STM32基於I2C協議的AHT20溫溼度測量
STM32基於I2C協議的AHT20溫溼度測量
“軟體I2C”和“硬體I2C”
I2C Bus(Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus) 最早是由Philips半導體（現被NXP收購）開發的兩線時序列匯流排，常用於微控制器與外設之間的連線。
I2C協議規定，匯流排上資料的傳輸必須以一個起始訊號作為開始條件，以一個結束訊號作為傳輸的停止條件。起始和結束訊號總是由主裝置產生。
起始和結束訊號產生條件：匯流排在空閒狀態時，SCL和SDA都保持著高電平，當SCL為高電平而SDA由高到低的跳變，表示產生一個起始條件；當SCL為高而SDA由低到高的跳變，表示產生一個停止條件。
在起始條件產生後，匯流排處於忙狀態，由本次資料傳輸的主從裝置獨佔，其他I2C器件無法訪問匯流排；而在停止條件產生後，本次資料傳輸的主從裝置將釋放匯流排，匯流排再次處於空閒狀態。
軟體I2C：
軟體I2C一般是用GPIO管腳，用軟體控制管腳狀態以模擬I2C通訊波形。
軟體I2C:
硬體I2C對應晶片上的I2C外設，有相應I2C驅動電路，其所使用的I2C管腳也是專用的
stm32f103指南者外接AHT20進行溫度採集
硬體連線：AHT20的SCL，GND，SDA，VCC分別對應接stm32f103指南者i2c模組的B6，GND，B7，5V。（GND和5V任意模組都可以）
程式碼實現
user中主要包括一下函式
各程式碼如下：
main.c
#include "delay.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "bsp_i2c.h"
int main(void)
{
delay_init();
uart_init(115200);
IIC_Init();
while(1)
{
printf("²âÁ¿¿ªÊ¼:");
read_AHT20_once();
delay_ms(1500);
}
}
delay.c
#include "delay.h"
#include "sys.h"
#if SYSTEM_SUPPORT_UCOS
#include "includes.h"
#endif
static u8 fac_us=0;
static u16 fac_ms=0;
#ifdef OS_CRITICAL_METHOD
void SysTick_Handler(void)
{
OSIntEnter();
OSTimeTick();
OSIntExit();
#endif
void delay_init()
{
#ifdef OS_CRITICAL_METHOD
u32 reload;
#endif
SysTick_CLKSourceConfig(SysTick_CLKSource_HCLK_Div8);
fac_us=SystemCoreClock/8000000;
#ifdef OS_CRITICAL_METHOD
reload=SystemCoreClock/8000000;
reload*=1000000/OS_TICKS_PER_SEC;
fac_ms=1000/OS_TICKS_PER_SEC;
SysTick->CTRL|=SysTick_CTRL_TICKINT_Msk;
SysTick->LOAD=reload;
SysTick->CTRL|=SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk;
#else
fac_ms=(u16)fac_us*1000;
#endif
}
#ifdef OS_CRITICAL_METHOD
void delay_us(u32 nus)
{
u32 ticks;
u32 told,tnow,tcnt=0;
u32 reload=SysTick->LOAD;
ticks=nus*fac_us;
tcnt=0;
told=SysTick->VAL;
while(1)
{
tnow=SysTick->VAL;
if(tnow!=told)
{
if(tnow<told)tcnt+=told-tnow;
else tcnt+=reload-tnow+told;
told=tnow;
if(tcnt>=ticks)break;
}
};
}
void delay_ms(u16 nms)
{
if(OSRunning==TRUE)
{
if(nms>=fac_ms)
{
OSTimeDly(nms/fac_ms);
}
nms%=fac_ms;
}
delay_us((u32)(nms*1000));
}
#else
void delay_us(u32 nus)
{
u32 temp;
SysTick->LOAD=nus*fac_us;
SysTick->VAL=0x00;
SysTick->CTRL|=SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk ;
do
{
temp=SysTick->CTRL;
}
while(temp&0x01&&!(temp&(1<<16)));
