可以直接到MongoDB官網docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/i...根據樣板安裝：，可根據自己的電腦作業系統下載對應的版本，我下載的是mongodb-linux-x86_64-4.0.0.tgz安裝包，不過也可以直接點選下面這個連結直接下載 fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-l...，即
wget https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-4.0.0.tgz下載完畢後解壓縮
[root@master dgm]# tar -zxf mongodb-linux-x86_64-4.0.0.tgz名字那麼長，可以進行重新命名：
[root@master dgm]# mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-4.0.0 mongodb
進入到mongodb主目錄下：
cd mongodb分別建配置檔案、資料目錄、日誌檔案
建立配置檔案
vim mongodb.conf鍵入以下內容
#埠號
port=27017
#db目錄
dbpath=/dgm/mongodb/data/db
#日誌目錄
logpath=/dgm/mongodb/logs/mongodb.log
#後臺
fork=true
#日誌輸出
logappend=true
#允許遠端IP連線
bind_ip=0.0.0.0
注意路徑根據自己電腦的實際情況填寫
建立資料目錄和日誌檔案
[root@master mongodb]# mkdir -p data/db logs
[root@master mongodb]# touch logs/mongodb.log
編輯環境配置
vim /etc/profile追加以下內容：
切記路徑按實際情況寫
source /etc/profile啟動mongodb測試
[root@master mongodb]# mongod --config mongodb.conf
最後連線測試
[root@master mongodb]# mongo
為了安全起見，我們需要設定相應的使用者名稱和密碼。
建立資料庫系統管理員
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.createUser({ user: "admin", pwd: "12345678", roles: [{ role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" }] })
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
> db.auth("admin", "12345678")
1
修改mongodb配置追加認證標誌
## 是否以安全認證方式執行，預設是不認證的非安全方式
#noauth = true
auth = true
然後重啟mongodb服務
再次通過shell進入mongodb，建立需要管理的mongodb 資料的賬號密碼，此處是庫是douyin，使用者名稱是root，密碼87654321
[root@master mongorest]# mongo
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.auth("admin", "12345678")
1
> use douyin
switched to db douyin
> db.createUser({ user: "root", pwd: "87654321", roles: [{ role: "dbOwner", db: "douyin" }] })
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "root",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "dbOwner",
"db" : "douyin"
}
]
}
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.system.users.find()
{ "_id" : "admin.admin", "user" : "admin", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "Qp+6YETcIsDyrPPwQVtWHQ==", "storedKey" : "0X27QePHJknrd+5qg4Ai5TeEWjg=", "serverKey" : "ZYRXkrQfJY875GC1qf76xAmBFow=" }, "SCRAM-SHA-256" : { "iterationCount" : 15000, "salt" : "E3LYqVegf93pTNjwNqXh4Gy8zQ1qNXXz0HtHHw==", "storedKey" : "yUZq7I9/w8Kf6fLu6Q8OqJcKNv77KUDmvGo4gEGi5ng=", "serverKey" : "+sNL0T/gfa+B+HoNSeid+HCC7OulvZlvSi2FDtE3wfk=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] }
{ "_id" : "douyin.root", "user" : "root", "db" : "douyin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "gVHTUMMMC38slLBW15kxPw==", "storedKey" : "591b17pCtkEZcVXf7ZO/Ll4DPAs=", "serverKey" : "vd5w+StBi9eXfViwWY30tc66lmo=" }, "SCRAM-SHA-256" : { "iterationCount" : 15000, "salt" : "2CHwq56N9MLts2v+PSqN3qs6tpWX1BKHY0aTDA==", "storedKey" : "2v5I/nnNoGVst2tTljoQs34z7bDNZS4euv6nAFZGxyc=", "serverKey" : "/F2xcR86DH4ErEEEbDyprmm1ttnl1o6sniWrj3vjjTY=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "dbOwner", "db" : "douyin" } ] }
> exit
測試密碼許可權是否生效
先看失敗的嘗試案例
[root@master mongorest]# mongo
MongoDB shell version v4.0.0
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017
MongoDB server version: 4.0.0
> use douyin
switched to db douyin
> show collections
Warning: unable to run listCollections, attempting to approximate collection names by parsing connectionStatus
> db.douyin.find()
Error: error: {
"ok" : 0,
"errmsg" : "command find requires authentication",
"code" : 13,
"codeName" : "Unauthorized"
}
>
再看成功的案例
[root@master mongorest]# mongo "mongodb://root:87654321@127.0.0.1:27017/douyin"
MongoDB shell version v4.0.0
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/douyin
MongoDB server version: 4.0.0
> show collections
