Platform Channel簡介
Flutter引入Platform Channel機制來支援不同平臺的API呼叫。在Flutter中,提供了三種Platform Channel用來支援和平臺之間資料的傳遞:
- BasicMessageChannel:支援字串和半結構化的資料傳遞,可以通過BasicMessageChannel來獲取Native專案的圖示等資源
- MethodChannel:支援傳遞方法呼叫,Flutter主動呼叫Native的方法,並獲取相應的返回值。既可以從Flutter發平臺發起方法呼叫,也可以從平臺程式碼向Flutter發起呼叫
- EventChannel:支援資料流通訊,傳遞事件。收到訊息後無法回覆此次訊息,通常用於Native向Dart的通訊
使用方法
BasicMessageChannel
Android端:
BasicMessageChannel mBasicMessageChannel = new BasicMessageChannel(getFlutterView(), "basic_channel", StringCodec.INSTANCE);
mBasicMessageChannel.setMessageHandler(new BasicMessageChannel.MessageHandler() {
//接受訊息
@Override
public void onMessage(Object o, BasicMessageChannel.Reply reply) {
Log.e("basic_channel", "接收到來自flutter的訊息:"+o.toString());
reply.reply("回饋訊息");
}
});
//傳送訊息
mBasicMessageChannel.send("向flutter傳送訊息");
//傳送訊息並接受flutter的回饋
mBasicMessageChannel.send("向flutter傳送訊息", new BasicMessageChannel.Reply() {
@Override
public void reply(Object o) {
}
});
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Flutter端:
const basicMessageChannel = const BasicMessageChannel('basic_channel', StringCodec());
//接受並回復訊息
basicMessageChannel.setMessageHandler(
(String message) => Future<String>(() {
setState(() {
this.message = message;
});
return "回覆native訊息";
}),
);
//傳送訊息
basicMessageChannel.send("來自flutter的message");
//flutter並沒有傳送並接受回覆訊息的`send(T message, BasicMessageChannel.Reply<T> callback)`方法
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MethodChannel
Android端:
MethodChannel mMethodChannel = new MethodChannel(getFlutterView(), "method_channel");
mMethodChannel.setMethodCallHandler(new MethodChannel.MethodCallHandler() {
//響應flutter端的呼叫
@Override
public void onMethodCall(MethodCall methodCall, MethodChannel.Result result) {
if (methodCall.method.equals("noticeNative")) {
todo()
result.success("接受成功");
}
}
});
//原生呼叫flutter
mMethodChannel.invokeMethod("noticeFlutter", "argument", new MethodChannel.Result() {
@Override
public void success(Object o) {
//回撥成功
}
@Override
public void error(String s,String s1, Object o) {
//回撥失敗
}
@Override
public void notImplemented() {
}
});
複製程式碼
Flutter端:
const methodChannel = const MethodChannel('method_channel');
Future<Null> getMessageFromNative() async {
//flutter調原生方法
try {
//回撥成功
final String result = await methodChannel.invokeMethod('noticeNative');
setState(() {
method = result;
});
} on PlatformException catch (e) {
//回撥失敗
}
}
methodChannel.setMethodCallHandler(
(MethodCall methodCall) => Future<String>(() {
//響應原生的呼叫
if(methodCall.method == "noticeFlutter"){
setState(() {
});
}
}),
);
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EventChannel
Android端:
EventChannel eventChannel = new EventChannel(getFlutterView(),"event_channel");
eventChannel.setStreamHandler(new EventChannel.StreamHandler() {
@Override
public void onListen(Object o, EventChannel.EventSink eventSink) {
eventSink.success("成功");
//eventSink.error("失敗","失敗","失敗");
}
@Override
public void onCancel(Object o) {
//取消監聽時呼叫
}
});
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Flutter端:
const eventChannel = const EventChannel('event_channel');
eventChannel.receiveBroadcastStream().listen(_onEvent,onError:_onError);
void _onEvent(Object event) {
//返回的內容
}
void _onError(Object error) {
//返回的回撥
}
複製程式碼
其中:Object args是傳遞的引數,EventChannel.EventSink eventSink是Native回撥Dart時的會回撥函式,eventSink提供success、error與endOfStream三個回撥方法分別對應事件的不同狀態
原始碼初探
Platform Channel基本結構
首先了解一下這三種Channel的程式碼:
BasicMessageChannel
class BasicMessageChannel<T> {
const BasicMessageChannel(this.name, this.codec);
final String name;
final MessageCodec<T> codec;
Future<T> send(T message) async {
return codec.decodeMessage(await BinaryMessages.send(name, codec.encodeMessage(message)));
}
void setMessageHandler(Future<T> handler(T message)) {