SysTick->CTRL&=~SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk;
SysTick->VAL =0X00;
}
void delay_ms(u16 nms)
{
u32 temp;
SysTick->LOAD=(u32)nms*fac_ms;
SysTick->VAL =0x00;
SysTick->CTRL|=SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk ;
do
{
temp=SysTick->CTRL;
}
while(temp&0x01&&!(temp&(1<<16)));
SysTick->CTRL&=~SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk;
SysTick->VAL =0X00;
}
#endif
delay.h
#ifndef __DELAY_H
#define __DELAY_H
#include "sys.h"
//
//STM32F103o?D?¡ã?¨¤y3¨¬
//?ao¡¥¨ºy¡ã?¡À?¨¤y3¨¬
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//¨º1¨®?SysTick¦Ì???¨ª¡§??¨ºy?¡ê¨º????¨®3¨´??DD1¨¹¨¤¨ª
//¡ã¨¹¨¤¡§delay_us,delay_ms
//
void delay_init(void);
void delay_ms(u16 nms);
void delay_us(u32 nus);
#endif
sys.c
#include "sys.h"
//STM32F103ºËÐÄ°åÀý³Ì
//¿âº¯Êý°æ±¾Àý³Ì
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//
//STM32¿ª·¢°å
//ϵͳÖжϷÖ×éÉèÖû¯
//********************************************************************************
void NVIC_Configuration(void)
{
NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2); //ÉèÖÃNVICÖжϷÖ×é2:2λÇÀÕ¼ÓÅÏȼ¶£¬2λÏìÓ¦ÓÅÏȼ¶
}
usart.c
#include "sys.h"
#include "usart.h"
//STM32F103ºËÐÄ°åÀý³Ì
//¿âº¯Êý°æ±¾Àý³Ì
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//
//Èç¹ûʹÓÃucos,Ôò°üÀ¨ÏÂÃæµÄÍ·Îļþ¼´¿É.
#if SYSTEM_SUPPORT_UCOS
#include "includes.h" //ucos ʹÓÃ
#endif
//
//STM32¿ª·¢°å
//´®¿Ú1³õʼ»¯
//
//
//¼ÓÈëÒÔÏ´úÂë,Ö§³Öprintfº¯Êý,¶ø²»ÐèҪѡÔñuse MicroLIB
#if 1
#pragma import(__use_no_semihosting)
//±ê×¼¿âÐèÒªµÄÖ§³Öº¯Êý
struct __FILE
{
int handle;
};
FILE __stdout;
//¶¨Òå_sys_exit()ÒÔ±ÜÃâʹÓðëÖ÷»úģʽ
void _sys_exit(int x)
{
x = x;
}
//Öض¨Òåfputcº¯Êý
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
while((USART1->SR&0X40)==0);//Ñ»··¢ËÍ,Ö±µ½·¢ËÍÍê±Ï
USART1->DR = (u8) ch;
return ch;
}
#endif
/*ʹÓÃmicroLibµÄ·½·¨*/
/*
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
USART_SendData(USART1, (uint8_t) ch);
while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET) {}
return ch;
}
int GetKey (void) {
while (!(USART1->SR & USART_FLAG_RXNE));
return ((int)(USART1->DR & 0x1FF));
}
*/
#if EN_USART1_RX //Èç¹ûʹÄÜÁ˽ÓÊÕ
//´®¿Ú1ÖжϷþÎñ³ÌÐò
//×¢Òâ,¶ÁÈ¡USARTx->SRÄܱÜÃâĪÃûÆäÃîµÄ´íÎó
u8 USART_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN]; //½ÓÊÕ»º³å,×î´óUSART_REC_LEN¸ö×Ö½Ú.
