一、概念
一個前端開發的框架，Bootstrap，來自 Twitter，是目前很受歡迎的前端框架。Bootstrap 是基於 HTML、CSS、JavaScript 的，它簡潔靈活，使得 Web 開發更加快捷。
- 框架：一個半成品軟體，開發人員可以在框架基礎上，在進行開發，簡化編碼。
- 好處：
1. 定義了很多的css樣式和js外掛。我們開發人員直接可以使用這些樣式和外掛得到豐富的頁面效果。
2. 響應式佈局。
同一套頁面可以相容不同解析度的裝置。
二、快速入門
1. 下載Bootstrap
2. 在專案中將這三個資料夾複製
min-壓縮版
複製資料中的jquery-3.2.1.min.js到js目錄下
3. 建立html頁面，引入必要的資原始檔
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- 上述3個meta標籤*必須*放在最前面，任何其他內容都*必須*跟隨其後！ --> <title>Bootstrap HelloWorld</title> <!-- Bootstrap --> <link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 外掛都依賴 jQuery，所以必須放在前邊) --> <script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <!-- 載入 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 外掛。你也可以根據需要只載入單個外掛。 --> <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <h1>你好，世界！</h1> </body> </html>
三、
同一套頁面可以相容不同解析度的裝置。
1、實現：依賴於柵格系統：將一行平均分成12個格子，可以指定元素佔幾個格子
2、步驟：
1. 定義容器。相當於之前的table
容器分類：
1. container：兩邊留白
2. container-fluid：每一種裝置都是100%寬度
2. 定義行。相當於之前的tr。樣式：row
3. 定義元素。指定該元素在不同的裝置上，所佔的格子數目。樣式：col-裝置代號-格子數目
裝置代號：
1. xs：超小螢幕 手機 (<768px)：col-xs-12
2. sm：小螢幕 平板 (≥768px)
3. md：中等螢幕 桌面顯示器 (≥992px)
4. lg：大螢幕 大桌面顯示器 (≥1200px)
注意：
1. 一行中如果格子數目超過12，則超出部分自動換行。
2. 柵格類屬性可以向上相容。柵格類適用於與螢幕寬度大於或等於分界點大小的裝置。
3. 如果真實裝置寬度小於了設定柵格類屬性的裝置程式碼的最小值，會一個元素佔滿一整行。
<!doctype html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- 上述3個meta標籤*必須*放在最前面，任何其他內容都*必須*跟隨其後！ --> <title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title> <!-- Bootstrap --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"> <!-- HTML5 shim 和 Respond.js 是為了讓 IE8 支援 HTML5 元素和媒體查詢（media queries）功能 --> <!-- 警告：透過 file:// 協議（就是直接將 html 頁面拖拽到瀏覽器中）訪問頁面時 Respond.js 不起作用 --> <!--[if lt IE 9]--> <!--<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/html5shiv@3.7.3/dist/html5shiv.min.js"></script>--> <!--<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/respond.js@1.4.2/dest/respond.min.js"></script>--> <!--[endif]--> <!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 外掛都依賴 jQuery，所以必須放在前邊) --> <script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <!-- 載入 Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 外掛。你也可以根據需要只載入單個外掛。 --> <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <style> .inner{ border: 1px solid red; } </style> </head> <body> <!--1.定義容器--> <div class="container"> <!--2.定義行--> <div class="row"> <!--3.定義元素 在大顯示器一行12個格子 在pad上一行6個各自 --> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">柵格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">柵格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">柵格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">柵格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">柵格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">柵格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">柵格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">柵格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">柵格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">柵格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">柵格</div> <div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">柵格</div> <!--<div class="col-md-4 inner">柵格</div> <div class="col-md-4 inner">柵格</div> <div class="col-md-4 inner">柵格</div>--> </div> </div> </body> </html>
四、CSS樣式和JS外掛
1、全域性CSS樣式：
- 按鈕：class="btn btn-default"
<a class="btn btn-default" href="#" role="button">Link</a> <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Button</button> <input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="Input"> <input class="btn btn-default" type="submit" value="Submit">
<!-- Standard button --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">（預設樣式）Default</button> <!-- Provides extra visual weight and identifies the primary action in a set of buttons --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">（首選項）Primary</button> <!-- Indicates a successful or positive action --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-success">（成功）Success</button> <!-- Contextual button for informational alert messages --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-info">（一般資訊）Info</button> <!-- Indicates caution should be taken with this action --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">（警告）Warning</button> <!-- Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">（危險）Danger</button> <!-- Deemphasize a button by making it look like a link while maintaining button behavior --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-link">（連結）Link</button>
- 圖片：
class="img-responsive"：圖片在任意尺寸寬度都佔100%
<img src="..." class="img-responsive">
- 圖片形狀
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-rounded"> <img src="..." alt="..." class="img-circle"> <img src="..." alt="..." class="img-thumbnail">
- 表格
table
table-bordered
table-hover
<table class="table table-bordered table-hover"> ... </table>
- 表單
給表單項新增：class="form-control"
<form> <div class="form-group"> <label for="exampleInputEmail1">Email address</label> <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="Email"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="exampleInputPassword1">Password</label> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="exampleInputFile">File input</label> <input type="file" id="exampleInputFile"> <p class="help-block">Example block-level help text here.</p> </div> <div class="checkbox"> <label> <input type="checkbox"> Check me out </label> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button> </form>
<form class="form-horizontal"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email</label> <div class="col-sm-10"> <input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail3" placeholder="Email"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Password</label> <div class="col-sm-10"> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword3" placeholder="Password"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"> <div class="checkbox"> <label> <input type="checkbox"> Remember me </label> </div> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button> </div> </div> </form>
2、元件：
- 導航條
<!doctype html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"> <script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid"> <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a> </div> <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <form class="navbar-form navbar-left"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button> </form> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --> </nav> </body> </html>
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse"> ... </nav>
- 分頁條
<nav aria-label="Page navigation"> <ul class="pagination"> <li> <a href="#" aria-label="Previous"> <span aria-hidden="true">«</span> </a> </li> <li><a href="#">1</a></li> <li><a href="#">2</a></li> <li><a href="#">3</a></li> <li><a href="#">4</a></li> <li><a href="#">5</a></li> <li> <a href="#" aria-label="Next"> <span aria-hidden="true">»</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>
