在Oracle Linux 7.1中使用原始碼來安裝PostgreSQL 9.6

編譯PostgreSQL需要下列軟體包:

1.GUN make版本3.80或新的要求。

[root@cs1 /]# make --version

GNU Make 3.82

Built for x86-redhat-linux-gnu

License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later

This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.

There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

2.需要一個ISO/ANSI C 編譯器（至少是 C89相容的）。我們推薦使用最近版本的GCC

[root@cs1 /]# gcc --version

gcc (GCC) 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9)

本程式是自由軟體；請參看原始碼的版權宣告。本軟體沒有任何擔保；

包括沒有適銷性和某一專用目的下的適用性擔保。

3.除了gzip和bzip2之外，我們還需要tar來解包原始碼釋出。

4.GNU Readline庫

[root@cs1 /]# rpm -aq | grep readline

readline-6.2-9.el7.x86[root@cs1 /]# rpm -aq | grep readline-deve

readline-devel-6.2-9.el7.x86[root@cs1 /]# rpm -aq | grep libedit

libedit-3.0-12.20121213cvs.el7.x86

5.可選工具包在預設配置的時候並不要求它們，但是如果開啟了一些編譯選項之後就需要它們了

perl 5.8 or later

python

Kerberos

OpenSSL

OpenLDAP and/or PAM

Flex 2.5.31 or later

Bison 1.875 or later

6.建立使用者與組

[root@cs1 local]# groupadd pgsql

[root@cs1 local]# useradd -g pgsql pgsql

7.下載原始碼包postgresql-9.6.6.tar.gz並上傳到伺服器並解壓

[root@cs1 local]# gunzip postgresql-9.6.6.tar.gz

建立一個軟連結

[root@cs1 local]# ln -s postgresql-9.6.6 pgsql

[root@cs1 local]# ls -lrt

總用量 8

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 src

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 sbin

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 libexec

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 libdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 lib

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 include

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 games

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 etc

drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 46 10月 12 2017 share

drwxrwxrwx 6 pgsql pgsql 4096 11月 7 2017 postgresql-9.6.6

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 46 3月 9 2018 bin

drwxrwxr-x 13 root mysql 4096 1月 31 02:40 mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 6月 4 14:43 mysql -> mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86

lrwx

rwxrwx 1 root root 16 6月 4 21:24 pgsql -> postgresql-9.6.6

8.安裝

root@cs1 local]# cd pgsql

8.1安裝過程的第一步就是為你的系統配置原始碼樹並選擇你喜歡的選項。這個工作是透過執行configure指令碼實現的，對於預設安裝，你只需要簡單地輸入：

[root@cs1 pgsql]# ./configure

checking build system type... x86-pc-linux-gnu

checking host system type... x86-pc-linux-gnu

checking which template to use... linux

checking whether to build with - integer date/time support... yes

checking whether NLS is wanted... no

checking for default port number... 5432

checking for block size... 8kB

checking for segment size... 1GB

checking for WAL block size... 8kB

checking for WAL segment size... 16MB

checking for gcc... gcc

checking whether the C compiler works... yes

checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out

checking for suffix of executables...

