam使用示例
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/getStudentName")
    public String getStudentName(@RequestParam String name){
        return "name :"+name;
    }

}

訪問http://localhost:8888/getStudentName?name=111, 結果如下:

GET http://localhost:8888/getStudentName?name=111

HTTP/1.1 200 
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 9
Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 08:14:13 GMT
Keep-Alive: timeout=60
Connection: keep-alive

name :111

Response code: 200; Time: 172ms; Content length: 9 bytes

設定引數非必須的,並且設定上預設值

@RestController
public class HelloController {

    /**
     * @RequestParam 設定引數非必須的,並且設定上預設值
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/getStudentInfo")
    public String getStudentInfo(@RequestParam(value = "name",required = true,defaultValue = "rongrong") String name,@RequestParam(value = "age",required = true,defaultValue = "19")int age){
        return "name :"+name+" \t age: "+age;
    }

}

訪問http://localhost:8888/getStudentInfo?name=111&age=11, 結果如下:

GET http://localhost:8888/getStudentInfo?name=111&age=11

HTTP/1.1 200 
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 19
Date: Thu, 26 Aug 2021 08:29:12 GMT
Keep-Alive: timeout=60
Connection: keep-alive

name :111     age: 11

Response code: 200; Time: 48ms; Content length: 19 bytes

到此,Controller中介面的寫法介紹完成。

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