3、外掛：
- 輪播圖
<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel"> <!-- Indicators --> <ol class="carousel-indicators"> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li> </ol> <!-- Wrapper for slides --> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="item active"> <img src="img/banner_1.jpg" alt="..."> <div class="carousel-caption"> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <img src="img/banner_2.jpg" alt="..."> <div class="carousel-caption"> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <img src="img/banner_3.jpg" alt="..."> <div class="carousel-caption"> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Controls --> <a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Previous</span> </a> <a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Next</span> </a> </div>
五、案例
<!doctype html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"> <script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <style> .paddtop{ padding-top: 10px; } .search-input{ float: left; border: 2px solid #ffc900; width: 400px; height: 35px; padding-left: 5px; margin-top: 15px; } .search-btn{ float: left; border: 2px solid #ffc900; width: 50px; height: 35px; background-color: #ffc900; text-align: center; line-height: 35px; margin-top: 15px; } .jx{ border-bottom: 2px solid #ffc900; padding: 5px; } .company{ height: 40px; background-color: #ffc900; text-align: center; line-height:40px ; font-size: 8px; } </style> </head> <body> <!--1.頁首部分--> <header class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <img src="img/top_banner.jpg" class="img-responsive"> </div> <div class="row paddtop"> <div class="col-md-3"> <img src="img/logo.jpg" class="img-responsive"> </div> <div class="col-md-5"> <input class="search-input" placeholder="請輸入線路名稱"> <a href="#" class="search-btn">搜尋</a> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <img src="img/hotel_tel.png" class="img-responsive"> </div> </div> <!--導航條--> <div class="row"> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid"> <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">傳智播客</a> </div> <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="active"><a href="#">JavaEE <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Android</a></li> <li><a href="#">Android</a></li> <li><a href="#">Android</a></li> <li><a href="#">Android</a></li> <li><a href="#">Android</a></li> <li><a href="#">Android</a></li> <li><a href="#">Android</a></li> <li><a href="#">Android</a></li> <li><a href="#">Android</a></li> <li><a href="#">Android</a></li> </ul> </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --> </nav> </div> <!--輪播圖--> <div class="row"> <div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel"> <!-- Indicators --> <ol class="carousel-indicators"> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li> </ol> <!-- Wrapper for slides --> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="item active"> <img src="img/banner_1.jpg" alt="..."> <div class="carousel-caption"> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <img src="img/banner_2.jpg" alt="..."> <div class="carousel-caption"> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <img src="img/banner_3.jpg" alt="..."> <div class="carousel-caption"> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Controls --> <a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Previous</span> </a> <a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Next</span> </a> </div> </div> </header> <!--2.主體部分--> <div class="container"> <div class="row jx"> <img src="img/icon_5.jpg"> <span>黑馬精選</span> </div> <div class="row paddtop"> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="thumbnail"> <img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg"> <p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閒遊首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p> <font color="red">¥ 699</font> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="thumbnail"> <img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg"> <p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閒遊首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p> <font color="red">¥ 699</font> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="thumbnail"> <img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg"> <p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閒遊首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p> <font color="red">¥ 699</font> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="thumbnail"> <img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg"> <p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閒遊首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p> <font color="red">¥ 699</font> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row jx"> <img src="img/icon_6.jpg"> <span>國內遊</span> </div> <div class="row paddtop"> <div class="col-md-4"> <img src="img/guonei_1.jpg"> </div> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="thumbnail"> <img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg"> <p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閒遊首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p> <font color="red">¥ 699</font> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="thumbnail"> <img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg"> <p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閒遊首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p> <font color="red">¥ 699</font> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="thumbnail"> <img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg"> <p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閒遊首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p> <font color="red">¥ 699</font> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="thumbnail"> <img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg"> <p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閒遊首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p> <font color="red">¥ 699</font> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="thumbnail"> <img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg"> <p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閒遊首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p> <font color="red">¥ 699</font> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="thumbnail"> <img src="img/jiangxuan_3.jpg"> <p>上海直飛三亞5天4晚自由行(春節預售+親子/蜜月/休閒遊首選+豪華酒店任選+接送機)</p> <font color="red">¥ 699</font> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--3.頁尾部分--> <footer class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <img src="img/footer_service.png" class="img-responsive"> </div> <div class="row company"> 江蘇傳智播客教育科技股份有限公司 版權所有Copyright 2006-2018, All Rights Reserved 蘇ICP備16007882 </div> </footer> </body> </html>