if (handler == null) {
BinaryMessages.setMessageHandler(name, null);
} else {
BinaryMessages.setMessageHandler(name, (ByteData message) async {
return codec.encodeMessage(await handler(codec.decodeMessage(message)));
});
}
}
void setMockMessageHandler(Future<T> handler(T message)) {
if (handler == null) {
BinaryMessages.setMockMessageHandler(name, null);
} else {
BinaryMessages.setMockMessageHandler(name, (ByteData message) async {
return codec.encodeMessage(await handler(codec.decodeMessage(message)));
});
}
}
}
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MethodChannel
class MethodChannel {
const MethodChannel(this.name, [this.codec = const StandardMethodCodec()]);
final String name;
final MethodCodec codec;
void setMethodCallHandler(Future<dynamic> handler(MethodCall call)) {
BinaryMessages.setMessageHandler(
name,
handler == null ? null : (ByteData message) => _handleAsMethodCall(message, handler),
);
}
void setMockMethodCallHandler(Future<dynamic> handler(MethodCall call)) {
BinaryMessages.setMockMessageHandler(
name,
handler == null ? null : (ByteData message) => _handleAsMethodCall(message, handler),
);
}
Future<ByteData> _handleAsMethodCall(ByteData message, Future<dynamic> handler(MethodCall call)) async {
final MethodCall call = codec.decodeMethodCall(message);
try {
return codec.encodeSuccessEnvelope(await handler(call));
} on PlatformException catch (e) {
returun ...
} on MissingPluginException {
return null;
} catch (e) {
return ...
}
}
Future<T> invokeMethod<T>(String method, [dynamic arguments]) async {
assert(method != null);
final ByteData result = await BinaryMessages.send(
name,
codec.encodeMethodCall(MethodCall(method, arguments)),
);
if (result == null) {
throw MissingPluginException('No implementation found for method $method on channel $name');
}
final T typedResult = codec.decodeEnvelope(result);
return typedResult;
}
}
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EventChannel
class EventChannel {
const EventChannel(this.name, [this.codec = const StandardMethodCodec()]);
final String name;
final MethodCodec codec;
Stream<dynamic> receiveBroadcastStream([dynamic arguments]) {
final MethodChannel methodChannel = MethodChannel(name, codec);
StreamController<dynamic> controller;
controller = StreamController<dynamic>.broadcast(onListen: () async {
BinaryMessages.setMessageHandler(name, (ByteData reply) async {
...
});
try {
await methodChannel.invokeMethod<void>('listen', arguments);
} catch (exception, stack) {
...
}
}, onCancel: () async {
BinaryMessages.setMessageHandler(name, null);
try {
await methodChannel.invokeMethod<void>('cancel', arguments);
} catch (exception, stack) {
...
}
});
return controller.stream;
}
}
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這三種Channel都有兩個成員變數:
- name:表示Channel名字,用於區分不同Platform Channel的唯一標誌,每個Channel使用唯一的name作為其唯一標誌
- codec: 表示訊息的編解碼器,Flutter採用了二進位制位元組流作為資料傳輸協議:傳送方需要把資料編碼成二進位制資料,接受方再把資料解碼成原始資料.而負責編解碼操作的就是Codec。
每個Channel中都使用到了
BinaryMessages
,它起到了信使的作用,負責將資訊進行跨平臺的搬運,是訊息傳送和接受的工具。
setMessageHandler
在建立好BasicMessageChannel
後,讓其接受來自另一平臺的訊息,BinaryMessenger
呼叫它的setMessageHandler
方法為其設定一個訊息處理器,配合BinaryMessenger
完成訊息的處理以及回覆;
send
在建立好BasicMessageChannel
後,可以呼叫它的send方法向另一個平臺傳遞資料。
setMethodCallHandler
設定用於在此MethodChannel
上接收方法呼叫的回撥
receiveBroadcastStream
設定廣播流以接收此EventChannel
上的事件
Handler
Flutter使用Handler處理Codec解碼後的訊息。三種Platform Channel相對應,Flutter中也定義了三種Handler:
- MessageHandler: 用於處理字串或者半結構化訊息,定義在BasicMessageChannel中.
- MethodCallHandler: 用於處理方法呼叫,定義在MethodChannel中.
- StreamHandler: 用於事件流通訊,定義在EventChannel中
使用Platform Channel時,需要為其註冊一個對應BinaryMessageHandler為其設定對應的Handler。二進位制資料會被BinaryMessageHanler進行處理,首先使用Codec進行解碼操作,然後再分發給具體Handler進行處理。
結語
欲更進一步瞭解Platform Channel設計與實現,可前往深入Flutter技術內幕:Platform Channel設計與實現,關注大神部落格