一.關於檔案伺服器
在一個專案中，如果想把公共軟體或者資料共享給專案組成員，可以搭建一個簡易的檔案伺服器來實現，只要是在區域網內的成員都可以通過瀏覽器或者wget命令來下載和訪問資料。可以達到資訊共享，軟體版本一致的效果。本文講述在linux環境下使用Apache服務搭建檔案伺服器。
二.使用Apache搭建檔案伺服器
1.Apache服務在linux環境下的程式叫做httpd，所以首先安裝httpd服務，如果配置好了yum源的話，直接使用yum命令安裝,如果沒有配置好yum源的話，可以參考部落格“linux 配置本地yum源，配置國內yum源，配置epel源”進行配置，網址為：https://www.cnblogs.com/renshengdezheli/p/13949693.html
[root@node5 ~]# yum -y install httpd
2.啟動httpd服務
#啟動httpd服務
[root@node5 ~]# systemctl start httpd
#檢視httpd服務狀態
[root@node5 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-12-17 16:26:05 CST; 7s ago
Docs: man:httpd(8)
man:apachectl(8)
Main PID: 98576 (httpd)
Status: "Processing requests..."
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─98576 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─98577 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─98578 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─98579 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─98580 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
└─98581 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
Dec 17 16:26:05 node5 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Dec 17 16:26:05 node5 httpd[98576]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.110.184. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to su...ss this message
Dec 17 16:26:05 node5 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
#檢視Apache版本
[root@node5 ~]# httpd -version
Server version: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
Server built: Nov 16 2020 16:18:20
3.檢視IP地址，訪問Apache頁面
#可以看到本機IP地址為192.168.110.184
[root@node5 soft]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.110.184 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.110.255
ether 00:0c:29:11:c4:4a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 24682 bytes 13301526 (12.6 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 4 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 15119 bytes 2166095 (2.0 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 2402 bytes 221903 (216.7 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 2402 bytes 221903 (216.7 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
在瀏覽器裡訪問http://192.168.110.184/，如果出現如下介面說明Apache服務安裝成功
4.建立共享目錄/opt/soft，把需要共享的檔案都放在這個目錄
[root@node5 soft]# mkdir /opt/soft
#此命令把系統所有的tar.gz的壓縮包都放在共享目錄裡
[root@node5 soft]# find / -name "*.tar.gz" -exec mv {} /opt/soft \;
[root@node5 soft]# ls /opt/soft/
amhello-1.0.tar.gz elasticsearch-6.2.2.tar.gz FastDFS_v5.08.tar.gz kibana-6.2.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz nginx-1.19.3.tar.gz ntp-4.2.6p5.tar.gz tomcat-native.tar.gz
apache-tomcat-8.0.51.tar.gz fastdfs_client_java._v1.25.tar.gz findfile.tar.gz libopts-40.0.15.tar.gz nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz rarlinux-3.8.0.tar.gz 餅乾.txt
commons-daemon-native.tar.gz fastdfs-nginx-module_v1.16.tar.gz jdk-8u172-linux-x64.tar.gz nginx-1.10.0.tar.gz ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz today_db.tar.gz
5.因為訪問Apache頁面預設讀取的是/var/www/html/頁面，所以把共享目錄連結到/var/www/html/下就可以了
[root@node5 ~]# ln -s /opt/soft /var/www/html/file
[root@node5 ~]# ll /var/www/html/file
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Dec 17 16:29 /var/www/html/file -> /opt/soft
6.重啟Apache服務，檢視頁面
[root@node5 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
使用瀏覽器訪問http://192.168.110.184/file/，如果出現如下介面，就說明檔案伺服器搭建好了
7.通過網頁我們發現中文是亂碼，可以修改配置檔案使中文正常顯示
#在Apache配置檔案的末尾追加一行
[root@node5 ~]# echo "IndexOptions Charset=UTF-8" >> /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@node5 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
再次訪問網頁http://192.168.110.184/file/，發現頁面的中文正常顯示了
三.測試檔案伺服器是否可用
1.在windows上使用瀏覽器訪問http://192.168.110.184/file/，如果頁面可以開啟，並且點選軟體會自動下載，說明通過windows下載檔案成功。
2.在區域網內的另外一臺linux機器上測試是否可以下載檔案
#首先在node8機器上使用root賬戶測試下載檔案
#使用wget命令下載檔案
[root@node8 ~]# wget http://192.168.110.184/file/餅乾.txt
--2020-12-17 16:53:00-- http://192.168.110.184/file/%E9%A5%BC%E5%B9%B2.txt
Connecting to 192.168.110.184:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1181 (1.2K) [text/plain]
Saving to: ‘餅乾.txt’
100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 1,181 --.-K/s in 0s
2020-12-17 16:53:00 (130 MB/s) - ‘餅乾.txt’ saved [1181/1181]
[root@node8 ~]# wget http://192.168.110.184/file/today_db.tar.gz
--2020-12-17 16:53:26-- http://192.168.110.184/file/today_db.tar.gz
Connecting to 192.168.110.184:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 767 [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘today_db.tar.gz’
100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 767 --.-K/s in 0s
2020-12-17 16:53:26 (268 MB/s) - ‘today_db.tar.gz’ saved [767/767]
#發現檔案能正常下載
[root@node8 ~]# ls 餅乾.txt today_db.tar.gz
today_db.tar.gz 餅乾.txt
#使用node8機器上的普通賬戶file1測試下載檔案
[root@node8 ~]# useradd file1
[root@node8 ~]# echo "123456" | passwd --stdin file1
Changing password for user file1.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@node8 ~]# su - file1
[file1@node8 ~]$ pwd
/home/file1
[file1@node8 ~]$ ls
[file1@node8 ~]$ wget http://192.168.110.184/file/餅乾.txt
--2020-12-17 17:44:10-- http://192.168.110.184/file/%E9%A5%BC%E5%B9%B2.txt
Connecting to 192.168.110.184:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1181 (1.2K) [text/plain]
Saving to: ‘餅乾.txt’
100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 1,181 --.-K/s in 0s
2020-12-17 17:44:10 (254 MB/s) - ‘餅乾.txt’ saved [1181/1181]
[file1@node8 ~]$ wget http://192.168.110.184/file/today_db.tar.gz
--2020-12-17 17:44:20-- http://192.168.110.184/file/today_db.tar.gz
Connecting to 192.168.110.184:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 767 [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘today_db.tar.gz’
100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 767 --.-K/s in 0s
2020-12-17 17:44:20 (216 MB/s) - ‘today_db.tar.gz’ saved [767/767]
#發現能正常下載檔案
[file1@node8 ~]$ ls
today_db.tar.gz 餅乾.txt
自此檔案伺服器搭建成功，功能正常。