promise特性
Promise捕獲錯誤與 try catch 等同
Promise 擁有狀態變化
Promise 方法中的回撥是非同步的
Promise 會儲存返回值
Promise 方法每次都返回一個新的Promise
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Promise 實現 遵循promise/A+規範
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Promise/A+規範譯文:
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malcolmyu.github.io/2015/06/12/…
// promise 三個狀態 const PENDING = "pending"; const FULFILLED = "fulfilled"; const REJECTED = "rejected"; function Promise(excutor) { let that = this; // 快取當前promise例項物件 that.status = PENDING; // 初始狀態 that.value = undefined; // fulfilled狀態時 返回的資訊 that.reason = undefined; // rejected狀態時 拒絕的原因 that.onFulfilledCallbacks = []; // 儲存fulfilled狀態對應的onFulfilled函式 that.onRejectedCallbacks = []; // 儲存rejected狀態對應的onRejected函式 function resolve(value) { // value成功態時接收的終值 if(value instanceof Promise) { return value.then(resolve, reject); } // 為什麼resolve 加setTimeout? // 2.2.4規範 onFulfilled 和 onRejected 只允許在 execution context 棧僅包含平臺程式碼時執行. // 注1 這裡的平臺程式碼指的是引擎、環境以及 promise 的實施程式碼。實踐中要確保 onFulfilled 和 onRejected 方法非同步執行,且應該在 then 方法被呼叫的那一輪事件迴圈之後的新執行棧中執行。 setTimeout(() => { // 呼叫resolve 回撥對應onFulfilled函式 if (that.status === PENDING) { // 只能由pedning狀態 => fulfilled狀態 (避免呼叫多次resolve reject) that.status = FULFILLED; that.value = value; that.onFulfilledCallbacks.forEach(cb => cb(that.value)); } }); } function reject(reason) { // reason失敗態時接收的拒因 setTimeout(() => { // 呼叫reject 回撥對應onRejected函式 if (that.status === PENDING) { // 只能由pedning狀態 => rejected狀態 (避免呼叫多次resolve reject) that.status = REJECTED; that.reason = reason; that.onRejectedCallbacks.forEach(cb => cb(that.reason)); } }); } // 捕獲在excutor執行器中丟擲的異常 // new Promise((resolve, reject) => { // throw new Error('error in excutor') // }) try { excutor(resolve, reject); } catch (e) { reject(e); } } /** * resolve中的值幾種情況: * 1.普通值 * 2.promise物件 * 3.thenable物件/函式 */ /** * 對resolve 進行改造增強 針對resolve中不同值情況 進行處理 * @param {promise} promise2 promise1.then方法返回的新的promise物件 * @param {[type]} x promise1中onFulfilled的返回值 * @param {[type]} resolve promise2的resolve方法 * @param {[type]} reject promise2的reject方法 */ function resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject) { if (promise2 === x) { // 如果從onFulfilled中返回的x 就是promise2 就會導致迴圈引用報錯 return reject(new TypeError('迴圈引用')); } let called = false; // 避免多次呼叫 // 如果x是一個promise物件 (該判斷和下面 判斷是不是thenable物件重複 所以可有可無) if (x instanceof Promise) { // 獲得它的終值 繼續resolve if (x.status === PENDING) { // 如果為等待態需等待直至 x 被執行或拒絕 並解析y值 x.then(y => { resolvePromise(promise2, y, resolve, reject); }, reason => { reject(reason); }); } else { // 如果 x 已經處於執行態/拒絕態(值已經被解析為普通值),用相同的值執行傳遞下去 promise x.then(resolve, reject); } // 如果 x 為物件或者函式 } else if (x != null && ((typeof x === 'object') || (typeof x === 'function'))) { try { // 是否是thenable物件(具有then方法的物件/函式) let then = x.then; if (typeof then === 'function') { then.call(x, y => { if(called) return; called = true; resolvePromise(promise2, y, resolve, reject); }, reason => { if(called) return; called = true; reject(reason); }) } else { // 說明是一個普通物件/函式 resolve(x); } } catch(e) { if(called) return; called = true; reject(e); } } else { resolve(x); } } /** * [註冊fulfilled狀態/rejected狀態對應的回撥函式] * @param {function} onFulfilled fulfilled狀態時 執行的函式 * @param {function} onRejected rejected狀態時 執行的函式 * @return {function} newPromsie 返回一個新的promise物件 */ Promise.prototype.then = function(onFulfilled, onRejected) { const that = this; let newPromise; // 處理引數預設值 保證引數後續能夠繼續執行 onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === "function" ? onFulfilled : value => value; onRejected = typeof onRejected === "function" ? onRejected : reason => { throw reason; }; // then裡面的FULFILLED/REJECTED狀態時 為什麼要加setTimeout ? // 原因: // 其一 2.2.4規範 要確保 onFulfilled 和 onRejected 方法非同步執行(且應該在 then 方法被呼叫的那一輪事件迴圈之後的新執行棧中執行) 所以要在resolve里加上setTimeout // 其二 2.2.6規範 對於一個promise,它的then方法可以呼叫多次.