Webpack4+Babel7+React16+Less簡單配置筆記
一、專案初始化
新建一個專案react-init
mkdir react-init
cd react-init
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初始化
yarn init -y
# 或
npm init -y
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二、安裝Webpack
webpack4的安裝需要安裝兩個,一個是webpack,另外就是webpack-cli
yarn add webpack webpack-cli -D
# 或
npm i webpack webpack-cli -D
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三、建立webpack配置檔案
在專案根目錄下面建立config目錄,並在該目錄裡面建3個配置檔案,分別是:
webpack.base.conf.js —— 共有配置
webpack.dev.conf.js —— 開發環境配置
webpack.prod.conf.js —— 生產環境配置
因為使用了公共的配置項,所以為了能夠使用公共項,需要引入另外一個庫,安裝如下:
yarn add webpack-merge -D
# 或
npm i webpack-merge -D
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在webpack.base.conf.js裡面寫入:
const path = require('path');
const DIST_PATH = path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist');
const APP_PATH = path.resolve(__dirname, '../src');
module.exports = {
entry: {
app: APP_PATH+'/index.js'
},
output: {
filename: "js/[name].[chunkhash].js",
path: DIST_PATH
},
resolve: {
extensions: [".js", ".jsx", ".less"],
alias: {
"@": APP_PATH
}
},
}
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在webpack.dev.conf.js裡面寫入:
const path = require("path");
const merge = require("webpack-merge");
const baseWebpackConfig = require("./webpack.base.conf");
module.exports = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
mode: "development",
output: {
filename: "js/[name].[hash:16].js"
},
devtool: "inline-source-map",
});
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在webpack.prod.conf.js裡面寫入:
const merge = require("webpack-merge");
const baseWebpackConfig = require("./webpack.base.conf");
module.exports = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
mode: "production",
});
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在根目錄下面建立src目錄,然後建立index.js檔案,作為整個專案的入口檔案,建立App.jsx檔案,作為react專案的根元件;
在根目錄下面建立public目錄,然後建立index.html檔案,作為整個單頁專案的模板檔案;
index.html內容如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<!-- <title><%= htmlWebpackPlugin.options.title %></title> -->
<title>React-Init</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root"></div>
</body>
</html>
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在package.json裡面,新增命令列指令碼:
"scripts": {
"build": "webpack --config config/webpack.prod.conf.js"
}
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四、安裝React
yarn add react react-dom
# 或
npm i react react-dom -S
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修改src/App.jsx檔案如下:
import React, { Component } from "react";
class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<h1>Hello React</h1>
);
}
}
export default App;
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修改src/index.js檔案如下:
import React from "react";
import ReactDom from "react-dom";
import App from "./App";
ReactDom.render(<App />, document.getElementById("root"));
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五、安裝Babel
為了使ES6的模組化被支援以及能夠轉為瀏覽器識別的ES5程式碼,和JSX格式解析,必須引入對應的babel和babel外掛,安裝如下:
yarn add babel-loader @babel/core @babel/preset-env @babel/preset-react -D
# 或
npm i babel-loader @babel/core @babel/preset-env @babel/preset-react -D
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配置babel:
在webpack.base.conf.js裡面
module.exports = {
...
resolve: {
extensions: [".js", ".jsx", ".less"],
alias: {
"@": APP_PATH
}
},
// 以下是新增的內容
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.jsx?$/,
use: 'babel-loader',
include: APP_PATH
},
]
}
}
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然後在根目錄新建.babelrc檔案,內容如下:
{
"presets": [
"@babel/preset-env",
"@babel/preset-react"
]
}
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六、新增Html模板
安裝html-webpack-plugin外掛:
yarn add html-webpack-plugin -D
# 或
npm i html-webpack-plugin -D
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這個可以將生成的JS檔案自動載入到html的script標籤內去,可以自定義html模板,具體看其在npm網站上的文件。
給webpack.prod.conf.js增加配置內容如下
...