checking whether we are cross compiling... no

checking for suffix of object files... o

checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes

checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes

checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed

checking whether gcc supports -Wdeclaration-after-statement... yes

checking whether gcc supports -Wendif-labels... yes

checking whether gcc supports -Wmissing-format-attribute... yes

checking whether gcc supports -Wformat-security... yes

checking whether gcc supports -fno-strict-aliasing... yes

checking whether gcc supports -fwrapv... yes

checking whether gcc supports -fexcess-precision=standard... yes

checking whether gcc supports -funroll-loops... yes

checking whether gcc supports -ftree-vectorize... yes

checking whether gcc supports -Wunused-command-line-argument... no

checking whether the C compiler still works... yes

checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E

checking allow thread-safe client libraries... yes

checking whether to build with Tcl... no

checking whether to build Perl modules... no

checking whether to build Python modules... no

checking whether to build with GSSAPI support... no

checking whether to build with PAM support... no

checking whether to build with BSD Authentication support... no

checking whether to build with LDAP support... no

checking whether to build with Bonjour support... no

checking whether to build with OpenSSL support... no

checking whether to build with SELinux support... no

checking whether to build with systemd support... no

checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep

checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E

checking for ld used by GCC... /usr/bin/ld

checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes

checking for ranlib... ranlib

checking for strip... strip

checking whether it is possible to strip libraries... yes

checking for ar... ar

checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c

checking for tar... /usr/bin/tar

checking whether ln -s works... yes

checking for gawk... gawk

checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p

checking for bison... /usr/bin/bison

configure: using bison (GNU Bison) 2.7

checking for flex... /usr/bin/flex

configure: using flex 2.5.37

checking for perl... /usr/bin/perl

configure: using perl 5.16.3

checking for ANSI C header files... yes

checking for sys/types.h... yes

checking for sys/stat.h... yes

checking for stdlib.h... yes

checking for string.h... yes

checking for memory.h... yes

checking for strings.h... yes

checking for inttypes.h... yes

checking for stdint.h... yes

checking for unistd.h... yes

checking if compiler needs certain flags to reject unknown flags... no

checking for the pthreads library -lpthreads... no

checking whether pthreads work without any flags... no

checking whether pthreads work with -Kthread... no

checking whether pthreads work with -kthread... no

checking for the pthreads library -llthread... no

checking whether pthreads work with -pthread... yes

checking for joinable pthread attribute... PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE

