10gR2 DATABASE Installation

1.1 安裝前準備

1.1.1 關閉防火牆、SELINUX

[root@vast ~]# service iptables stop

[root@vast ~]# setenforce 0

[root@vast ~]# chkconfig iptables off

[root@vast ~]# chkconfig --list iptables

iptables        0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

[root@vast ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

#       enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

#       permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

#       disabled - SELinux is fully disabled.

SELINUX=disabled

# SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are:

#       targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected.

#       strict - Full SELinux protection.

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

1.1.2 修改hosts檔案

[root@vast ~]# vi /etc/hosts

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs

# that require network functionality will fail.

127.0.0.1               localhost.localdomain localhost

::1                     localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6

192.168.80.121          vast.vastdata

1.1.3 配置網路卡

[root@vast ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

# Intel Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper)

DEVICE=eth0

BOOTPROTO=static

HWADDR=00:0C:29:9E:65:FE

IPADDR=192.168.80.121

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.80.1

ONBOOT=yes

1.1.4 修改機器版本號

[root@vast ~]# vi /etc/redhat-release

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 4.11 (Tikanga)

修改5.11為4.11

1.1.5 安裝rpm包

[root@vast ~]# cd /misc/cd

[root@vast cd]# ls

blafdoc.css EULA GPL README-en  RELEASE-NOTES-en.html  Server  VT

Cluster eula.en_US images README-en.html  RPM-GPG-KEY  supportinfo

ClusterStorage eula.py isolinux RELEASE-NOTES-en  RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle TRANS.TBL

[root@vast cd]# cd Server/

安裝如下rpm包(以下為oracle10g官方文件標註要求安裝的rpm包)

binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4

compat-db-4.1.25-9

control-center-2.8.0-12

gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4

gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4

glibc-2.3.4-2

glibc-common-2.3.4-2

gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1

libstdc++-3.4.3-9.EL4

libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4

make-3.80-5

pdksh-5.2.14-30

sysstat-5.0.5-1

xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2

1.1.6 建立組、使用者

[root@vast ~]# groupadd oinstall

[root@vast ~]# groupadd dba

[root@vast ~]# groupadd oper

[root@vast ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

[root@vast ~]# passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle.     

New password:

BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word

BAD PASSWORD: is too simple

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

1.1.7 新增核心引數

[root@vast ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf

 

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 262144

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 262144

 

儲存退出執行sysctl –p 使引數生效

[root@vast ~]# sysctl -p

 

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

kernel.msgmax = 65536

kernel.shmall = 4294967296

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.msgmni = 2878

kernel.msgmnb = 65536

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 142

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104

kernel.sysrq = 1

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

fs.aio-max-nr = 3145728

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

vm.min_free_kbytes = 51200

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 262144

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 262144

vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 54322

執行後，會返回所有引數

1.1.8 修改使用者限制

[root@oracle ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf

新增如下內容

oracle              soft    nproc   2047

oracle              hard    nproc   16384

oracle              soft    nofile  1024

oracle              hard    nofile  65536

1.1.9 許可權控制

[root@oracle ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login

新增如下內容

session    required     /lib/security/pam_limits.so

session    required     pam_limits.so

1.1.10     修改概要檔案

[root@oracle ~]# vim /etc/profile

將如下資訊新增到檔案最後

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

 

        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

 

              ulimit -p 16384

              ulimit -n 65536

        else

              ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

        fi

fi

1.1.11     建立目錄與賦權

[root@vast ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle -p

[root@vast ~]# chmod 775 /u01 -R

[root@vast ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /u01 -R

1.1.12     新增oracle使用者環境變數

[root@vast ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@vast ~]$ vi .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

 

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

 

# User specific environment and startup programs

 

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

 

export PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

儲存退出

使環境變數生效

[oracle@vast ~]$ source .bash_profile

1.1.13     解壓安裝包

這裡我的安裝包放在了/tmp下，進入到/tmp下

[root@vast ~]$ cd /tmp/

[root@vast tmp]$ ls

10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz  p8202632_10205_Linux-x86-64.zip

gconfd-root                          rpm.txt

keyring-KqS6j0                       ssh-TPBNPv3831

mapping-root                         virtual-root.KGIV2G

orbit-root

解壓這個壓縮包

[root@vast tmp]# gunzip 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz

[root@vast tmp]# ls

10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio  p8202632_10205_Linux-x86-64.zip

gconfd-root                       rpm.txt

keyring-KqS6j0                    ssh-TPBNPv3831

mapping-root                      virtual-root.KGIV2G

orbit-root

[root@vast tmp]# cpio -idmv < 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio

database/stage/prereq/db/refhost_Custom.xml

database/stage/prereq/db/refhost.xml

database/stage/prereq/db/db_prereq.xml

.

.

.

database/doc/server.102/b15658/toc.htm

database/doc/server.102/b15658/tuning.htm

database/doc/server.102/b15658

database/doc/server.102/b15658.pdf

database/doc/server.102

database/doc

database/welcome.html

database

1565626 blocks

[root@vast tmp]# ls

10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio  orbit-root

database                          p8202632_10205_Linux-x86-64.zip

gconfd-root                       rpm.txt

keyring-KqS6j0                    ssh-TPBNPv3831

mapping-root                      virtual-root.KGIV2G

1.2 安裝資料庫軟體

進入到oracle使用者下開始安裝

[root@vast tmp]# su - oracle

[oracle@vast ~]$ cd /tmp/database/

[oracle@vast database]$ ls

doc  install  response  runInstaller  stage  welcome.html

[oracle@vast database]$ ./runInstaller

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking installer requirements...

Checking operating system version: must be redhat-3, SuSE-9, redhat-4, UnitedLinux-1.0, asianux-1 or asianux-2

Passed

All installer requirements met.

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from

 /tmp/OraInstall2016-09-12_06-48-28PM. Please wait ...[oracle@vast database]$ Starting Installer in advanced mode ...

Oracle Universal Installer, Version 10.2.0.1.0 Production

Copyright (C) 1999, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

（一）  選擇高階安裝“Advanced Installation”

（二）  Oracle產品目錄路徑

（三）選擇安裝版本(安裝企業版)

（五）環境預檢查

        （六）只安裝資料庫軟體

            (1.安裝資料庫並安裝資料庫 2.配置ASM  3.只安裝資料庫軟體)

        （七）點選“Install”開始安裝


        （八）安裝進度


        （九）執行兩個指令碼

[root@vast ~]# /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to 770.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete

[root@vast ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

Running Oracle10 root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root.sh script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

[root@vast ~]#

        （十）返回安裝資訊

1.3 安裝資料庫

[oracle@vast database]$ dbca

        （一）選擇“Next”

        （二）選擇“Create a Database”

        （三）選擇建立資料庫的型別

        （四）設定資料庫名和SID

        （五）配置EM(這一步可選也可不選，EM也可在之後建立)

        （六）設定使用者密碼

        （七）選擇檔案系統

        （八）選擇“Use Database File Locations from Template”

        （九）配置快速恢復區路徑以及大小

        （十）選擇是否需要樣例(可選可不選)

        （十一）Oracle記憶體大小設定，預設是40，但是也可以自己設定

        （十二）檢視配置資訊，點選“Finish”開始安裝

        （十三）檢視安裝資訊


        （十四）安裝完成，點選“Exit”

1.4 驗證是否安裝成功

[oracle@vast database]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Sep 12 19:22:42 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  901775360 bytes

Fixed Size                  2024944 bytes

Variable Size             230689296 bytes

Database Buffers          666894336 bytes

Redo Buffers                2166784 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL>

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release

 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> exit

 

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