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require("html-webpack-plugin");
module.exports = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
mode: "production",
plugins: [
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
template: "public/index.html",
minify: {
removeComments: true,
collapseWhitespace: true,
removeAttributeQuotes: true
}
})
]
});
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此時,可以進行build了,執行
yarn build
# 或
npm run build
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如果沒有報錯,且根目錄下生成dist目錄,則表示之前的配置基本上正確了
webpack優化
生產過程中,可以使用clean-webpack-plugin對dist資料夾先進行清理:
yarn add clean-webpack-plugin -D
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然後在webpack.prod.conf.js裡面增加如下內容:
...
const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require("clean-webpack-plugin");
...
plugins: [
new CleanWebpackPlugin(),
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
template: "public/index.html",
minify: {
removeComments: true,
collapseWhitespace: true,
removeAttributeQuotes: true
}
})
]
...
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七、新增熱載入開發環境
yarn add webpack-dev-server -D
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在webpack.dev.conf.js裡面新增:
...
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require("html-webpack-plugin");
const webpack = require("webpack");
module.exports = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
...
plugins: [
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
template: "public/index.html",
inject: "body",
minify: {
html5: true
},
hash: false
}),
new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin()
],
devServer: {
port: 3000,
contentBase: path.join(__dirname, "../public"),
compress: true,
historyApiFallback: true,
hot: true,
https: false,
noInfo: true,
open: true,
proxy: {}
}
});
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然後在package.json的指令碼里面:
"scripts": {
"build": "webpack --config config/webpack.prod.conf.js",
"dev": "webpack-dev-server --inline --progress --config config/webpack.dev.conf.js"
}
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執行
yarn dev
# 或
npm run dev
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即可在開啟的瀏覽器裡面進行訪問,地址為localhost:3000
八、對CSS和Less處理
使用webpack我們可以在js裡面匯入css或less檔案,但是必須使用相應的loader才能進行處理。
yarn add css-loader mini-css-extract-plugin less less-loader postcss-loader autoprefixer -D
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在webpack.base.conf.js裡面新增
...
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require("mini-css-extract-plugin");
...
module.exports = {
...
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.jsx?$/,
use: "babel-loader",
include: APP_PATH
},
{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
{
loader: "css-loader",
options: {
modules: true // 使支援css modules
}
}
]
},
{
test: /\.less$/,
exclude: /node_modules/,
use: [
MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
{
loader: "css-loader",
options: {
modules: true
}
},
{
loader: "postcss-loader",
options: {
plugins: [require("autoprefixer")()]
}
},
{
loader: "less-loader",
options: {
modifyVars: {
// 自定義的主題內容寫在這裡
}
}
}
]
},
]
},
plugins: [
new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
filename: "css/[name].[hash].css",
ignoreOrder: false
})
]
};
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為了使autoprefixer生效,需要在package.json裡面新增如下內容:
"browserslist": [
"last 4 version",
"> 1%",
"maintained node versions",
"not dead"
]
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九、對字型和圖片進行處理
安裝loader:
yarn add file-loader url-loader -D
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在webpack.base.conf.js裡面新增:
module.exports = {
...
module: {
rules: [
...
{
test: /\.(png|jpg|gif|jpeg|bmp|webp)$/,
use: [
{
loader: "url-loader",
options: {
publicPath: "/",
name: "images/[name].[ext]",
limit: 512
}
}
]
},
{
test: /\.(woff|svg|eot|woff2|tff)$/,
use: "file-loader",
exclude: /node_modules/
}
]
},
...