checking if more special flags are required for pthreads... no

checking for PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT... yes

checking pthread.h usability... yes

checking pthread.h presence... yes

checking for pthread.h... yes

checking for strerror_r... yes

checking for getpwuid_r... yes

checking for gethostbyname_r... yes

checking whether strerror_r returns int... no

checking for main in -lm... yes

checking for library containing setproctitle... no

checking for library containing dlopen... -ldl

checking for library containing socket... none required

checking for library containing shl_load... no

checking for library containing getopt_long... none required

checking for library containing crypt... -lcrypt

checking for library containing shm_open... -lrt

checking for library containing shm_unlink... none required

checking for library containing fdatasync... none required

checking for library containing sched_yield... none required

checking for library containing gethostbyname_r... none required

checking for library containing shmget... none required

checking for library containing readline... -lreadline

checking for inflate in -lz... yes

checking atomic.h usability... no

checking atomic.h presence... no

checking for atomic.h... no

checking crypt.h usability... yes

checking crypt.h presence... yes

checking for crypt.h... yes

checking dld.h usability... no

checking dld.h presence... no

checking for dld.h... no

checking fp_class.h usability... no

checking fp_class.h presence... no

checking for fp_class.h... no

checking getopt.h usability... yes

checking getopt.h presence... yes

checking for getopt.h... yes

checking ieeefp.h usability... no

checking ieeefp.h presence... no

checking for ieeefp.h... no

checking ifaddrs.h usability... yes

checking ifaddrs.h presence... yes

checking for ifaddrs.h... yes

checking langinfo.h usability... yes

checking langinfo.h presence... yes

checking for langinfo.h... yes

checking mbarrier.h usability... no

checking mbarrier.h presence... no

checking for mbarrier.h... no

checking poll.h usability... yes

checking poll.h presence... yes

checking for poll.h... yes

checking pwd.h usability... yes

checking pwd.h presence... yes

checking for pwd.h... yes

checking sys/epoll.h usability... yes

checking sys/epoll.h presence... yes

checking for sys/epoll.h... yes

checking sys/ioctl.h usability... yes

checking sys/ioctl.h presence... yes

checking for sys/ioctl.h... yes

checking sys/ipc.h usability... yes

checking sys/ipc.h presence... yes

checking for sys/ipc.h... yes

checking sys/poll.h usability... yes

checking sys/poll.h presence... yes

checking for sys/poll.h... yes

checking sys/pstat.h usability... no

checking sys/pstat.h presence... no

checking for sys/pstat.h... no

checking sys/resource.h usability... yes

checking sys/resource.h presence... yes

checking for sys/resource.h... yes

checking sys/select.h usability... yes

checking sys/select.h presence... yes

checking for sys/select.h... yes

checking sys/sem.h usability... yes

checking sys/sem.h presence... yes

checking for sys/sem.h... yes

checking sys/shm.h usability... yes

checking sys/shm.h presence... yes

checking for sys/shm.h... yes

checking sys/socket.h usability... yes

checking sys/socket.h presence... yes

checking for sys/socket.h... yes

checking sys/sockio.h usability... no

checking sys/sockio.h presence... no

checking for sys/sockio.h... no

checking sys/tas.h usability... no

checking sys/tas.h presence... no

checking for sys/tas.h... no

checking sys/time.h usability... yes

checking sys/time.h presence... yes

checking for sys/time.h... yes

checking sys/un.h usability... yes

checking sys/un.h presence... yes

checking for sys/un.h... yes

checking termios.h usability... yes

checking termios.h presence... yes

checking for termios.h... yes

checking ucred.h usability... no

checking ucred.h presence... no

checking for ucred.h... no

checking utime.h usability... yes

checking utime.h presence... yes

checking for utime.h... yes

checking wchar.h usability... yes

checking wchar.h presence... yes

checking for wchar.h... yes

checking wctype.h usability... yes

checking wctype.h presence... yes

checking for wctype.h... yes

checking for net/if.h... yes

checking for sys/ucred.h... no

checking netinet/in.h usability... yes

checking netinet/in.h presence... yes

checking for netinet/in.h... yes

checking for netinet/tcp.h... yes

checking readline/readline.h usability... yes

checking readline/readline.h presence... yes

checking for readline/readline.h... yes

checking readline/history.h usability... yes

checking readline/history.h presence... yes

checking for readline/history.h... yes

checking zlib.h usability... yes

checking zlib.h presence... yes

checking for zlib.h... yes

checking whether byte ordering is bigendian... no

checking for inline... inline

checking for printf format archetype... gnu_printf

checking for flexible array members... yes

checking for signed types... yes

checking for __func__... yes

checking for _Static_assert... yes

checking for __builtin_types_compatible_p... yes

checking for __builtin_bswap32... yes

checking for __builtin_bswap... yes

checking for __builtin_constant_p... yes

checking for __builtin_unreachable... yes

checking for __VA_ARGS__... yes

checking whether struct tm is in sys/time.h or time.h... time.h

checking for struct tm.tm_zone... yes

checking for tzname... yes

checking for union semun... no

checking for struct sockaddr_un... yes

checking for struct sockaddr_storage... yes

checking for struct sockaddr_storage.ss_family... yes

checking for struct sockaddr_storage.__ss_family... no

checking for struct sockaddr_storage.ss_len... no

checking for struct sockaddr_storage.__ss_len... no

checking for struct sockaddr.sa_len... no

checking for struct addrinfo... yes

checking for intptr_t... yes

checking for uintptr_t... yes

checking for unsigned long long int... yes

checking for long long int... yes

checking for locale_t... yes

checking for struct cmsgcred... no

checking for struct option... yes

checking for z_streamp... yes

checking for special C compiler options needed for large files... no

checking for _FILE_OFFSET_BITS value needed for large files... no

checking size of off_t... 8

checking for int timezone... yes

checking types of arguments for accept()... int, int, struct sockaddr *, socklen_t *