//½ÓÊÕ״̬
//bit15£¬ ½ÓÊÕÍê³É±êÖ¾
//bit14£¬ ½ÓÊÕµ½0x0d
//bit13~0£¬ ½ÓÊÕµ½µÄÓÐЧ×Ö½ÚÊýÄ¿
u16 USART_RX_STA=0; //½ÓÊÕ״̬±ê¼Ç
void uart_init(u32 bound){
//GPIO¶Ë¿ÚÉèÖÃ
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1|RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE); //ʹÄÜUSART1£¬GPIOAʱÖÓ
//USART1_TX PA.9
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9; //PA.9
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP; //¸´ÓÃÍÆÍìÊä³ö
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
//USART1_RX PA.10
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;//¸¡¿ÕÊäÈë
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
//Usart1 NVIC ÅäÖÃ
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=3 ;//ÇÀÕ¼ÓÅÏȼ¶3
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 3; //×ÓÓÅÏȼ¶3
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE; //IRQͨµÀʹÄÜ
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure); //¸ù¾ÝÖ¸¶¨µÄ²ÎÊý³õʼ»¯VIC¼Ä´æÆ÷
//USART ³õʼ»¯ÉèÖÃ
USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = bound;//Ò»°ãÉèÖÃΪ9600;
USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;//×Ö³¤Îª8λÊý¾Ý¸ñʽ
USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;//Ò»¸öֹͣλ
USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;//ÎÞÆæżУÑéλ
USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;//ÎÞÓ²¼þÊý¾ÝÁ÷¿ØÖÆ
USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx; //ÊÕ·¢Ä£Ê½
USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure); //³õʼ»¯´®¿Ú
USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);//¿ªÆôÖжÏ
USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE); //ʹÄÜ´®¿Ú
}
void USART1_IRQHandler(void) //´®¿Ú1ÖжϷþÎñ³ÌÐò
{
u8 Res;
#ifdef OS_TICKS_PER_SEC //Èç¹ûʱÖÓ½ÚÅÄÊý¶¨ÒåÁË,˵Ã÷ҪʹÓÃucosIIÁË.
OSIntEnter();
#endif
if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET) //½ÓÊÕÖжÏ(½ÓÊÕµ½µÄÊý¾Ý±ØÐëÊÇ0x0d 0x0a½áβ)
{
Res =USART_ReceiveData(USART1);//(USART1->DR); //¶ÁÈ¡½ÓÊÕµ½µÄÊý¾Ý
if((USART_RX_STA&0x8000)==0)//½ÓÊÕδÍê³É
{
if(USART_RX_STA&0x4000)//½ÓÊÕµ½ÁË0x0d
{
if(Res!=0x0a)USART_RX_STA=0;//½ÓÊÕ´íÎó,ÖØпªÊ¼
else USART_RX_STA|=0x8000; //½ÓÊÕÍê³ÉÁË
}
else //»¹Ã»ÊÕµ½0X0D
{
if(Res==0x0d)USART_RX_STA|=0x4000;
else
{
USART_RX_BUF[USART_RX_STA&0X3FFF]=Res ;
USART_RX_STA++;
if(USART_RX_STA>(USART_REC_LEN-1))USART_RX_STA=0;//½ÓÊÕÊý¾Ý´íÎó,ÖØпªÊ¼½ÓÊÕ
}
}
}
}
#ifdef OS_TICKS_PER_SEC //Èç¹ûʱÖÓ½ÚÅÄÊý¶¨ÒåÁË,˵Ã÷ҪʹÓÃucosIIÁË.