};
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到這裡,基本上所需要的配置都已經OK了,那麼全部的配置檔案內容如下所示:
-
webpack.base.conf.js
const path = require("path"); const DIST_PATH = path.resolve(__dirname, "../dist"); const APP_PATH = path.resolve(__dirname, "../src"); const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require("mini-css-extract-plugin"); module.exports = { entry: { app: APP_PATH + "/index.js" }, output: { filename: "js/[name].[chunkhash].js", path: DIST_PATH }, module: { rules: [ { test: /\.jsx?$/, use: "babel-loader", include: APP_PATH }, { test: /\.css$/, use: [ MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader, { loader: "css-loader", options: { modules: true } } ] }, { test: /\.less$/, exclude: /node_modules/, use: [ MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader, { loader: "css-loader", options: { modules: true } }, { loader: "postcss-loader", options: { plugins: [require("autoprefixer")()] } }, { loader: "less-loader", options: { modifyVars: { // 自定義的主題內容寫在這裡 } } } ] }, { test: /\.(png|jpg|gif|jpeg|bmp|webp)$/, use: [ { loader: "url-loader", options: { publicPath: "/", name: "images/[name].[ext]", limit: 512 } } ] }, { test: /\.(woff|svg|eot|woff2|tff)$/, use: "file-loader", exclude: /node_modules/ } ] }, resolve: { extensions: [".js", ".jsx", ".less"], alias: { "@": APP_PATH } }, plugins: [ new MiniCssExtractPlugin({ filename: "css/[name].[hash].css", ignoreOrder: false }) ] }; 複製程式碼
-
webpack.dev.conf.js
const path = require("path"); const merge = require("webpack-merge"); const baseWebpackConfig = require("./webpack.base.conf"); const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require("html-webpack-plugin"); const webpack = require("webpack"); module.exports = merge(baseWebpackConfig, { mode: "development", output: { filename: "js/[name].[hash:16].js" }, devtool: "inline-source-map", plugins: [ new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ template: "public/index.html", inject: "body", minify: { html5: true }, hash: false }), new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin() ], devServer: { port: 3000, contentBase: path.join(__dirname, "../public"), compress: true, historyApiFallback: true, hot: true, https: false, noInfo: true, open: true, proxy: {} } }); 複製程式碼
-
webpack.prod.conf.js
const merge = require("webpack-merge"); const baseWebpackConfig = require("./webpack.base.conf"); const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require("html-webpack-plugin"); const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require("clean-webpack-plugin"); module.exports = merge(baseWebpackConfig, { mode: "production", plugins: [ new CleanWebpackPlugin(), new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ template: "public/index.html", minify: { removeComments: true, collapseWhitespace: true, removeAttributeQuotes: true } }) ] }); 複製程式碼
-
.babelrc
{ "presets": ["@babel/preset-env", "@babel/preset-react"] } 複製程式碼
-
package.json
{ "name": "react-init", "version": "1.0.0", "main": "index.js", "license": "MIT", "scripts": { "build": "webpack --config config/webpack.prod.conf.js", "dev": "webpack-dev-server --inline --progress --config config/webpack.dev.conf.js" }, "devDependencies": { "@babel/core": "^7.5.5", "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime": "^7.5.5", "@babel/preset-env": "^7.5.5", "@babel/preset-react": "^7.0.0", "autoprefixer": "^9.6.1", "babel-loader": "^8.0.6", "clean-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.0", "css-loader": "^3.2.0", "file-loader": "^4.2.0", "html-webpack-plugin": "^3.2.0", "less": "^3.9.0", "less-loader": "^5.0.0", "mini-css-extract-plugin": "^0.8.0", "postcss-loader": "^3.0.0", "url-loader": "^2.1.0", "webpack": "^4.39.1", "webpack-cli": "^3.3.6", "webpack-dev-server": "^3.7.2", "webpack-merge": "^4.2.1" }, "dependencies": { "react": "^16.8.6", "react-dom": "^16.8.6" }, "browserslist": [ "last 4 version", "> 1%", "maintained node versions", "not dead" ] } 複製程式碼
整個專案的目錄結構為:
react-init
├── config
│ ├── webpack.base.conf.js
│ ├── webpack.dev.conf.js
│ └── webpack.prod.conf.js
├── public
│ └── index.html
├── src
│ ├── App.jsx
│ ├── app.less
│ ├── assets
│ │ └── 01.jpeg
│ └── index.js
├── .babelrc
├── package.json
└── yarn.lock
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