douyin
> db.douyin.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f083625b8b307c7e889f276") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f08365cb8b307c7e889f277"), "name" : "dongguangming", "age" : 31 }
>
很好，許可權認證通過了，可以查詢資料記錄
2.1 增加書籍介面
新建go檔案mongdb-add.go，鍵入以下程式碼
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"log"
"net/http"
"goji.io"
"goji.io/pat"
"gopkg.in/mgo.v2"
)
func ErrorWithJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, message string, code int) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
w.WriteHeader(code)
fmt.Fprintf(w, "{message: %q}", message)
}
func ResponseWithJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, json []byte, code int) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
w.WriteHeader(code)
w.Write(json)
}
type Book struct {
ISBN string `json:"isbn"`
Title string `json:"title"`
Authors []string `json:"authors"`
Price string `json:"price"`
}
func main() {
session, err := mgo.Dial("mongodb://root:87654321@127.0.0.1:27017/douyin")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer session.Close()
session.SetMode(mgo.Monotonic, true)
ensureIndex(session)
mux := goji.NewMux()
mux.HandleFunc(pat.Post("/books"), addBook(session))
http.ListenAndServe("192.168.8.200:8888", mux)
}
func ensureIndex(s *mgo.Session) {
session := s.Copy()
defer session.Close()
c := session.DB("douyin").C("books")
index := mgo.Index{
Key: []string{"isbn"},
Unique: true,
DropDups: true,
Background: true,
Sparse: true,
}
err := c.EnsureIndex(index)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
}
func addBook(s *mgo.Session) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
session := s.Copy()
defer session.Close()
var book Book
decoder := json.NewDecoder(r.Body)
err := decoder.Decode(&book)
if err != nil {
ErrorWithJSON(w, "資料格式不對", http.StatusBadRequest)
return
}
c := session.DB("douyin").C("books")
err = c.Insert(book)
if err != nil {
if mgo.IsDup(err) {
ErrorWithJSON(w, "書的isbn已存在", http.StatusBadRequest)
return
}
ErrorWithJSON(w, "伺服器錯誤", http.StatusInternalServerError)
log.Println("新增書失敗！！！: ", err)
return
}
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
w.Header().Set("Location", r.URL.Path+"/"+book.ISBN)
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
}
}
然後就就執行以上程式，
go run mongdb-add.go開啟postman測試
查詢資料庫是否已存在
2.2 查詢單書籍介面
新建go檔案mongdb-select.go，鍵入以下程式碼
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"log"
"net/http"
"goji.io"
"goji.io/pat"
"gopkg.in/mgo.v2"
"gopkg.in/mgo.v2/bson"
)
func ErrorWithJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, message string, code int) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
w.WriteHeader(code)
fmt.Fprintf(w, "{message: %q}", message)
}
func ResponseWithJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, json []byte, code int) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
w.WriteHeader(code)
w.Write(json)
}
type Book struct {
ISBN string `json:"isbn"`
Title string `json:"title"`
Authors []string `json:"authors"`
Price string `json:"price"`
}
func main() {
session, err := mgo.Dial("mongodb://root:87654321@127.0.0.1:27017/douyin")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer session.Close()
session.SetMode(mgo.Monotonic, true)
ensureIndex(session)
mux := goji.NewMux()
mux.HandleFunc(pat.Get("/books/:isbn"), bookByISBN(session))
http.ListenAndServe("192.168.8.200:8888", mux)
}
func ensureIndex(s *mgo.Session) {
session := s.Copy()
defer session.Close()
c := session.DB("douyin").C("books")
index := mgo.Index{
Key: []string{"isbn"},
Unique: true,
DropDups: true,
Background: true,
Sparse: true,
}