checking whether gettimeofday takes only one argument... no

checking for wcstombs_l declaration... no

checking for cbrt... yes

checking for dlopen... yes

checking for fdatasync... yes

checking for getifaddrs... yes

checking for getpeerucred... no

checking for getrlimit... yes

checking for mbstowcs_l... no

checking for memmove... yes

checking for poll... yes

checking for posix_fallocate... yes

checking for pstat... no

checking for pthread_is_threaded_np... no

checking for readlink... yes

checking for setproctitle... no

checking for setsid... yes

checking for shm_open... yes

checking for symlink... yes

checking for sync_file_range... yes

checking for towlower... yes

checking for utime... yes

checking for utimes... yes

checking for wcstombs... yes

checking for wcstombs_l... no

checking for fseeko... yes

checking for _LARGEFILE_SOURCE value needed for large files... no

checking for posix_fadvise... yes

checking whether posix_fadvise is declared... yes

checking whether fdatasync is declared... yes

checking whether strlcat is declared... no

checking whether strlcpy is declared... no

checking whether F_FULLFSYNC is declared... no

checking for struct sockaddr_in6... yes

checking for PS_STRINGS... no

checking for snprintf... yes

checking for vsnprintf... yes

checking whether snprintf is declared... yes

checking whether vsnprintf is declared... yes

checking for isinf... yes

checking for crypt... yes

checking for fls... no

checking for getopt... yes

checking for getrusage... yes

checking for inet_aton... yes

checking for mkdtemp... yes

checking for random... yes

checking for rint... yes

checking for srandom... yes

checking for strerror... yes

checking for strlcat... no

checking for strlcpy... no

checking for unsetenv... yes

checking for getpeereid... no

checking for getaddrinfo... yes

checking for getopt_long... yes

checking whether sys_siglist is declared... yes

checking for syslog... yes

checking syslog.h usability... yes

checking syslog.h presence... yes

checking for syslog.h... yes

checking for opterr... yes

checking for optreset... no

checking for strtoll... yes

checking for strtoull... yes

checking for rl_completion_append_character... yes

checking for rl_completion_matches... yes

checking for rl_filename_completion_function... yes

checking for rl_reset_screen_size... yes

checking for append_history... yes

checking for history_truncate_file... yes

checking test program... ok

checking whether long int is bits... yes

checking whether snprintf supports the %z modifier... yes

checking size of void *... 8

checking size of size_t... 8

checking size of long... 8

checking whether to build with float4 passed by value... yes

checking whether to build with float8 passed by value... yes

checking alignment of short... 2

checking alignment of int... 4

checking alignment of long... 8

checking alignment of double... 8

checking for int8... no

checking for uint8... no

checking for int... no

checking for uint... no

checking for __int128... yes

checking for builtin __sync char locking functions... yes

checking for builtin __sync int32 locking functions... yes

checking for builtin __sync int32 atomic operations... yes

checking for builtin __sync int atomic operations... yes

checking for builtin __atomic int32 atomic operations... yes

checking for builtin __atomic int atomic operations... yes

checking for __get_cpuid... yes

checking for __cpuid... no

checking for _mm_crc32_u8 and _mm_crc32_u32 with CFLAGS=... no

checking for _mm_crc32_u8 and _mm_crc32_u32 with CFLAGS=-msse4.2... yes

checking which CRC-32C implementation to use... SSE 4.2 with runtime check

checking for onsgmls... no

checking for nsgmls... no

checking for openjade... no

checking for jade... no

checking for DocBook V4.2... no

checking for DocBook stylesheets... no

checking for collateindex.pl... no

checking for dbtoepub... no

checking for xmllint... xmllint

checking for xsltproc... xsltproc

checking for osx... no

checking for sgml2xml... no

checking for sx... sx

checking thread safety of required library functions... yes

checking whether gcc supports -Wl,--as-needed... yes

configure: using compiler=gcc (GCC) 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9)

configure: using CFLAGS=-Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -O2

configure: using CPPFLAGS= -D_GNU_SOURCE

configure: using LDFLAGS= -Wl,--as-needed

configure: creating ./config.status

config.status: creating GNUmakefile

config.status: creating src/Makefile.global

config.status: creating src/include/pg_config.h

config.status: creating src/include/pg_config_ext.h

config.status: creating src/interfaces/ecpg/include/ecpg_config.h

config.status: linking src/backend/port/tas/dummy.s to src/backend/port/tas.s

config.status: linking src/backend/port/dynloader/linux.c to src/backend/port/dynloader.c

config.status: linking src/backend/port/sysv_sema.c to src/backend/port/pg_sema.c

config.status: linking src/backend/port/sysv_shmem.c to src/backend/port/pg_shmem.c

config.status: linking src/backend/port/dynloader/linux.h to src/include/dynloader.h

config.status: linking src/include/port/linux.h to src/include/pg_config_os.h

config.status: linking src/makefiles/Makefile.linux to src/Makefile.port

預設安裝目錄/usr/local/pgsql，可以使用--prefix=path進行修改,./configure --help

8.2 編譯

要開始編譯，鍵入：

root@cs1 local]# make

（一定要記得用GNU make）。依你的硬體而異，編譯過程可能需要 5 分鐘到半小時。顯示的最後一行應該是：

All of PostgreSQL successfully made. Ready to install.