(當在其他程式中多次呼叫同一個promise的then時 由於之前狀態已經為FULFILLED/REJECTED狀態,則會走的下面邏輯),所以要確保為FULFILLED/REJECTED狀態後 也要非同步執行onFulfilled/onRejected // 其二 2.2.6規範 也是resolve函式里加setTimeout的原因 // 總之都是 讓then方法非同步執行 也就是確保onFulfilled/onRejected非同步執行 // 如下面這種情景 多次呼叫p1.then // p1.then((value) => { // 此時p1.status 由pedding狀態 => fulfilled狀態 // console.log(value); // resolve // // console.log(p1.status); // fulfilled // p1.then(value => { // 再次p1.then 這時已經為fulfilled狀態 走的是fulfilled狀態判斷裡的邏輯 所以我們也要確保判斷裡面onFuilled非同步執行 // console.log(value); // 'resolve' // }); // console.log('當前執行棧中同步程式碼'); // }) // console.log('全域性執行棧中同步程式碼'); // if (that.status === FULFILLED) { // 成功態 return newPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { setTimeout(() => { try{ let x = onFulfilled(that.value); resolvePromise(newPromise, x, resolve, reject); // 新的promise resolve 上一個onFulfilled的返回值 } catch(e) { reject(e); // 捕獲前面onFulfilled中丟擲的異常 then(onFulfilled, onRejected); } }); }) } if (that.status === REJECTED) { // 失敗態 return newPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { setTimeout(() => { try { let x = onRejected(that.reason); resolvePromise(newPromise, x, resolve, reject); } catch(e) { reject(e); } }); }); } if (that.status === PENDING) { // 等待態 // 當非同步呼叫resolve/rejected時 將onFulfilled/onRejected收集暫存到集合中 return newPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { that.onFulfilledCallbacks.push((value) => { try { let x = onFulfilled(value); resolvePromise(newPromise, x, resolve, reject); } catch(e) { reject(e); } }); that.onRejectedCallbacks.push((reason) => { try { let x = onRejected(reason); resolvePromise(newPromise, x, resolve, reject); } catch(e) { reject(e); } }); }); } }; /** * Promise.all Promise進行並行處理 * 引數: promise物件組成的陣列作為引數 * 返回值: 返回一個Promise例項 * 當這個陣列裡的所有promise物件全部變為resolve狀態的時候,才會resolve。 */ Promise.all = function(promises) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { let done = gen(promises.length, resolve); promises.forEach((promise, index) => { promise.then((value) => { done(index, value) }, reject) }) }) } function gen(length, resolve) { let count = 0; let values = []; return function(i, value) { values[i] = value; if (++count === length) { console.log(values); resolve(values); } } } /** * Promise.race * 引數: 接收 promise物件組成的陣列作為引數 * 返回值: 返回一個Promise例項 * 只要有一個promise物件進入 FulFilled 或者 Rejected 狀態的話,就會繼續進行後面的處理(取決於哪一個更快) */ Promise.race = function(promises) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { promises.forEach((promise, index) => { promise.then(resolve, reject); }); }); } // 用於promise方法鏈時 捕獲前面onFulfilled/onRejected丟擲的異常 Promise.prototype.catch = function(onRejected) { return this.then(null, onRejected); } Promise.resolve = function (value) { return new Promise(resolve => { resolve(value); }); } Promise.reject = function (reason) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { reject(reason); }); } /** * 基於Promise實現Deferred的 * Deferred和Promise的關係 * - Deferred 擁有 Promise * - Deferred 具備對 Promise的狀態進行操作的特權方法(resolve reject) * *參考jQuery.Deferred *url: http://api.jquery.com/category/deferred-object/ */ Promise.deferred = function() { // 延遲物件 let defer = {}; defer.promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { defer.resolve = resolve; defer.reject = reject; }); return defer; } /** * Promise/A+規範測試 * npm i -g promises-aplus-tests * promises-aplus-tests Promise.js */ try { module.exports = Promise } catch (e) { } 複製程式碼