OSIntExit();
#endif
}
#endif
usart.h
#ifndef __USART_H
#define __USART_H
#include "stdio.h"
#include "sys.h"
//STM32F103ºËÐÄ°åÀý³Ì
//¿âº¯Êý°æ±¾Àý³Ì
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//
//STM32¿ª·¢°å
//´®¿Ú1³õʼ»¯
#define USART_REC_LEN 200 //¶¨Òå×î´ó½ÓÊÕ×Ö½ÚÊý 200
#define EN_USART1_RX 1 //ʹÄÜ£¨1£©/½ûÖ¹£¨0£©´®¿Ú1½ÓÊÕ
extern u8 USART_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN]; //½ÓÊÕ»º³å,×î´óUSART_REC_LEN¸ö×Ö½Ú.Ä©×Ö½ÚΪ»»Ðзû
extern u16 USART_RX_STA; //½ÓÊÕ״̬±ê¼Ç
//Èç¹ûÏë´®¿ÚÖжϽÓÊÕ£¬Ç벻ҪעÊÍÒÔϺ궨Òå
void uart_init(u32 bound);
#endif
bsp_i2c.c
#include "bsp_i2c.h"
#include "delay.h"
uint8_t ack_status=0;
uint8_t readByte[6];
uint8_t AHT20_status=0;
uint32_t H1=0; //Humility
uint32_t T1=0; //Temperature
uint8_t AHT20_OutData[4];
uint8_t AHT20sendOutData[10] = {0xFA, 0x06, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF};
void IIC_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd( RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE );
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6|GPIO_Pin_7;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP ; //ÍÆÍìÊä³ö
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
IIC_SCL=1;
IIC_SDA=1;
}
void IIC_Start(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SDA=1;
IIC_SCL=1;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SDA=0;//START:when CLK is high,DATA change form high to low
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL=0;
}
void IIC_Stop(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL=0;
IIC_SDA=0;//STOP:when CLK is high DATA change form low to high
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL=1;
IIC_SDA=1;
delay_us(4);
}
u8 IIC_Wait_Ack(void)
{
u8 ucErrTime=0;
SDA_IN();
IIC_SDA=1;delay_us(1);
IIC_SCL=1;delay_us(1);
while(READ_SDA)
{
ucErrTime++;
if(ucErrTime>250)
{
IIC_Stop();
return 1;
}
}
IIC_SCL=0;
return 0;
}
void IIC_Ack(void)
{
IIC_SCL=0;
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SDA=0;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=0;
}
//²»²úÉúACKÓ¦´ð
void IIC_NAck(void)
{
IIC_SCL=0;
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SDA=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=0;
}
void IIC_Send_Byte(u8 txd)
{
u8 t;
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL=0;
for(t=0;t<8;t++)
{
IIC_SDA=(txd&0x80)>>7;
txd<<=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=0;
delay_us(2);
}
}
u8 IIC_Read_Byte(unsigned char ack)
{
unsigned char i,receive=0;
SDA_IN();
for(i=0;i<8;i++ )
{
IIC_SCL=0;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=1;
receive<<=1;
if(READ_SDA)receive++;
delay_us(1);
}
if (!ack)
IIC_NAck();
else
IIC_Ack();
return receive;
}
void IIC_WriteByte(uint16_t addr,uint8_t data,uint8_t device_addr)
{
IIC_Start();
if(device_addr==0xA0)
IIC_Send_Byte(0xA0 + ((addr/256)<<1));
else
IIC_Send_Byte(device_addr);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Send_Byte(addr&0xFF);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Send_Byte(data);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Stop();
if(device_addr==0xA0)
delay_ms(10);
else
delay_us(2);
}
uint16_t IIC_ReadByte(uint16_t addr,uint8_t device_addr,uint8_t ByteNumToRead)
{
uint16_t data;
IIC_Start();
if(device_addr==0xA0)
IIC_Send_Byte(0xA0 + ((addr/256)<<1));
else
IIC_Send_Byte(device_addr);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Send_Byte(addr&0xFF);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Start();
IIC_Send_Byte(device_addr+1);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
if(ByteNumToRead == 1)
{
data=IIC_Read_Byte(0);
}
else
{
data=IIC_Read_Byte(1);
data=(data<<8)+IIC_Read_Byte(0);
}
IIC_Stop();//²úÉúÒ»¸öÍ£Ö¹Ìõ¼þ
return data;
}
void read_AHT20_once(void)
{
delay_ms(10);
startMeasure_AHT20();
delay_ms(80);
read_AHT20();
delay_ms(5);
}
void startMeasure_AHT20(void)
{
I2C_Start();
I2C_WriteByte(0x70);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