如果你希望編譯所有能編譯的東西，包括文件（HTML和手冊頁）以及附加模組（contrib），這樣鍵入：

[root@cs1 pgsql]# make world

.....省略.....

make[2]: 離開目錄“/usr/local/postgresql-9.6.6/contrib/vacuumlo”

make[1]: 離開目錄“/usr/local/postgresql-9.6.6/contrib”

PostgreSQL, contrib, and documentation successfully made. Ready to install.

8.3安裝檔案

要安裝PostgreSQL，輸入：

make install

這條命令將把檔案安裝到在步驟 1中指定的目錄。確保你有足夠的許可權向該區域寫入。通常你需要用 root 許可權做這一步。或者你也可以事先建立目標目錄並且分派合適的許可權。

要安裝文件（HTML和手冊頁），輸入：

make install-docs

如果你按照上面的方法編譯了所有東西，輸入：

make install-world

這也會安裝文件。

[root@cs1 pgsql]# make install-world

......省略....

make[2]: 離開目錄“/usr/local/postgresql-9.6.6/contrib/vacuumlo”

make[1]: 離開目錄“/usr/local/postgresql-9.6.6/contrib”

PostgreSQL, contrib, and documentation installation complete.

9.設定環境變數

建立目錄/usr/local/pgsql/data用來存放資料

[root@cs1 pgsql]# mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data

[root@cs1 pgsql]# chown pgsql:pgsql data

[root@cs1 pgsql]# su - pgsql

[pgsql@cs1 ~]$ vi .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib

export PG_HOME=/usr/local/pgsql

export PATH=$PG_HOME/bin/:$PATH

export PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql/data

10.初始化資料庫

使用pgsql使用者來執行

[pgsql@cs1 ~]$ initdb --help

initdb initializes a PostgreSQL database cluster.

Usage:

initdb [OPTION]... [DATADIR]

Options:

-A, --auth=METHOD default authentication method for local connections

--auth-host=METHOD default authentication method for local TCP/IP connections

--auth-local=METHOD default authentication method for local-socket connections

[-D, --pgdata=]DATADIR location for this database cluster

-E, --encoding=ENCODING set default encoding for new databases

--locale=LOCALE set default locale for new databases

--lc-collate=, --lc-ctype=, --lc-messages=LOCALE

--lc-monetary=, --lc-numeric=, --lc-time=LOCALE

set default locale in the respective category for

new databases (default taken from environment)

--no-locale equivalent to --locale=C

--pwfile=FILE read password for the new superuser from file

-T, --text-search-config=CFG

default text search configuration

-U, --username=NAME database superuser name

-W, --pwprompt prompt for a password for the new superuser

-X, --xlogdir=XLOGDIR location for the transaction log directory

Less commonly used options:

-d, --debug generate lots of debugging output

-k, --data-checksums use data page checksums

-L DIRECTORY where to find the input files

-n, --noclean do not clean up after errors

-N, --nosync do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk

-s, --show show internal settings

-S, --sync-only only sync data directory

Other options:

-V, --version output version information, then exit

-?, --help show this help, then exit

If the data directory is not specified, the environment variable PGDATA

is used.

Report bugs to .

[pgsql@cs1 ~]$ initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data

The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "pgsql".

This user must also own the server process.

The database cluster will be initialized with locale "zh_CN.gb2312".

The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "EUC_CN".

initdb: could not find suitable text search configuration for locale "zh_CN.gb2312"

The default text search configuration will be set to "simple".

Data page checksums are disabled.

fixing permissions on existing directory /usr/local/pgsql/data ... ok

creating subdirectories ... ok

selecting default max_connections ... 100

selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB

selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix

creating configuration files ... ok

running bootstrap script ... ok

performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok

syncing data to disk ... ok

WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections

You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or

--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.

