事件監聽(繫結)
什麼是事件?
事件是系統內發生的動作或者發生的事情。比如:使用者點選頁面上的一個按鈕。
什麼是事件監聽?
就是讓程式檢測是否有事件產生,一旦有事件觸發,就立即呼叫一個函式做出響應,也稱為註冊事件
比如:滑鼠經過的時候,彈出一個alert“滑鼠經過了~”
語法
元素物件.addEventListener('事件型別', 要執行的函式)
事件監聽三要素:
- 事件源:哪個DOM元素被觸發了
- 事件型別:什麼方式觸發?比如:點選click, 滑鼠經過mouseenter, 滑鼠離開 mouseleave
- 事件呼叫的函式:要做什麼事情
//滑鼠離開,開啟定時器
bigBox.addEventListener('mouseleave', function () {
//先關閉之前的定時器
clearInterval(timerId);
//再開啟定時器
timerId = setInterval(function () {
next.click();
}, 1000)
})
案例:隨機點名案例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
h2 {
text-align: center;
}
.box {
width: 600px;
margin: 50px auto;
display: flex;
font-size: 25px;
line-height: 40px;
}
.qs {
width: 450px;
height: 40px;
color: red;
}
.btns {
text-align: center;
}
.btns button {
width: 120px;
height: 35px;
margin: 0 50px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>隨機點名</h2>
<div class="box">
<span>名字是:</span>
<div class="qs">這裡顯示姓名</div>
</div>
<div class="btns">
<button class="start">開始</button>
<button class="end">結束</button>
</div>
<script>
// 資料陣列
let arr = ['馬超', '黃忠', '趙雲', '關羽', '張飛']
let timerId = 0;
let random = 0;
//開始按鈕模組
const start = document.querySelector(".start");
const qs = document.querySelector(".qs");
start.addEventListener("click", function () {
timerId = setInterval(function () {
random = Math.floor(Math.random() * arr.length);
qs.innerHTML = arr[random];
}, 50)
if (arr.length === 1) {
start.disabled = true;
end.disabled = true;
}
})
//結束按鈕模組
const end = document.querySelector(".end");
end.addEventListener('click', function () {
clearInterval(timerId);
arr.splice(random, 1);
console.log(arr);
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
事件型別
案例:輪播圖點選切換
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>輪播圖點選切換</title>
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.slider {
width: 560px;
height: 400px;
overflow: hidden;
}
.slider-wrapper {
width: 100%;
height: 320px;
}
.slider-wrapper img {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
display: block;
}
.slider-footer {
height: 80px;
background-color: rgb(100, 67, 68);
padding: 12px 12px 0 12px;
position: relative;
}
.slider-footer .toggle {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
top: 12px;
display: flex;
}
.slider-footer .toggle button {
margin-right: 12px;
width: 28px;
height: 28px;
appearance: none;
border: none;
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
color: #fff;
border-radius: 4px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.slider-footer .toggle button:hover {
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}
.slider-footer p {
margin: 0;
color: #fff;
font-size: 18px;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.slider-indicator {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}
.slider-indicator li {
width: 8px;
height: 8px;
margin: 4px;
border-radius: 50%;
background: #fff;
opacity: 0.4;
cursor: pointer;
}
.slider-indicator li.active {
width: 12px;
height: 12px;
opacity: 1;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="slider">
<div class="slider-wrapper">
<img src="./images/slider01.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="slider-footer">
<p>對人類來說會不會太超前了?</p>
<ul class="slider-indicator">
<li class="active"></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
</ul>
<div class="toggle">
<button class="prev"><</button>
<button class="next">></button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
// 1. 初始資料
const sliderData = [
{ url: './images/slider01.jpg', title: '對人類來說會不會太超前了?', color: 'rgb(100, 67, 68)' },
{ url: './images/slider02.jpg', title: '開啟劍與雪的黑暗傳說!', color: 'rgb(43, 35, 26)' },
{ url: './images/slider03.jpg', title: '真正的jo廚出現了!', color: 'rgb(36, 31, 33)' },
{ url: './images/slider04.jpg', title: '李玉剛:讓世界透過B站看到東方大國文化', color: 'rgb(139, 98, 66)' },
{ url: './images/slider05.jpg', title: '快來分享你的寒假日常吧~', color: 'rgb(67, 90, 92)' },
{ url: './images/slider06.jpg', title: '嗶哩嗶哩小年YEAH', color: 'rgb(166, 131, 143)' },
{ url: './images/slider07.jpg', title: '一站式解決你的電腦配置問題!!!', color: 'rgb(53, 29, 25)' },
{ url: './images/slider08.jpg', title: '誰不想和小貓咪貼貼呢!', color: 'rgb(99, 72, 114)' },
]
const img = document.querySelector(".slider-wrapper img");
const p = document.querySelector('.slider-footer p');
const prev = document.querySelector(".prev");
const next = document.querySelector(".next");
//下一頁按鈕
let i = 0;
next.addEventListener('click', function () {
i++;
//重置
if (i >= sliderData.length) {
i = 0;
}
toggle();
})
//上一頁按鈕
prev.addEventListener('click', function () {
i--;
//重置
if (i < 0) {
i = 7;
}
toggle();
})
//自動播放
let timerId = setInterval(function () {
next.click();
}, 1000)
//滑鼠經過,停止定時器
const bigBox = document.querySelector('.slider');
bigBox.addEventListener('mouseenter', function () {
clearInterval(timerId);
})
//滑鼠離開,開啟定時器
bigBox.addEventListener('mouseleave', function () {
//先關閉之前的定時器
clearInterval(timerId);
//再開啟定時器
timerId = setInterval(function () {
next.click();
}, 1000)
})
//抽取公共方法
function toggle() {
//設定圖片及標題
img.src = sliderData[i].url;
p.innerHTML = sliderData[i].title;
//設定radio
document.querySelector('.active').classList.remove('active');
document.querySelector(`.slider-indicator li:nth-child(${i + 1})`).classList.add('active');//這裡注意一下,也是i+1
//設定底部背景色
document.querySelector('.slider-footer').style.backgroundColor = sliderData[i].color;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>