if(ack_status);
else printf("7-n-");
I2C_WriteByte(0xAC);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
if(ack_status);
else printf("8-n-");
I2C_WriteByte(0x33);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
if(ack_status);
else printf("9-n-");
I2C_WriteByte(0x00);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
if(ack_status);
else printf("10-n-");
I2C_Stop();
}
void read_AHT20(void)
{
uint8_t i;
for(i=0; i<6; i++)
{
readByte[i]=0;
}
I2C_Start();
I2C_WriteByte(0x71);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
readByte[0]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[1]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[2]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[3]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[4]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[5]= I2C_ReadByte();
SendNot_Ack();
//Send_ACK();
I2C_Stop();
if( (readByte[0] & 0x68) == 0x08 )
{
H1 = readByte[1];
H1 = (H1<<8) | readByte[2];
H1 = (H1<<8) | readByte[3];
H1 = H1>>4;
H1 = (H1*1000)/1024/1024;
T1 = readByte[3];
T1 = T1 & 0x0000000F;
T1 = (T1<<8) | readByte[4];
T1 = (T1<<8) | readByte[5];
T1 = (T1*2000)/1024/1024 - 500;
AHT20_OutData[0] = (H1>>8) & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[1] = H1 & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[2] = (T1>>8) & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[3] = T1 & 0x000000FF;
}
else
{
AHT20_OutData[0] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[1] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[2] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[3] = 0xFF;
printf("ʧ°ÜÁË");
}
printf("\r\n");
printf("µ±Ç°Î¶È: %d%d.%d",T1/100,(T1/10)%10,T1%10);
printf("\r\n");
printf("µ±Ç°Êª¶È: %d%d.%d",H1/100,(H1/10)%10,H1%10);
printf("\r\n");
}
uint8_t Receive_ACK(void)
{
uint8_t result=0;
uint8_t cnt=0;
IIC_SCL = 0;
SDA_IN();
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_us(4);
while(READ_SDA && (cnt<100))
{
cnt++;
}
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
if(cnt<100)
{
result=1;
}
return result;
}
void Send_ACK(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SDA = 0;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
SDA_IN();
}
void SendNot_Ack(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SDA = 1;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SDA = 0;
delay_us(4);
}
void I2C_WriteByte(uint8_t input)
{
uint8_t i;
SDA_OUT();
for(i=0; i<8; i++)
{
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_ms(5);
if(input & 0x80)
{
IIC_SDA = 1;
//delaymm(10);
}
else
{
IIC_SDA = 0;
//delaymm(10);
}
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_ms(5);
input = (input<<1);
}
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
SDA_IN();
delay_us(4);
}
uint8_t I2C_ReadByte(void)
{
uint8_t resultByte=0;
uint8_t i=0, a=0;
IIC_SCL = 0;
SDA_IN();
delay_ms(4);
for(i=0; i<8; i++)
{
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_ms(3);
a=0;
if(READ_SDA)
{
a=1;
}
else
{
a=0;
}
//resultByte = resultByte | a;
resultByte = (resultByte << 1) | a;
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_ms(3);
}
SDA_IN();
delay_ms(10);
return resultByte;
}
void set_AHT20sendOutData(void)
{
AHT20sendOutData[3] = AHT20_OutData[0];
AHT20sendOutData[4] = AHT20_OutData[1];
AHT20sendOutData[5] = AHT20_OutData[2];
AHT20sendOutData[6] = AHT20_OutData[3];
}
void I2C_Start(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SDA = 1;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SDA = 0;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_ms(4);
}
void I2C_Stop(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SDA = 0;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SDA = 1;
delay_ms(4);
}
最後燒錄進STM32後，開啟串列埠助手，顯示如下：
參考來源：
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44644740/article/details/111438651
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