Success. You can now start the database server using:

pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data -l logfile start

同時在pgsql的目錄可以看到生成的資料目錄data以及該目錄的相關資料和配置檔案：

[root@cs1 soft]# cd /usr/local/pgsql

[root@cs1 pgsql]# ls -lrt

總用量 1080

-rw-r--r-- 1 pgsql pgsql 1212 11月 7 2017 README

-rw-r--r-- 1 pgsql pgsql 1529 11月 7 2017 Makefile

-rw-r--r-- 1 pgsql pgsql 284 11月 7 2017 HISTORY

-rw-r--r-- 1 pgsql pgsql 3638 11月 7 2017 GNUmakefile.in

-rw-r--r-- 1 pgsql pgsql 74867 11月 7 2017 configure.in

-rwxr-xr-x 1 pgsql pgsql 471555 11月 7 2017 configure

-rw-r--r-- 1 pgsql pgsql 384 11月 7 2017 aclocal.m4

drwxrwxrwx 55 pgsql pgsql 4096 11月 7 2017 contrib

drwxrwxrwx 2 pgsql pgsql 4096 11月 7 2017 config

drwxrwxrwx 3 pgsql pgsql 101 11月 7 2017 doc

-rw-r--r-- 1 pgsql pgsql 76016 11月 7 2017 INSTALL

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 392 6月 4 21:29 config.status

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3638 6月 4 21:29 GNUmakefile

drwxrwxrwx 16 pgsql pgsql 4096 6月 4 21:29 src

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 370213 6月 4 21:29 config.log

drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 26 6月 4 21:43 tmp_install

drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 6月 4 21:45 include

drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 6月 4 21:45 share

drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 6月 4 21:45 lib

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 6月 4 21:45 bin

drwx------ 19 pgsql pgsql 4096 6月 4 21:56 data

[root@cs1 pgsql]# cd data

[root@cs1 data]# ls -lrt

總用量 48

drwx------ 2 pgsql pgsql 6 6月 4 21:56 pg_twophase

drwx------ 2 pgsql pgsql 6 6月 4 21:56 pg_snapshots

drwx------ 2 pgsql pgsql 6 6月 4 21:56 pg_serial

drwx------ 2 pgsql pgsql 6 6月 4 21:56 pg_replslot

drwx------ 4 pgsql pgsql 34 6月 4 21:56 pg_multixact

drwx------ 2 pgsql pgsql 6 6月 4 21:56 pg_dynshmem

drwx------ 2 pgsql pgsql 6 6月 4 21:56 pg_commit_ts

-rw------- 1 pgsql pgsql 4 6月 4 21:56 PG_VERSION

drwx------ 2 pgsql pgsql 6 6月 4 21:56 pg_tblspc

drwx------ 2 pgsql pgsql 6 6月 4 21:56 pg_stat_tmp

drwx------ 2 pgsql pgsql 6 6月 4 21:56 pg_stat

drwx------ 4 pgsql pgsql 37 6月 4 21:56 pg_logical

-rw------- 1 pgsql pgsql 22304 6月 4 21:56 postgresql.conf

-rw------- 1 pgsql pgsql 88 6月 4 21:56 postgresql.auto.conf

-rw------- 1 pgsql pgsql 1636 6月 4 21:56 pg_ident.conf

-rw------- 1 pgsql pgsql 4459 6月 4 21:56 pg_hba.conf

drwx------ 3 pgsql pgsql 58 6月 4 21:56 pg_xlog

drwx------ 2 pgsql pgsql 17 6月 4 21:56 pg_subtrans

drwx------ 2 pgsql pgsql 17 6月 4 21:56 pg_clog

drwx------ 2 pgsql pgsql 17 6月 4 21:56 pg_notify

drwx------ 2 pgsql pgsql 4096 6月 4 21:56 global

drwx------ 5 pgsql pgsql 38 6月 4 21:56 base

11.啟動資料庫

在初始化資料庫結束後看到了啟動命令:

Success. You can now start the database server using:

pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data -l logfile start

[pgsql@cs1 ~]$ echo $PGDATA

/usr/local/pgsql/data

由於我們設定了環境變數，所以已經指定了資料目錄PGDATA， -l表示日誌檔案目錄，通常需要指定，所以我們在/usr/local/pgsql根目錄下再建立一個log目錄用來存放日誌檔案（注意別忘記賦予可寫的許可權）