err := c.EnsureIndex(index)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
}
func bookByISBN(s *mgo.Session) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
session := s.Copy()
defer session.Close()
isbn := pat.Param(r, "isbn")
c := session.DB("store").C("books")
var book Book
err := c.Find(bson.M{"isbn": isbn}).One(&book)
if err != nil {
ErrorWithJSON(w, "資料庫錯誤", http.StatusInternalServerError)
log.Println("查詢isbn的書失敗: ", err)
return
}
if book.ISBN == "" {
ErrorWithJSON(w, "書不存在", http.StatusNotFound)
return
}
respBody, err := json.MarshalIndent(book, "", " ")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
ResponseWithJSON(w, respBody, http.StatusOK)
}
}
執行程式
go run mongdb-select.go繼續用postman測試介面
2.3 修改單書籍介面
新建go檔案mongdb-update.go，鍵入以下程式碼
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"log"
"net/http"
"goji.io"
"goji.io/pat"
"gopkg.in/mgo.v2"
"gopkg.in/mgo.v2/bson"
)
func ErrorWithJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, message string, code int) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
w.WriteHeader(code)
fmt.Fprintf(w, "{message: %q}", message)
}
func ResponseWithJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, json []byte, code int) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
w.WriteHeader(code)
w.Write(json)
}
type Book struct {
ISBN string `json:"isbn"`
Title string `json:"title"`
Authors []string `json:"authors"`
Price string `json:"price"`
}
func main() {
session, err := mgo.Dial("mongodb://root:87654321@127.0.0.1:27017/douyin")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer session.Close()
session.SetMode(mgo.Monotonic, true)
ensureIndex(session)
mux := goji.NewMux()
mux.HandleFunc(pat.Put("/books/:isbn"), updateBook(session))
http.ListenAndServe("192.168.8.200:8888", mux)
}
func ensureIndex(s *mgo.Session) {
session := s.Copy()
defer session.Close()
c := session.DB("douyin").C("books")
index := mgo.Index{
Key: []string{"isbn"},
Unique: true,
DropDups: true,
Background: true,
Sparse: true,
}
err := c.EnsureIndex(index)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
}
func updateBook(s *mgo.Session) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
session := s.Copy()
defer session.Close()
isbn := pat.Param(r, "isbn")
var book Book
decoder := json.NewDecoder(r.Body)
err := decoder.Decode(&book)
if err != nil {
ErrorWithJSON(w, "Incorrect body", http.StatusBadRequest)
return
}
c := session.DB("douyin").C("books")
err = c.Update(bson.M{"isbn": isbn}, &book)
if err != nil {
switch err {
default:
ErrorWithJSON(w, "Database error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
log.Println("Failed update book: ", err)
return
case mgo.ErrNotFound:
ErrorWithJSON(w, "Book not found", http.StatusNotFound)
return
}
}
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
}
}
執行以上程式
go run mongdb-update.gopostman繼續測試
再此查詢isbn為1234567890的資訊
2.4 查詢所有書籍介面
新建go檔案mongdb-all.go，鍵入以下程式碼
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"log"
"net/http"
"goji.io"
"goji.io/pat"
"gopkg.in/mgo.v2"
"gopkg.in/mgo.v2/bson"
)
func ErrorWithJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, message string, code int) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
w.WriteHeader(code)
fmt.Fprintf(w, "{message: %q}", message)
}
func ResponseWithJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, json []byte, code int) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
w.WriteHeader(code)
w.Write(json)
}
type Book struct {
ISBN string `json:"isbn"`
Title string `json:"title"`
Authors []string `json:"authors"`
Price string `json:"price"`
}
func main() {