[root@cs1 pgsql]# chown -R pgsql:pgsql log

[root@cs1 pgsql]# chmod -R 775 log

[root@cs1 pgsql]# ls -lrt

總用量 1080

-rw-r--r-- 1 pgsql pgsql 1212 11月 7 2017 README

-rw-r--r-- 1 pgsql pgsql 1529 11月 7 2017 Makefile

-rw-r--r-- 1 pgsql pgsql 284 11月 7 2017 HISTORY

-rw-r--r-- 1 pgsql pgsql 3638 11月 7 2017 GNUmakefile.in

-rw-r--r-- 1 pgsql pgsql 74867 11月 7 2017 configure.in

-rwxr-xr-x 1 pgsql pgsql 471555 11月 7 2017 configure

-rw-r--r-- 1 pgsql pgsql 384 11月 7 2017 aclocal.m4

drwxrwxrwx 55 pgsql pgsql 4096 11月 7 2017 contrib

drwxrwxrwx 2 pgsql pgsql 4096 11月 7 2017 config

drwxrwxrwx 3 pgsql pgsql 101 11月 7 2017 doc

-rw-r--r-- 1 pgsql pgsql 76016 11月 7 2017 INSTALL

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 392 6月 4 21:29 config.status

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3638 6月 4 21:29 GNUmakefile

drwxrwxrwx 16 pgsql pgsql 4096 6月 4 21:29 src

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 370213 6月 4 21:29 config.log

drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 26 6月 4 21:43 tmp_install

drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 6月 4 21:45 include

drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 6月 4 21:45 share

drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 6月 4 21:45 lib

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 6月 4 21:45 bin

drwx------ 19 pgsql pgsql 4096 6月 4 21:56 data

drwxrwxr-x 2 pgsql pgsql 6 6月 4 22:04 log

執行pg_ctl start -l /usr/local/pgsql/log/pg_server.log即可啟動資料庫

[pgsql@cs1 ~]$ pg_ctl start -l /usr/local/pgsql/log/pg_server.log

server starting

透過ps -ef|grep postgres檢視一下postgres相關是否存在相關程式

[root@cs1 log]# ps -ef|grep postgres

pgsql 4977 1 0 22:05 pts/3 00:00:00 /usr/local/postgresql-9.6.6/bin/postgres

pgsql 4980 4977 0 22:05 ? 00:00:00 postgres: checkpointer process

pgsql 4981 4977 0 22:05 ? 00:00:00 postgres: writer process

pgsql 4982 4977 0 22:05 ? 00:00:00 postgres: wal writer process

pgsql 4983 4977 0 22:05 ? 00:00:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher process

pgsql 4984 4977 0 22:05 ? 00:00:00 postgres: stats collector process

root 5145 15622 0 22:06 pts/4 00:00:00 grep --color=auto postgres

從資料庫日誌檔案可以看到如下資訊:

[root@cs1 log]# tail -f pg_server.log

LOG: database system was shut down at 2019-06-04 21:56:12 CST

LOG: MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled

LOG: database system is ready to accept connections

LOG: autovacuum launcher started

12.連線資料庫

[pgsql@cs1 ~]$ psql --list

List of databases

-----------+-------+----------+--------------+--------------+-------------------

(3 rows)

啟動成功後我們就可以透過postgresql自帶的客戶端工具psql來進行連線，直接輸入psql看到版本資訊則說明連線成功：

[pgsql@cs1 ~]$ psql postgres

psql (9.6.6)

Type "help" for help.

postgres=#

接下來要做的第一件事就是設定postgres使用者的密碼（預設為空），用psql連線成功後直接輸入\password即會提示輸入兩次密碼

[pgsql@cs1 ~]$ psql postgres

psql (9.6.6)

Type "help" for help.

postgres=# \password

Enter new password:

Enter it again:

postgres=# \l

List of databases

-----------+-------+----------+--------------+--------------+-------------------

(3 rows)

postgres=# \l

List of databases

-----------+-------+----------+--------------+--------------+-------------------

(3 rows)

postgres=# select version();

version

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PostgreSQL 9.6.6 on x86-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9), -bit

(1 row)

postgres=# select current_date;

date

------------

2019-06-04

(1 row)

postgres=#

到此使用原始碼來安裝pg資料庫就完成了。

在Oracle Linux 7.1中使用原始碼來安裝PostgreSQL 9.6

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