session, err := mgo.Dial("mongodb://root:87654321@127.0.0.1:27017/douyin")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer session.Close()
session.SetMode(mgo.Monotonic, true)
ensureIndex(session)
mux := goji.NewMux()
mux.HandleFunc(pat.Get("/books"), allBooks(session))
http.ListenAndServe("192.168.8.200:8889", mux)
}
func ensureIndex(s *mgo.Session) {
session := s.Copy()
defer session.Close()
c := session.DB("douyin").C("books")
index := mgo.Index{
Key: []string{"isbn"},
Unique: true,
DropDups: true,
Background: true,
Sparse: true,
}
err := c.EnsureIndex(index)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
}
func allBooks(s *mgo.Session) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
session := s.Copy()
defer session.Close()
c := session.DB("douyin").C("books")
var books []Book
err := c.Find(bson.M{}).All(&books)
if err != nil {
ErrorWithJSON(w, "Database error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
log.Println("Failed get all books: ", err)
return
}
respBody, err := json.MarshalIndent(books, "", " ")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
ResponseWithJSON(w, respBody, http.StatusOK)
}
}
執行該程式
go run mongdb-all.go開啟postman或瀏覽器
2.5 刪除單書籍介面
新建go檔案mongdb-delete.go（根據isbn編號），鍵入以下程式碼
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"net/http"
"goji.io"
"goji.io/pat"
"gopkg.in/mgo.v2"
"gopkg.in/mgo.v2/bson"
)
func ErrorWithJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, message string, code int) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
w.WriteHeader(code)
fmt.Fprintf(w, "{message: %q}", message)
}
func ResponseWithJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, json []byte, code int) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
w.WriteHeader(code)
w.Write(json)
}
type Book struct {
ISBN string `json:"isbn"`
Title string `json:"title"`
Authors []string `json:"authors"`
Price string `json:"price"`
}
func main() {
session, err := mgo.Dial("mongodb://root:87654321@127.0.0.1:27017/douyin")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer session.Close()
session.SetMode(mgo.Monotonic, true)
ensureIndex(session)
mux := goji.NewMux()
mux.HandleFunc(pat.Delete("/books/:isbn"), deleteBook(session))
http.ListenAndServe("192.168.8.200:8889", mux)
}
func ensureIndex(s *mgo.Session) {
session := s.Copy()
defer session.Close()
c := session.DB("douyin").C("books")
index := mgo.Index{
Key: []string{"isbn"},
Unique: true,
DropDups: true,
Background: true,
Sparse: true,
}
err := c.EnsureIndex(index)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
}
func deleteBook(s *mgo.Session) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
session := s.Copy()
defer session.Close()
isbn := pat.Param(r, "isbn")
c := session.DB("douyin").C("books")
err := c.Remove(bson.M{"isbn": isbn})
if err != nil {
switch err {
default:
ErrorWithJSON(w, "Database error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
log.Println("Failed delete book: ", err)
return
case mgo.ErrNotFound:
ErrorWithJSON(w, "Book not found", http.StatusNotFound)
return
}
}
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
}
}
執行以上程式
go run mongdb-delete.go用postman測試刪除
然後去資料庫檢視是否還有該isbn為1234567890的書籍
最後加上一點，mongodb和其他資料庫mysql、postgresql一樣面臨資料多需要分頁的情況，類比2012年做的車輛GPS+3G視訊監控排程系統（每輛車只要一啟動開火，就會產生大量的視訊資料，一執行，就會產生很多的gps資料上傳到資料中心，可以通過系統實時檢視車上的視訊情況和執行軌跡），被央視廣泛宣傳推廣。資料量不是一般的多！！！視訊資料還好，一會月沒有盜竊案件事件就刪除了（那時沒有大資料的理念，也沒有用人工智慧訓練資料的初衷，並沒有存下來，且儲存和記憶體還是很貴的，不像現在伺服器幾十上百G記憶體、儲存空間以T為單位），可每輛車每天的gps資料卻是長久儲存的，要是哪天想回看在地圖上的歷史軌跡，就要從很多資料裡檢索，有點像後來衍生出的ofo、摩拜、滴滴和其他共享車平臺。
附程式碼已上傳github： github.com/dongguangming/golang-le...
How To Build Microservice With MongoDB In Golang goinbigdata.com/how-to-build-micro...
本作品採用《CC 協議》，轉載必須註明作者和本文連結